456 research outputs found
ASCA Discovery of an X-ray Pulsar in the Error Box of SGR1900+14
We present a 2 - 10 keV ASCA observation of the field around the soft gamma
repeater SGR1900+14. One quiescent X-ray source was detected in this
observation, and it was in the SGR error box. In 2 - 10 keV X-rays, its
spectrum may be fit by a power law with index -2.2, and its unabsorbed flux is
9.6 x 10^-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1. We also find a clear 5.16 s period. The properties
of the three well-studied soft gamma repeaters are remarkably similar to one
another, and provide evidence that all of them are associated with young,
strongly magnetized neutron stars in supernova remnants.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter
Efficiency of the Incomplete Enumeration algorithm for Monte-Carlo simulation of linear and branched polymers
We study the efficiency of the incomplete enumeration algorithm for linear
and branched polymers. There is a qualitative difference in the efficiency in
these two cases. The average time to generate an independent sample of
sites for large varies as for linear polymers, but as for branched (undirected and directed) polymers, where
. On the binary tree, our numerical studies for of order
gives . We argue that exactly in this
case.Comment: replaced with published versio
Energy Flow in the Cryptophyte PE545 Antenna Is Directed by Bilin Pigment Conformation
Structure-based calculations are combined with quantitative modeling of spectra and energy transfer dynamics to detemine the energy transfer scheme of the PE545 principal light-harvesting antenna of the cryptomonad Rhodomonas CS24. We use a recently developed quantum-mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method that allows us to account for pigment-protein interactions at atomic detail in site energies, transition dipole moments, and electronic couplings. In addition, conformational flexibility of the pigment-protein complex is accounted for through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We find that conformational disorder largely smoothes the large energetic differences predicted from the crystal structure between the pseudosymmetric pairs PEB50/61C-PEB50/61D and PEB82C-PEB82D. Moreover, we find that, in contrast to chlorophyll-based photosynthetic complexes, pigment composition and conformation play a major role in defining the energy ladder in the PE545 complex, rather than specific pigment-protein interactions. This is explained by the remarkable conformational flexibility of the eight bilin pigments in PE545, characterized by a quasi-linear arrangement of four pyrrole units. The MD-QM/MM site energies allow us to reproduce the main features of the spectra, and minor adjustments of the energies of the three red-most pigments DBV19A, DBV19B, and PEB82D allow us to model the spectra of PE545 with a similar quality compared to our original model (model E from Novoderezhkin et al. Biophys. J.2010, 99, 344), which was extracted from the spectral and kinetic fit. Moreover, the fit of the transient absorption kinetics is even better in the new structure-based model. The largest difference between our previous and present results is that the MD-QM/MM calculations predict a much smaller gap between the PEB50/61C and PEB50/61D sites, in better accord with chemical intuition. We conclude that the current adjusted MD-QM/MM energies are more reliable in order to explore the spectral properties and energy transfer dynamics in the PE545 complex
HST Observations of SGR 0526-66: New Constraints on Accretion and Magnetar Models
Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters (SGRs) are among the most enigmatic sources known
today. Exhibiting huge X- and Gamma-ray bursts and flares, as well as soft
quiescent X-ray emission, their energy source remains a mystery. Just as
mysterious are the Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), which share many of the same
characteristics. Thanks to recent Chandra observations, SGR 0526-66, the first
SGR, now appears to be a transition object bridging the two classes, and
therefore observations of it have implications for both SGRs and AXPs. The two
most popular current models for their persistent emission are accretion of a
fossil disk or decay of an enormous (~10^15 G) magnetic field in a magnetar. We
show how deep optical observations of SGR 0526-66, the only SGR with small
enough optical extinction for meaningful observations, show no evidence of an
optical counterpart. These observation place strong new constraints on both
accretion disk and magnetar models, and suggest that the spectral energy
distribution may peak in the hard-UV. Almost all accretion disks are excluded
by the optical data, and a magnetar would require a ~10^15-10^16 G field.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by Ap
Elizabeth Gaskell, 'North and South' : traducció i anàlisi
La idea principal d'aquest treball és traduir un capítol de l'obra North and South, d'Elizabeth Gaskell. Hem escollit un capítol (VII) que reflecteix l'estil narratiu de l'autora per tal d'analitzar-lo i contextualitzar l'obra dins d'un marc històric, cultural i social, que també ens serveix per entendre la vida de l'autora. Analitzem tant els problemes lingüístics del procés de traducció com les dificultats de documentació i de les diferències extralingüístiques (salt generacional, dialectologia, termes especialitzats, referents culturals, etc.). Finalment, completem el treball amb una proposta de traducció al català del capítol esmentat, sense oblidar-nos del comentari de traducció on s'hi troben exemples dels tipus de problemes que hem esmentat prèviamentLa finalidad de este trabajo es la traducción y el análisis de un capítulo (en concreto del capítulo VII) de la novela costumbrista de Elizabeth Gaskell North and SouthThe purpose of this project is the translation and the analysis of one chapter (chapter VII) from North and South, a costumbrist novel written by Elizabeth Gaskell, a Victorian write
Pathological elongation of the internal carotid artery: surgical treatment and immediate postoperative results
Scopul lucrării. În structura cauzelor dezvoltării insuficienței cerebrovasculare, elongarea patologică a arterei carotide interne ocupă
locul 2, după afectarea aterosclerotică. Prevalența dolicoarteriopatiei la populația generală se estimează a fi de la 10 la 40 %, iar de la
16% până la 56 % din pacienți au în anamnestic deficit neurologic tranzitor sau permanent. Scopul lucrării este optimizarea tehnicilor
chirurgicale și aprecierea eficienței postoperatorii imediate la pacienții cu elongare patologică a arterei carotide interne.
