11 research outputs found

    SĂ©isme Ă  la Martinique. 29 novembre 2007. Le Marin. Endommagement d'une maison individuelle

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    Individual house in the Huvet district damaged during the earthquake of November 29, 2007 in Martinique : damage to posts and beams and cracking in a filler wall. Its frame is made of reinforced concrete with a masonry infill (bricks), dating from the late 1980s. The building is built on a rather soft ground with a significant slope. Its first floor is transparent to the first floor. The 1st and 2nd floors are also partially transparent. The dimensions of the building and its asymmetry make it a fragile construction. The architecture of this building has many flaws that increase the vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©Ì facing the seismic tremor. Very important damages have been noted, such as fine and wide cracks on the load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements, especially at the joints of beams, columns, walls or slabs. Numerous pieces of mortar and even collapses of partitions.The reinforcement of the columns, which are too few in number for earthquake-proof design, but which seem to be in accordance with what was practiced at the time of construction. It can be noted that they have jouĂ©Ì their role on this column and that only the cover concrete has burst.The damage suffered corresponds to a level 3 damage, the class of vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©Ì of the building has Ă©tĂ©Ì evaluated at B, taking into account the transparencies and asymmetry of the structure.This photo was taken during the field mission that took place from December 5 to 11 following the earthquake of November 29, 2007 in Martinique. This earthquake was of magnitude 7.4 (MW), its epicenter being located in the north of the island, at sea. The Marine located 65km from the epicenter and the intensity of the tremors felt is between VI and VII on the scale of intensitĂ©Ì European EMS-98.Martinique is, with Guadeloupe, classified in seismicity zone III (decree n°2007-1467 of October 12, 2007) which is the highest level of seismic hazard for the French territory. From the point of view of intensities, with a maximum intensity of VI-VII, the earthquake of November 29, 2007 is the most important one felt in Martinique since the earthquake of June 8, 1999 (intensity VII). Macro-seismic intensity reached (in order of distance from the epicenter) VI-VII in the communes of Sainte-Marie, La TrinitĂ©, Fort-de-France, Le François, Trois Ilets, Le Marin and Sainte-Anne. The analysis of this earthquake mobilized many people, research laboratories and technical centers. The French Central Seismological Office has prepared a report based on the data processed by the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Martinique of the IPGP. The macro-seismic data were collected thanks to the survey forms distributed to the town halls and gendarmerie services by the SIDPC of the prefectures of Martinique and Guadeloupe, thanks to the testimonies filed on the BCSF website and thanks to the information collected during the BCSF field survey that took place from December 5 to 11, 2007. The BCSF's mission is to collect data on the earthquakes felt in France, to gather useful information and to facilitate its dissemination to the actors concerned by the seismic risk or conducting studies or research requiring the use of these observations. It is a member of the Transversal Seismicity Action of the RĂ©sif research infrastructure (French Seismological and Geodetic Network).Maison individuelle du quartier Huvet endommagĂ©e lors du sĂ©isme du 29 novembre 2007 en Martinique : endommagement poteaux-poutres et fissuration dans un mur de remplissage. Son ossature est en bĂ©ton armé avec un remplissage en maçonnerie (briques), datant de la fin des annĂ©es 1980. Le bĂątiment est construit sur un terrain assez mou avec une pente importante. Son rez-de-chaussĂ©e est transparent au RC. Le 1er et le 2ème Ă©tage sont Ă©galement partiellement transparents. Les dimensions du bĂątiment et son asymĂ©trie en font une construction fragile. L'architecture de ce bĂątiment comporte de nombreuses malfaçons qui en augmente la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©Ì face à la secousse sismique. Des dommages trĂšs importants ont Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©s, tels que des fissures fines et larges sur les Ă©lĂ©ments porteurs et non porteurs, notamment aux joints de poutres poteaux, murs ou dalles. De nombreux morceaux de mortier et mĂȘme des effondrements de cloisons.Les armatures des poteaux qui sont en trop faible nombre pour un dimensionnement parasismique mais qui semblent conformes à ce qui se pratiquait à l'Ă©poque de construction. On peut noter qu'elles ont jouĂ©Ì leur rĂŽle sur ce poteau et que seul le bĂ©ton de couverture a Ă©clatĂ©.Les dĂ©gĂąts subis correspondent à un niveau 3 d'endommagement, la classe de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©Ì du bĂątiment a Ă©tĂ©Ì Ă©valuĂ©e à B, en tenant compte des transparences et de l’asymĂ©trie de la structure.Cette photo a Ă©tĂ© prise lors de la mission de terrain qui s'est dĂ©roulĂ©e du 5 au 11 dĂ©cembre suite au sĂ©isme du 29 novembre 2007 Ă  la Martinique. Ce sĂ©isme Ă©tait de magnitude 7.4 (MW), son Ă©picentre se situant au nord de l’üle, en mer. Le Marine situe Ă  65km de l’épicentre et l’intensitĂ© des secousses ressenties se situe entre VI et VII sur l’échelle d’intensitĂ©Ì europĂ©enne EMS-98.La Martinique est, avec la Guadeloupe, classĂ©e en zone de sismicitĂ© III (dĂ©cret n°2007-1467 du 12 octobre 2007) qui est le niveau d'alĂ©a sismique le plus Ă©levĂ© pour le territoire français. Du point de vue des intensitĂ©s, avec une intensitĂ© maximale de VI-VII, le sĂ©isme du 29 novembre 2007 est le plus important ressenti en Martinique depuis le sĂ©isme du 8 juin 1999 (intensitĂ© VII). L’intensitĂ© macrosismique a atteint (par ordre de distance à l'Ă©picentre) VI-VII dans les communes de Sainte-Marie, La TrinitĂ©, Fort-de-France, Le François, Trois Ilets, le Marin et Sainte-Anne. L’analyse de ce sĂ©isme a mobilisĂ© de nombreuses personnes, laboratoires de recherche et centres techniques. Le Bureau Central Sismologique Français a Ă©laborĂ© un rapport qui s’est appuyĂ© sur les donnĂ©es traitĂ©es par l’Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Martinique de l’IPGP. Les donnĂ©es macrosismiques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es grĂące aux formulaires d’enquĂȘte distribuĂ©s auprĂšs des mairies et des services de gendarmerie par le SIDPC des prĂ©fectures de Martinique et de Guadeloupe, grĂące aux tĂ©moignages dĂ©posĂ©s sur le site Internet du BCSF et grĂące aux informations recueillies lors de l’enquĂȘte BCSF sur le terrain qui s'est dĂ©roulĂ©e du 5 au 11 dĂ©cembre 2007. Le BCSF a pour mission de collecter les donnĂ©es sur les sĂ©ismes ressentis en France, de rassembler les informations utiles et de faciliter leur diffusion vers les acteurs concernĂ©s par le risque sismique ou menant des Ă©tudes ou recherches nĂ©cessitant l’usage de ces observations. Il est membre de l’Action transverse sismicitĂ© de l’infrastructure de recherche RĂ©sif (RĂ©seau sismologique et gĂ©odĂ©sique français)

