Arbitrary Pole Placement with Sliding Mode Control

This paper considers the problem of placing all the poles arbitrarily for a linear time-invariant plant with the linear part 00 sliding mode control. We solve this problem in two ways. In the first approach, we design a sliding mode control by specifying the desired pole locations. The closed-loop system under this control law has all eigenvalues at the desired places. In the second approach, the sliding mode control is designed from a given state feedback gain so that all the poles of the closed-loop system are placed at the same location as that of the state feedback controller. Here, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a linear gain using the sliding mode control to achieve the desired pole assignment. This condition is always fulfilled for the single input case whereas it is only applicable for certain multi-input scenarios that meet the conditions stated in the paper. In both the approaches, one can place the closed-loop poles with the proposed sliding mode control at any arbitrary location in the left half of the complex plane, unlike with traditional design, where m poles are at the origin with m being the number of control inputs. A numerical example illustrates the proposed design methodology for sliding mode control

Development of Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for Analysis of Lornoxicam in Solid Dosage Forms

Purpose: An ultraviolet spectrophotometric system was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of lornoxicam in solid dosage forms.Methods: Lornoxicam was dissolved in 0.01M NaOH and analysed using ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. Various analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.Results: Absorbance maximum in 0.01M NaOH was 377 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 2 - 20 mg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) value of 0.999. Percent range of error was 0.344 and 0.261 at 0.05 and. 0.01 confidence limits, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision (% RSD) at different concentration levels were < 2 %, indicating that the proposed derivative spectrophotometric method is highly reproducible during one run and between different runs; LOD and LOQ were 0.105 and 0.318 mg/ml, respectively signifying that it can be adopted for routine quality testing. Mean recovery was 100.82 % for tablets. Low values of % RSD indicate the reliability of the proposed methodConclusion: The proposed method is highly sensitive, precise, accurate, cost-effective, reliable and rapid for the estimation of lornoxicam in solid dosage forms.Keywords: Lornoxicam, UV Spectrophotometry, Quantitative determination, Solid dosage forms

Synthesis, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Novel Pyrazoline Derivatives

Purpose: Microbial infections often produce pain and inflammation. Chemotherapeutic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed simultaneously in normal practice. The compound possessing all three activities is not common.The purpose of the present study was to examine whether molecular modification might result in detection of new potential antirheumatic drugs having antimicrobial activities. Method: A series of novel 4-(5′-substituted aryl-4′, 5′-dihydropyrazole-3′-yl-amino) phenols 2a-f have been synthesized by treating substituted aryl-N-chalconyl amino phenols 1a-f with hydrazine hydrate. The starting materials were synthesized from p-aminoacetophenone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR spectral data. The synthesized compounds were investigated for analgesic, ant-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Result: The data reported in Tables 2, 3 & 4 shows that effect of variation in chemical structure on activity was rather unpredictable. Seldom did a particular structural modification lead to uniform alteration in activity in all tests. The substitution which appeared to be most important for high order of activity in the greatest number of test was the p-choloroaryl group. The introduction of p-nitro and p-hydroxy group in aryl moiety of the pyrazole analogs 2c and 2e produce compounds with potent analgesic, anti-inflamatory and, in a few cases, antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: The observed increase in analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities are attributed to the presence of 4-NO2, 2-OH and 4-Cl in phenyl ring at 5-position of pyrazoline ring of synthesized compounds. In some cases their activities are equal or more potent than the standard drugs. Keywords: Pyrazole, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial activity Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 (2) 2008: pp. 961-96

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of some Anthranilic Acid and 2-Phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-one Analogues

In the present investigation a novel series of N-(phenyl) chalconyl anthranilic acids containing pyrazolines (4a–j), tetrahydropyrimidines (4k–o), tetrahydrothiopyrimidines (4p–t) and 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones containing pyrazolines (8a–f), isoxazolines (8g–l), tetrahydropyrimidines (8m–r) and tetrahydrothiopyrimidines (8s–x) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. The title compounds (4a–t) and (8a–x) were investigated for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and in vitro protein denaturation activities. Compounds 4j and 8x were identified as lead compounds with optimum analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Keywords: Quinazolines, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, protein denaturatio

BGREI Impact on Productivity & Income from Rice: Western Vs. Northern Odisha

The article provides a comparison of the impact of the BGREI on rice productivity and income in the western and northern portions of Odisha in 2016–17. After consulting with scientists of ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack, 2 districts Mayurbhanj and Bargarh were selected as the research location. Two blocks from each district, 4 villages from each block were taken into consideration purposively and 10 farmers were selected randomly. Two pre-tested questionnaires were administered separately to the randomly selected beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries to collect the required data. After analysis of the data, it was observed that there is an increase of 8.83 quintals/acre (61.92%) in the productivity of Kharif rice in western Odisha, whereas in northern Odisha it is 6.1 quintals/acre (60.10%). Likewise, in case of Income from Kharif rice, there is an increment of Rs.12980/acre in western Odisha, whereas in northern Odisha it is Rs.8967/acre. After a critical statistical study, it was also clarified that there is no such major difference in the impact of BGREI on the income of rice farmers and productivity of rice, based on the location (i.e. between western Odisha and northern Odisha). It can be said that there is no such biasness in the BGREI scheme implemented areas of Odisha