Materiale și metode. Studiul efectuat reprezintă o analiză retrospectivă a 243 pacienți, tratați în cadrul IMSP SCR ,,Timofei Moșneaga”,
secția de Chirurgie Vasculară în perioada 2002-2022.
Rezultate. La pacienții supuși studiului s-a efectuat 258 intervenții chirurgicale. Rezultatele imediate au fost: la 230 pacienți (89.14
%) a dispărut simptomatologia preoperatorie, AVC ischemic s-a înregistrat la 1 pacient, sindrom coronarian acut sau deces nu s-a
înregistrat la nici un pacient din lotul studiat.
Concluzii. Luând în considerare rata mică de complicații periprocedurale precum și eficacitatea postoperatorie imediată evidentă,
putem spune că intervenția chirurgicală în tratamentul elongărilor patologice ale arterelor carotide interne reprezintă o metoda sigură
și eficientă pentru prevenirea accidentelor vasculare cerebrale acute și îmbunătățirea calității vieții pacienților.Aim of study. Among the causes contributing to the development of cerebrovascular insufficiency, pathological elongation of the
internal carotid artery ranks second after atherosclerotic involvement. The prevalence of dolichoarteriopathy in the general population
is estimated to range from 10% to 40%, and between 16% and 56% of patients have a history of transient or permanent neurological
deficits. The aim of this study was to optimize surgical techniques and assess immediate postoperative efficacy in patients with
pathological elongation of the internal carotid artery.
Materials and methods. This study represents a retrospective analysis of 243 patients treated at the State Medical and Pharmaceutical
University "Timofei Moșneaga", Department of Vascular Surgery, between 2002 and 2022.
Results. A total of 258 surgical interventions were performed in the study group. The immediate results were as follows: symptomatology
disappeared in 230 patients (89.14%), one patient experienced an ischemic stroke, and no cases of acute coronary syndrome or death
were recorded among the studied patients.
Conclusions. Considering the low rate of periprocedural complications and the evident immediate postoperative effectiveness, it can
be concluded that surgical intervention for the treatment of pathological elongation of the internal carotid artery is a safe and efficient
method for preventing acute cerebrovascular accidents and improving the quality of life for patients
Two-Dimensional Polymers with Random Short-Range Interactions
We use complete enumeration and Monte Carlo techniques to study
two-dimensional self-avoiding polymer chains with quenched ``charges'' .
The interaction of charges at neighboring lattice sites is described by . We find that a polymer undergoes a collapse transition at a temperature
, which decreases with increasing imbalance between charges. At the
transition point, the dependence of the radius of gyration of the polymer on
the number of monomers is characterized by an exponent , which is slightly larger than the similar exponent for homopolymers. We
find no evidence of freezing at low temperatures.Comment: 4 two-column pages, 6 eps figures, RevTex, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Lattice Resistance to Dislocation Motion at the Nanoscale
In this letter we propose a model that demonstrates the effect of free
surface on the lattice resistance experienced by a moving dislocation in
nanodimensional systems. This effect manifests in an enhanced velocity of
dislocation due to the proximity of the dislocation line to the surface. To
verify this finding, molecular dynamics simulations for an edge dislocation in
bcc molybdenum are performed and the results are found to be in agreement with
the numerical implementations of this model. The reduction in this effect at
higher stresses and temperatures, as revealed by the simulations, confirms the
role of lattice resistance behind the observed change in the dislocation
velocity.Comment: 4 Figure
Strange Star Heating Events as a Model for Giant Flares of Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters
Two giant flares were observed on 5 March 1979 and 27 August 1998 from the
soft gamma-ray repeaters SGR 0526-66 and SGR 1900+14, respectively. The
striking similarity between these remarkable bursts strongly implies a common
nature. We show that the light curves of the giant bursts may be easily
explained in the model where the burst radiation is produced by the bare quark
surface of a strange star heated, for example, by impact of a massive
comet-like object.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Letter
Probing reflection from aerosols with the near-infrared dayside spectrum of WASP-80b
The presence of aerosols is intimately linked to the global energy budget and
the composition of a planet's atmospheres. Their ability to reflect incoming
light prevents energy from being deposited into the atmosphere, and they shape
spectra of exoplanets. We observed five near-infrared secondary eclipses of
WASP-80b with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) aboard the \textit{Hubble Space
Telescope} to provide constraints on the presence and properties of atmospheric
aerosols. We detect a broadband eclipse depth of \,ppm for WASP-80b.
We detect a higher planetary flux than expected from thermal emission alone at
, which hints toward the presence of reflecting aerosols on this
planet's dayside, indicating a geometric albedo of at 3. We
paired the WFC3 data with Spitzer data and explored multiple atmospheric models
with and without aerosols to interpret this spectrum. Albeit consistent with a
clear dayside atmosphere, we found a slight preference for near-solar
metallicities and for dayside clouds over hazes. We exclude soot haze formation
rates higher than g cms and tholin formation rates
higher than g cms at . We applied the same
atmospheric models to a previously published WFC3/Spitzer transmission spectrum
for this planet and found weak haze formation. A single soot haze formation
rate best fits both the dayside and the transmission spectra simultaneously.
However, we emphasize that no models provide satisfactory fits in terms of the
chi-square of both spectra simultaneously, indicating longitudinal
dissimilarity in the atmosphere's aerosol composition.Comment: Published in ApJ Letters (20 Oct 2023
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