    A review of historical lahars, floods, and landslides in the Precheur river catchment (Montagne Pelee volcano, Martinique island, Lesser Antilles)

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    International audienceThe Precheur river catchment belongs to the Montagne Pelee volcano massif located in the north of Martinique island, in the Lesser Antilles arc. In June 19-20, 2010 two high-discharge lahars overflowed and partially damaged the Precheur bridge, interrupting the road traffic for several days, and inundating part of the Abymes quarter. These non-eruptive, rain-triggered lahars were the consequence of the mobilization of loose volcanic material accumulated in the river bed by a massive landslide of the Samperre cliff that occurred on May 11, 2010. In order to improve lahar risk assessment for the Precheur river, we review the existing knowledge on lahars and floods for the period 1851-2011. We improved the database mainly on the basis of geophysical (seismic and acoustic) data for the most recent period (1980-present). We show that: (1) the largest event ever observed in Precheur is the eruption-related lahar of May 8, 1902 at 06:00 UTC, (2) high-discharge, non-eruptive lahars able to partially destroy or submerge the bridge occur every 10.3 years in average since 1950, (3) geophysical records show that there are more low magnitude lahars than previously recognized because witness accounts report the larger events and therefore filter out the smaller ones; by contrast geophysical instruments are able to detect both high and low magnitude events, (4) the recent paroxysms of 2009-2010 belong to a landslide-lahar crisis which started in 2004; the onset of the landslide-lahar crisis was unnoticed by the population due to the low magnitude of the events. The results of this compilation stress the importance of the presence of geophysical instrumentation sufficiently close to the river for monitoring small scale landslides and lahars. Indeed, these low magnitude events are likely to be unnoticed by the local population and therefore likely to be absent from the collective memory and local newspapers. However, they can inform about the imminence of more significant events, as observed in 1980 and 2010

