"Roupa nova em brinquedo velho" : encontros de musicoterapia e os sentidos produzidos por estudantes universitárias que sofreram violência

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Gislaine Cristina VagettiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa : Curitiba, 24/03/2023Inclui referências: p. 182-197Resumo: Esta tese teve como objetivo compreender os sentidos produzidos, nos Encontros de Musicoterapia, por estudantes universitárias que sofreram violências. O tema da violência revela-se como uma realidade cada vez mais preocupante, que requer atenção especial, demandando ser problematizada e investigada, especialmente a violência contra mulheres. É uma temática complexa, que envolve a sociedade como um todo, exigindo ser transpassada por diferentes perspectivas, com políticas e ações no campo da justiça, da saúde, da assistência e da educação, sendo debatida e conduzida com medidas e ações educativas, judiciais, protetivas e de cuidados. A Musicoterapia, que compõe diversas equipes multidisciplinares e que atua no campo da saúde, da educação, da assistência social, em comunidades, na saúde mental, entre outros, apresenta-se como uma possibilidade para trabalhar com estudantes universitárias que sofreram violências. A Musicoterapia possui um viés terapêutico, mas também uma natureza educacional. Numa perspectiva freiriana, o aprender se faz no diálogo com o outro, numa relação dialógica, em trocas afetivas e na qual as partes envolvidas vão se transformando e modificando o seu entorno. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e com uma pesquisa de campo. Os instrumentos para a coleta de informações foram: questionário sociodemográfico e questionário econômico da ABEP, entrevista coletiva e entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, diário de campo e transcrições dos Encontros. Na pesquisa de campo foram realizados quinze Encontros de Musicoterapia presenciais, por quatro meses, logo após o retorno do período de isolamento social provocado pela pandemia do Covid-19. Participaram dos Encontros de Musicoterapia seis estudantes do ensino superior, de universidades públicas da cidade de Curitiba. Para a análise das informações trabalhou-se com análise descritiva, núcleos de significação e análise musicoterápica. Foram respeitados os princípios éticos de autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça, tendo sido o projeto de pesquisa aprovado por um Comitê de Ética. Ao final da pesquisa foi possível ter um panorama dos tipos de violências sofridas pelas estudantes participantes, que incluem abuso/violência sexual infantil, sexo forçado, assédio sexual em local de trabalho, relacionamento afetivo abusivo, violência intrafamiliar/doméstica, estupro, entre outras. Dentre os impactos da violência na vida das participantes estão sentimentos de medos, vergonha, insegurança, culpa, depressão; sensação iminente de que novas violências possam ocorrer a qualquer momento; baixa autoestima; ansiedade; dificuldades em relacionamentos afetivos e familiares, entre outros. Evidenciou-se a importância do espaço universitário para além do conhecimento acadêmico, revelando-se como um lugar de pertencimento e um espaço de produção de vidas. Os aprendizados que as participantes tiveram se deram nas trocas interpessoais e permearam aspectos pessoais, relacionais e educacionais, levando-as à compreensão de si, do outro e de seu redor. Os Encontros de Musicoterapia mediaram experiências e fazeres musicais individuais e coletivos potentes para a produção de sentidos de estudantes universitárias que sofreram violência, possibilitando (re)significações e contribuindo para que construíssem formas outras de ser, estar, pensar e agir, possibilitando (re)escreverem sua história de vida.Abstract: This thesis targets the understanding of the senses which have been emerged at Music Therapy Meetings attended by Higher Education students who suffered violence. The theme of violence reveals itself as an increasingly worrying reality which requires special attention and demands to be problematized and investigated, especially on violence against women. It is a deep and complex theme which involves the whole of the civil society requiring to be permeated by distinct perspectives, with policies and actions in the field of Justice, Health, Social Assistance and Education, and being discussed and managed with measures and actions regarding educational, judicial, protective and caring nature. The Music Therapy comprises several multidisciplinary teams and works in the field of Health, Education, Social Assistance, within communities and Mental Health area among others, and presents itself as a useful tool to help Higher Education students who have suffered extreme violence. The Music Therapy has a therapeutic focus and an educational nature as well. From a Freirean perspective the learning takes place in dialogue with each other, in a dialogical relationship with affective exchanges in which the involved parties are transforming and modifying their own environment. The research adopted a qualitative and exploratory approach with a field research. The tools for collecting data were the following: socio-demographic survey, ABEP economic survey, collective interview and individual semi-structured interviews, daily field logs and the meeting minutes from the Music Therapy Meetings. In the field research fifteen in-person Music Therapy Meetings were held, during the period of four months shortly after the period of social isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The Music Therapy Meetings were held in the City of Curitiba, Paraná State, with a group of six Higher Education students from Public Universities. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, meaning core and the Music Therapy Analysis were used. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice were respected and the research project was approved by an Ethics Committee. At the very end of the research, it was possible to have an overview of the types of violence suffered by the participating students, which include child sexual abuse/violence, forced sex, sexual harassment in the workplace, emotionally abusive relationship, intrafamily/domestic violence, rape, among others. Amid the impacts of the violence on their lives are raised feelings of fear, shame, insecurity, guilt, depression; imminent feeling that new violence could occur at any moment; low self-esteem; anxiety; affection difficulties and family relationships, and others. The importance of the University was highlighted beyond academic knowledge, unveiling as a place with a real sense of belonging and life-enhancing. The learning that the participants had took place on interpersonal exchanges and percolated on personal aspects under relational and educational grounds, leading them to understand themselves, the others and their surroundings. The Music Therapy Meetings provided outstanding individual and collective musical experiences and practices for the creation of senses of Higher Education students who suffered violence, enabling re-meanings and contributing to build other ways of being, thinking and acting, and empowering them to rewrite their own story of life