CH Selection via Adaptive Threshold Design Aligned on Network Energy

Energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) involving multiple sensor nodes is a crucial parameter in many applications like smart healthcare systems, home automation, environmental monitoring, and industrial use. Hence, an energy-efficient cluster-head (CH) selection strategy is imperative in a WSN to improve network performance. So to balance the harsh conditions in the network with fast changes in the energy dynamics, a novel energy-efficient adaptive fuzzy-based CH selection approach is projected. Extensive simulations exploited various real-time scenarios, such as varying the optimal position of the location of the base station and network energy. Additionally, the results showed an improved performance in the throughput (46%) and energy consumption (66%), which demonstrated the robustness and efficacy of the proposed model for the future designs of WSN applications

Not Available

Not AvailableSoils of large areas of the globe are affected by deficiency or toxicity of iron (Fe), making it one of the major limitations to higher productivity of rice. Deficiency of Fe, an essential micronutrient for growth and development of rice, produces grain with low Fe-content. Consumption of low-Fe rice causes malnutrition affecting human health. Biofortification is an easy and low-cost way to enhance Fe content in rice, the staple food of more than half of the global population. Identification of relevant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes controlling the stresses are needed for developing tolerant genotype(s). Fe deficiency is commonly observed in alkaline and aerobic soils, while toxicity is seen in low pH soils of lowland rice ecology. Rice plants cope up under deficiency or toxicity conditions through various morphological, physiological and differential gene expression strategies.Rice plant uses various transporter genes like OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsIRT1, OsIRT2, OsNRAMP1, OsYSL15 and OsYSL16 under deficiency stress while OsIRT1, OsFRO2, OsVIT1, OsVIT2, OsNRAMP6, OsNAAT1, OsNAS3, OsNAC4, OsNAC5 and OsNAC6 under toxicity condition are involved for Fe homeostasis. Several QTLs including qFe3:1, qFe3:2, qFe7:1, qFe9:1, qFe9:2, qFe10:1, Fe11:1, qFe3.3 and qFe7.3 associated with grain-Fe content have been identified. Many Fe binding and transporters genes like OsZIP1, OsHMA4, OsACA2, OsZIP2, OsCNGC, OsZIP3, OsZIP5, OsZIP9, OsHma2, ABC transporter, OsNAS3, heavy metal transporter, Chy zinc finger and OsACA9 have been identified to improve grain-Fe content. Donor lines for grain-Fe content have been identified from rice germplasms showing even up to 147 μg g−1 in brown rice. Fe content in rice grain has been enhanced to many folds using ferritin genes of soybean and common bean, NAS gene and mugineic acid synthase genes (HvNAS1 and HvNAAT-A,-B or IDS3) of barley, nicotianamine transporter gene (OsYSL2) and nicotinamine synthase genes (OsNAS1, OsNAS2 and OsNAS3) through transgenic approach. The paper analyses the mechanisms of tolerance to Fe-deficiency and toxicity, identification of genes/QTLs responsible for tolerance under the stresses and helping for biofortification, assesses the stress affected symptoms, reviews the screening and summarizes the efforts for breeding programs for improving tolerance to Fe-deficiency and toxicity in rice.Not Availabl

Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in India: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic diseases are fast becoming the largest health burden in India. Despite this, their management in India has not been well studied. We aimed to systematically review the nature and efficacy of current management strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India. METHODS: We used database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, IndMED, CENTRAL and CINAHL), journal hand-searches, scanning of reference lists and contact with experts to identify studies for systematic review. We did not review management strategies aimed at chronic diseases more generally, nor management of acute exacerbations. Due to the heterogeneity of reviewed studies, meta-analysis was not appropriate. Thus, narrative methods were used. SETTING: India. PARTICIPANTS: All adult populations resident in India. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 1. Trialled interventions and outcomes 2. Extent and efficacy of current management strategies 3. Above outcomes by subgroup. RESULTS: We found information regarding current management - particularly regarding the implementation of national guidelines and primary prevention - to be minimal. This led to difficulty in interpreting studies of management strategies, which were varied and generally of positive effect. Data regarding current management outcomes were very few. CONCLUSIONS: The current understanding of management strategies for COPD in India is limited due to a lack of published data. Determination of the extent of current use of management guidelines, availability and use of treatment, and current primary prevention strategies would be useful. This would also provide evidence on which to interpret existing and future studies of management outcomes and novel interventions

Western Indian Ocean marine and terrestrial records of climate variability: a review and new concepts on land-ocean interactions since AD 1660

We examine the relationship between three tropical and two subtropical western Indian Ocean coral oxygen isotope time series to surface air temperatures (SAT) and rainfall over India, tropical East Africa and southeast Africa. We review established relationships, provide new concepts with regard to distinct rainfall seasons, and mean annual temperatures. Tropical corals are coherent with SAT over western India and East Africa at interannual and multidecadal periodicities. The subtropical corals correlate with Southeast African SAT at periodicities of 16–30 years. The relationship between the coral records and land rainfall is more complex. Running correlations suggest varying strength of interannual teleconnections between the tropical coral oxygen isotope records and rainfall over equatorial East Africa. The relationship with rainfall over India changed in the 1970s. The subtropical oxygen isotope records are coherent with South African rainfall at interdecadal periodicities. Paleoclimatological reconstructions of land rainfall and SAT reveal that the inferred relationships generally hold during the last 350 years. Thus, the Indian Ocean corals prove invaluable for investigating land–ocean interactions during past centuries