    Seismic microzonations of municipalities in French West Indies

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    Spatial variability of ground motion may be explained by local soil conditions; it is the so-called "site effects". Site effects are responsible for increasing duration and important amplification of strong ground motion during earthquakes and must be considered as a key parameter in local seismic hazard assessment. French West Indies are prone to strong site effects because of a particular geology, characterized by soft soil deposits and strong alteration of volcanic deposits. In this framework, and considering that French West Indies are considered as a high seismicity level zone in the French building code, part of seismic hazard mitigation policy consists in technical studies to perform identification and mapping of zones characterized by homogeneous seismic response and quantification of associated ground motion. It is the aim of seismic microzonations. In this presentation, we will expose the methodology used on the scale of municipalities for mapping homogeneous seismic areas, based on a study of geological and geotechnical conditions and some geophysical testings. Then, a study of vulnerability of buildings allows to estimate the probability of damage on various sectors for a scenario of risk corresponding to the seismic microzonation

    Oral function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: A matched case-control study.

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    BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) develop swallowing difficulties with the progression of the disease. The present study aimed at comparing oral function and body composition between ALS patients and healthy controls, and at evaluating which parameters are the most discriminant between both groups. METHODS We included ALS patients at the start of their multidisciplinary follow-up at the Geneva University Hospitals and healthy age-, gender-, and dental status-matched adults. We assessed the severity of the disease through the ALS Functional Rating Scale and the swallowing difficulties through the EAT-10 score. We performed an intraoral examination of the dental status, and measured chewing performance, bite, lip and tongue force, saliva weight, and body composition. Group comparisons were performed with t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests as appropriate. Linear discriminant analysis was used to determine the most discriminant parameters between groups. RESULTS Twenty-six ALS patients (bulbar onset: n = 7, median (IQR) ALS Functional Rating Scale: 37 (11)) were included. The ALS patients had a significantly lower chewing performance (p < 0.001), lip force (p < 0.001), tongue force (p = 0.002), saliva weight (p < 0.004) and fat-free mass index (p < 0.001) as compared to the healthy individuals, and a higher EAT-10 score (p < 0.001). In ALS patients, a low chewing performance was correlated with a low bite (r = -0.45, p < 0.05)) and tongue force (r = -0.59, p < 0.05). The most discriminant parameters between both groups, by order of importance, were chewing performance, fat-free mass index and saliva weight and allowed the calculation of a discriminant function. CONCLUSION Compared to healthy controls, ALS patients have significant alterations of oral function and body composition. The most discriminant parameters between both groups were chewing performance, fat-free mass index and saliva volume. It remains to be demonstrated whether oral parameters predict outcome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01772888

    Livret-guide de l'Excursion GĂ©ologique de l’AGSO en MARTINIQUE, 19 au 25 avril 2020

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    International audienceL’objectif de cette excursion gĂ©ologique organisĂ©e par l’AGSO (Association des GĂ©ologues du Sud-Ouest) sur 7 jours est de dĂ©couvrir (ou redĂ©couvrir) quelques aspects du volcanisme de l’üle de la Martinique.La Martinique appartient Ă  l'arc volcanique des Petites Antilles qui rĂ©sulte de la subduction, toujours active, de la plaque Atlantique sous la plaque CaraĂŻbe. Ce volcanisme d'arc insulaire se caractĂ©rise par la production de magmas de chimisme calco-alcalin qui donnent lieu Ă  une activitĂ© Ă©ruptive effusive (coulĂ©es de laves andĂ©sitiques dominantes, et basaltiques subordonnĂ©es) et explosive (dĂŽmes et Ă©coulements pyroclastiques, coulĂ©es de ponces, dans lesquelles les compositions andĂ©sitiques Ă  dacitiques dominent). L'Ăźle de la Martinique (1080 kmÂČ) est essentiellement d'origine volcanique. Les formations volcaniques et volcano-sĂ©dimentaires y prĂ©dominent trĂšs largement, accompagnĂ©es de formations calcaires liĂ©es Ă  des Ă©pisodes de sĂ©dimentation marine restreinte aux pĂ©riodes de submersion. L'activitĂ© volcanique sous-marine initiale, qui a formĂ© le substratum de l'Ăźle, entrecoupĂ©e de phases de sĂ©dimentation calcaire, est devenue progressivement aĂ©rienne et a Ă©difiĂ© de grands ensembles volcaniques qui constituent les principaux reliefs actuels de la Martinique. L’histoire gĂ©ologique de la Martinique est complexe et se divise en trois grands cycles Ă©ruptifs qui sont respectivement liĂ©s aux activitĂ©s des arcs dits ancien, intermĂ©diaire et rĂ©cent.Ce livret-guide est organisĂ© en quatre parties. La premiĂšre partie prĂ©sente rapidement les caractĂ©ristiques des magmas, de leurs produits et la diversitĂ© des mĂ©canismes Ă©ruptifs qui accompagnent leur arrivĂ©e en surface. La seconde partie propose une synthĂšse gĂ©nĂ©rale sur le volcanisme associĂ© au contexte de la marge active des Petites Antilles. La troisiĂšme partie dĂ©taille les spĂ©cificitĂ©s de l’üle de la Martinique.La quatriĂšme partie, enfin, dresse l’inventaire des sites visitĂ©s chaque jour sur le terrain.Bon terrain