Apprendimento vocale: un caso di evoluzione convergente tra uccelli e uomo

Uno studio degli aspetti comportamentali, anatomici e genetici dell'apprendimento vocale evolutisi in maniera convergente in uccelli e uomini.ope

ANALISI DEL DIFFERENZIAMENTO NEURONALE INDOTTO DALL’ACIDO RETINOICO IN CELLULE DI TERATOCARCINOMA EMBRIONALE MURINO.

In humans, the loss of sensory hair cells is an irreversible process leading to hearing loss. Regenerative medicine, that is the replacement of degenerating cells with neural stem cells, has been proposed for treatment of inner ear sensorineural damage. The pluripotent mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line usually grows into an epithelial monolayer and, after aggregation and treatment with retinoic acid (RA), differentiates into neural cells, including neurons and glial cells. Thus, the mouse P19 cells have been extensively used as a model to study molecular mechanisms of neural differentiation in vitro and might represent an useful tool in regenerative medicine. A first aim of the present study was to optimize culture conditions to promote the RA-induced neural differentiation of P19 cells. To this purpose, cell viability, morphology and functional activity after RA treatment have been evaluated. The results indicate that the formation of embryoid bodies from P19 cells is enhanced in presence of neuronal basal medium (NBM). Following a 48h-treatment with RA (10-6M), a massive neuronal differentiation was induced and, three-five days after the treatment, the P19 cells showed a clear expression of the neurofilament proteins NF-68 and NF-160, two markers of terminal neuronal differentiation, detected by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, 10 days after the treatment with RA, the functional activity of differentiated cells has been demonstrated by their ability to uptake [3H]GABA. Once experimental conditions favoring the RA-induced neuronal differentiation have been established, the expression of some proteins, such as protein kinase C 6 (PKCz), protein kinase C a (PKCa), extracellular signalregulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and caspase-3, at different times after RAtreatment,\ud has been investigated. Western blot and immunocytochemical studies indicate that RA-treatment induced direct or indirect changes of the levels of the proteins under investigation, thus suggesting a possible involvement of these proteins in the signal pathways associated with RA-induced differentiation in P19 cells. Taken together, the present results suggest that the reported culture conditions favor a rapid differentiation of neural stem cells from P19 cells, and contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms possibly involved in RA-induced neuronal differentiation. Thus, this approach could represent a reliable basis for studies of “regenerative therapy” of sensorineural hearing loss

'Res nullius'

Il presente contributo mira a ricostruire il regime delle 'res nullius' nel diritto romano, anche al fine di operare una distinzione rispetto alla categoria delle 'res nullius in bonis'. Partendo dai due ‘criteri guida’, vale a dire quello dell’attualità/possibilità dell’appartenenza e quello relativo al regime di appropriabilità, si giunge ad ammettere che le 'res nullius', rientrando nella più ampia categoria della 'res privatae', sarebbero state suscettibili di occupabilità: si tratta, infatti, di cose che, temporaneamente, erano sine domino (basti pensare, 'ex multis', agli animali selvatici come 'ferae bestiae', 'volucres', 'pisces', all’'insula in flumine nata' e all’'insula in mari nata'). Vengono poi prese in esame le problematiche sottese alla stessa nelle codificazioni di diritto vigente, ove si può rilevare come, anche al suo interno, il binomio ‘res nullius-occupabilità’ sia inscindibile

Sulla condizione giuridica del concepito, con speciale riguardo al procurato aborto

