2,320 research outputs found
The pion quasiparticle in the low-temperature phase of QCD
We investigate the properties of the pion quasiparticle in the
low-temperature phase of two-flavor QCD on the lattice with support from chiral
effective theory. We find that the pion quasiparticle mass is significantly
reduced compared to its value in the vacuum, by contrast with the static
screening mass, which increases with temperature. By a simple argument, near
the chiral limit the two masses are expected to determine the quasiparticle
dispersion relation. Analyzing two-point functions of the axial charge density
at non-vanishing spatial momentum, we find that the predicted dispersion
relation and the residue of the pion pole are simultaneously consistent with
the lattice data at low momentum. The test, based on fits to the correlation
functions, is confirmed by a second analysis using the Backus-Gilbert method.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure
Chiral dynamics in the low-temperature phase of QCD
We investigate the low-temperature phase of QCD and the crossover region with
two light flavors of quarks. The chiral expansion around the point in the temperature vs. quark-mass plane indicates that a sharp real-time
excitation exists with the quantum numbers of the pion. We determine its
dispersion relation and test the applicability of the chiral expansion. The
time-dependent correlators are also analyzed using the Maximum Entropy Method
(MEM), yielding consistent results. Finally, we test the predictions of
ordinary chiral perturbation theory around the point for the
temperature dependence of static observables. Around the crossover temperature,
we find that all quantities considered depend only mildly on the quark mass in
the considered range 8MeV 15MeV.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, talk presented at the 32nd International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2014), 23 - 28 June, 2014 Columbia
University New York, NY, US
Modeling sequential R&D investments: A binomial compound option approach
In this paper, we propose a binomial approach to modeling sequential R&D investments. More specifically, we present a compound real options approach, simplifying the existing valuation methodology. Based upon the same set of assumptions as prior models, we show that the number of computational steps for valuing any compound option can be reduced to a single step. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach using the real-world example of valuing a new drug application. Overall, our work provides a heuristic framework for fostering the adoption of binomial compound option valuation techniques in R&D management
Supernova Feedback in Molecular Clouds: Global Evolution and Dynamics
We use magnetohydrodynamical simulations of converging warm neutral medium
flows to analyse the formation and global evolution of magnetised and turbulent
molecular clouds subject to supernova feedback from massive stars. We show that
supernova feedback alone fails to disrupt entire, gravitationally bound,
molecular clouds, but is able to disperse small--sized (~10 pc) regions on
timescales of less than 1 Myr. Efficient radiative cooling of the supernova
remnant as well as strong compression of the surrounding gas result in
non-persistent energy and momentum input from the supernovae. However, if the
time between subsequent supernovae is short and they are clustered, large hot
bubbles form that disperse larger regions of the parental cloud. On longer
timescales, supernova feedback increases the amount of gas with moderate
temperatures (T~300-3000 K). Despite its inability to disrupt molecular clouds,
supernova feedback leaves a strong imprint on the star formation process. We
find an overall reduction of the star formation efficiency by a factor of 2 and
of the star formation rate by roughly factors of 2-4.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures (2 in appendix), revised version, submitted to
MNRA
Numerical simulation of growth of Escherichia coli in unsaturated porous media
A model for the aerobic and anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli (HB101 K12
pGLO) depending on the concentration of oxygen and DOC as substrate has been
developed based on laboratory batch experiments. Using inverse modelling to
obtain optimal sets of parameters, it could be shown that a model based on a
modified double Contois kinetic can predict cell densities, organic carbon
utilisation, oxygen transfer and utilisation rates for a large number of
experiments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with a single unique set of
parameters.
The model was extended to describe growth of E. coli in unsaturated porous
media, combining diffusion, phase exchange and microbiological growth.
Experiments in a Hele-Shaw cell, filled with quartz sand, were conducted to
study bacterial growth in the capillary fringe above a saturated porous medium.
Cell density profiles in the Hele-Shaw cell were predicted with the growth
model and the parameters from the batch experiments without any further
calibration. They showed a very good qualitative and quantitative agreement
with cell densities determined from samples taken from the Hele-Shaw cell by
re-suspension and subsequent counting. Thus it could be shown, that it is
possible to successfully transfer growth parameters from batch experiments to
porous media for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.Comment: Minor changes in conclusions, results unchange
Isospin breaking in pion-deuteron scattering and the pion-nucleon scattering lengths
In recent years, high-accuracy data for pionic hydrogen and deuterium have
become the primary source of information on the pion-nucleon scattering
lengths. Matching the experimental precision requires, in particular, the study
of isospin-breaking corrections both in pion-nucleon and pion-deuteron
scattering. We review the mechanisms that lead to the cancellation of
potentially enhanced virtual-photon corrections in the pion-deuteron system,
and discuss the subtleties regarding the definition of the pion-nucleon
scattering lengths in the presence of electromagnetic interactions by comparing
to nucleon-nucleon scattering. Based on the pi^{+/-} p channels we find for the
virtual-photon-subtracted scattering lengths in the isospin basis
a^{1/2}=(170.5 +/- 2.0) x 10^{-3} mpi^{-1} and a^{3/2}=(-86.5 +/- 1.8) x
10^{-3} mpi^{-1}.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings for the 7th International Workshop on
Chiral Dynamics, Newport News, Virginia, USA, August 6-10, 201
Egalitarian envy: Cross-cultural variation in the development of envy in children
While envy has been studied extensively in adults, the question how envy develops during childhood has not received much attention. To address this gap, we report the results of an artefactual field experiment that investigates and compares the prevalence and development of destructive envy in children aged seven to ten. The experiment took place in the children´s natural environment - their schools. We also checked for cultural variability of our results by conducting our study with German children and with children from a highly egalitarian society: the Eastern Penan of northern Borneo. We found that envious behavior was prevalent already at a young age, even when it was costly. An egalitarian upbringing did not appear to mitigate this prevalence. Furthermore, we found strong evidence of cultural variability in the development of envy in children. For instance, in contrast with the German sample, gender was not associated with envy in the Penan sample and the age pattern of envy differed across our two groups. Together, this suggests that there does not appear to be a straightforward relationship between the development of envy and the natural development of the human mind with age, e.g. through better mentalizing ability. Rather, the acquisition pattern of envy is modulated by socio-cultural context. Further research is needed to identify what, then, drives the development of envy during childhood
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