    SĂ©isme de Martinique, 29 novembre 2007. Rapport du BCSF : synthĂšse sismologique et Ă©tude macrosismique

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    Martinique is, with Guadeloupe, classified in seismicity zone III (decree n°2007-1467 of October 12, 2007) which is the highest level of seismic hazard for the French territory. From the point of view of intensities, with a maximum intensity of VI-VII, the earthquake of November 29, 2007 is the most important one felt in Martinique since the earthquake of June 8, 1999 (intensity VII). Macro-seismic intensity reached (in order of distance from the epicenter) VI-VII in the communes of Sainte-Marie, La TrinitĂ©, Fort-de-France, Le François, Trois Ilets, Le Marin and Sainte-Anne. The analysis of this earthquake mobilized many people, research laboratories and technical centers. The French Central Seismological Office has prepared a report based on the data processed by the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Martinique of the IPGP. The macro-seismic data were collected thanks to the survey forms distributed to the town halls and gendarmerie services by the SIDPC of the prefectures of Martinique and Guadeloupe, thanks to the testimonies filed on the BCSF website and thanks to the information collected during the BCSF field survey that took place from December 5 to 11, 2007. The BCSF's mission is to collect data on the earthquakes felt in France, to gather useful information and to facilitate its dissemination to the actors concerned by the seismic risk or conducting studies or research requiring the use of these observations. It is a member of the Transversal Seismicity Action of the RĂ©sif research infrastructure (French Seismological and Geodetic Network).La Martinique est, avec la Guadeloupe, classĂ©e en zone de sismicitĂ© III (dĂ©cret n°2007-1467 du 12 octobre 2007) qui est le niveau d'alĂ©a sismique le plus Ă©levĂ© pour le territoire français. Du point de vue des intensitĂ©s, avec une intensitĂ© maximale de VI-VII, le sĂ©isme du 29 novembre 2007 est le plus important ressenti en Martinique depuis le sĂ©isme du 8 juin 1999 (intensitĂ© VII). L’intensitĂ© macrosismique a atteint (par ordre de distance à l'Ă©picentre) VI-VII dans les communes de Sainte-Marie, La TrinitĂ©, Fort-de-France, Le François, Trois Ilets, le Marin et Sainte-Anne. L’analyse de ce sĂ©isme a mobilisĂ© de nombreuses personnes, laboratoires de recherche et centres techniques. Le Bureau Central Sismologique Français a Ă©laborĂ© un rapport qui s’est appuyĂ© sur les donnĂ©es traitĂ©es par l’Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Martinique de l’IPGP. Les donnĂ©es macrosismiques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es grĂące aux formulaires d’enquĂȘte distribuĂ©s auprĂšs des mairies et des services de gendarmerie par le SIDPC des prĂ©fectures de Martinique et de Guadeloupe, grĂące aux tĂ©moignages dĂ©posĂ©s sur le site Internet du BCSF et grĂące aux informations recueillies lors de l’enquĂȘte BCSF sur le terrain qui s'est dĂ©roulĂ©e du 5 au 11 dĂ©cembre 2007. Le BCSF a pour mission de collecter les donnĂ©es sur les sĂ©ismes ressentis en France, de rassembler les informations utiles et de faciliter leur diffusion vers les acteurs concernĂ©s par le risque sismique ou menant des Ă©tudes ou recherches nĂ©cessitant l’usage de ces observations. Il est membre de l’Action transverse sismicitĂ© de l’infrastructure de recherche RĂ©sif (RĂ©seau sismologique et gĂ©odĂ©sique français)

    Multidisciplinary care in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a 4-year longitudinal observational study

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    Over a four-year period, ALS patients complied with the modalities of the multidisciplinary management follow-up without any drop-outs. The multidisciplinary management structure also contributes to increasing the experience and knowledge of the clinicians involved in managing patients suffering from this rare disease
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