La tematica relativa all’aborto è sempre stata centrale nell’antichità e, in particolar modo, nel contesto romano, ove l’assetto giuridico viveva in perfetta sintonia con quello sociale e con la scienza medica. È proprio all’interno di siffatto contesto che sono emerse, sia nella produzione letteraria sia in quella giuridica, diverse accezioni per indicare il concepito, alle quali avrebbe fatto da contrappeso – sin da epoca assai remota – un regime sanzionatorio particolarmente duro verso la donna, considerata la sola e unica artefice cui addebitare la compromissione del desiderio paterno di filiazione; né deve stupire che già Plutarco e Dionigi di Alicarnasso avessero fatto rientrare il procurato aborto nel novero delle 'iustae causae repudii'. Esso avrebbe assunto, in progresso di tempo, rilievo pubblicistico, per poi essere stabilmente inserito tra i 'crimina extraordinaria', pur continuando a persistere la medesima finalità, vale a dire la repressione di una delle colpe reputate più odiose, insieme all’adulterio, di cui la donna potesse macchiarsi.The issue concerning abortion has always been very important in antiquity and, in particular, in the Roman context, where the legal framework lived in perfect harmony with the social framework and with medical science. It is exactly within this context that different meanings appeared, in both literary and legal production, to define the unborn, which would have been offset by a particularly harsh treatment, from the earliest times, towards the woman, who would have been considered the one and only author to whom the undermining of the paternal desire for filiation would have been charged. In fact, it is not surprising that Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus had already included procured abortion among the iustae causae repudii. Over time, it would take on public importance, and then be permanently included among the crimina extraordinaria, although the same purpose would continue to persist, i.e. the repression of one of the most odious offences, together with adultery, that women could be guilty o

Distribution of epigeic and hypogeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in ombrophilous forests in the Brazilian Amazon

In the Amazon basin, ants are often associated with environmental or edaphic factors. However, these associations may vary between the epigeic and hypogeic strata. Here, we investigated differences in richness and composition of epigeic and hypogeic ant assemblages along an environmental gradient in the Brazilian Amazon. The four studied sites cover different topographic and soil characteristics. We sampled 25 plots of 250 m2 using 10 samples of epigeic pitfalls and 10 samples of hypogeic pitfalls installed at two depths (10 and 30 cm). The pitfalls remained in the fi eld for 48 hours. In the same plots, soil clay content and terrain altitude were also measured. We collected 219 species or morphospecies, of which 14 were exclusively hypogeics. We found higher local richness in the epigeic compared to hypogeic assemblages. We also found an interaction between clay content and strata for ant species composition. Overall, the species turnover was related to clay content, but the eff ect depended on the strata, with hypogeic fauna being more heterogeneous, compared with epigeic fauna. Despite the relationship between clay content and ant´s assemblage’s composition, we did not find strong environment predictors for both strata, which suggests that other factors may structure ant assemblages in these sites. This reinforces the need for studies to defi ne which environmental gradiente determines the distribution of Amazonian epigeic and hypogeic ants

Studies on women as active subjects of crime in Roman law

La ricerca si prefigge di indagare sulla donna che commette reato nel corso dell’intera esperienza giuridica romana. Attraverso l’analisi delle fonti, con speciale riferimento a quelle letterarie, vengono analizzati i singoli illeciti in cui la donna stessa poteva assumere la qualifica di soggetto attivo, che danno luogo a un nutrito catalogo di fattispecie attinenti alla sfera sessuale, per quanto non manchino casi di maiestas e, più in generale, di cospirazione contro il principe. Nella presente ricerca si tenta dunque di investigare, proprio a partire dalla peculiare condizione riconosciuta alla donna all’interno della società romana, la sua dimensione ‘pubblica’, che sarebbe stata lesa con la commissione dell’illecito giacché la rea, in questo modo, avrebbe sovente compromesso un valore superindividuale, ossia la pudicitia. È proprio la lesione di siffatto principio, tale da assumere un ruolo centrale nel quadro dell’etica sessuale degli antichi romani, a giustificare la repressione degli illeciti femminili nella forma del crimen: non deve dunque meravigliare che la mulier, venuta meno all’onore familiare, sia sanzionata pubblicamente, potendosi intendere i reati dalla stessa commessi alla stregua di ‘attentati alla res publica’.The research aims to investigate the woman who commits a crime during the entire Roman legal experience. Through the analysis of the sources, with special reference to the literary ones, are analyzed the single illicit ones in which the woman herself could assume the qualification of active subject, which give rise to a large catalogue of cases related to the sexual sphere, although there are cases of ‘maiestas’ and, more generally, of conspiracy against the prince. In the present research, therefore, an attempt is made to investigate, starting from the particular condition recognized to women within Roman society, their ‘public’ dimension, which would have been damaged by the commission of the offence since the real, in this way, it would often compromise a superindividual value, namely modesty. It is precisely the violation of such a principle, such as to assume a central role in the sexual ethics of the ancient Romans, to justify the repression of female offences in the form of the crimen: it is therefore no wonder that the mulier, which has failed the family honour, is publicly sanctioned, being understood as crimes committed by the same as ‘attacks on the res publica’