Side effects of phenobarbital and carbamazepine in childhood epilepsy: randomised controlled trial

Objective: To compare the behavioural side effects associated with two commonly used antiepilepsy drugs--phenobarbital and carbamazepine--in children in Bangladesh. Design: Prospective randomised controlled single centre trial. Setting: Specialist children's hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants: 108 children aged 2-15 with generalised tonic-clonic (n=51) or partial and secondary generalised seizures (n=57). Main outcome measures: Seizure control and behavioural side effects. Results: 91 children were followed up for 12 months. Six required a change of antiepilepsy drug. Side effects were compared in 85 children. In the last quarter of the 12 month follow-up, 71 children were seizure free after one year's treatment. Thirty two in the phenobarbital group and 39 in the carbamazepine group had no seizures in 74 and 102 days after randomisation, respectively. Ten children had increased behavioural problems, which were unacceptable in four (one in the phenobarbital group and three in the carbamazepine group). Independent t tests, however, showed no difference between the two trial drugs. Conclusion: There was no excess in behavioural side effects with phenobarbital in children with epilepsy in a country with limited resources

A STUDY OF CHLOROPHYLLIN OF MEDICINAL PLANTS, ITS CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI–PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOLANUM TRILOBATUM L. ON LIVER CELL LINE

Objective: Plants are the richest source of bioactive compounds and they have been used as medicine also. Chlorophyllin (CHL) is water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll (chl) in which magnesium has been replaced with copper and the phytol chains lost. Chlorophyllin has been used by human population for over 50 y for medicinal purposes with no adverse effects. Chlorophyllin is a promising chemo preventive agent to block cancer primarily by inhibiting carcinogen such as AFB1. The objective was to extract the bioactive pigment chlorophyllin from medicinal plants and to study its anticarcinogenic property on liver cell lines.Methods: In the present study the bioactive pigment, chlorophyllin was extracted and estimated from six medicinal plant leaves and characterized by IR and NMR. Further, based on the high chlorophyllin content (12.21µg/ml), Solanum trilobatum L. was selected for the study of anticarcinogenic property against two types of cell lines: HepG2 cell lines (Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma) and Vero cell lines (African Green Monkey kidney).Results: It was found that the inhibitory effect of chlorophyllin was found on cancer cell lines (IC50 value at 48H was 62.5μg/ml) and absent on Vero cell lines. Standard chlorophyllin was used as control for all the studies.Conclusion: This is the first report on the effect of natural chlorophyllin from the leaves of Solanum trilobatum L. on HepG2 cell lines. The in vitro data suggests that the consumption of the leaves of Solanum trilobatum L. or as chlorophyllin may impart anticancer effects.Â

Permainan Kecil “Sunda Manda” Sebagai Alternatif Bermain Anak Usia Dini

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangan permainanan sebagai alternatif bermain dan mengenalkan permainan tradisional kepada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dari permainan kecil sunda manda. Permainan sunda manda merupakan permainan tradisional yang mempunyai manfaat untuk mengembangkan kemampuan fisik motorik. Melalui pendidikan jasmani di TK maka permainan ini sangat memungkinkan diterapkan, karena pendidikan jasmani merupakan bagian dari unsur pendidikan nasional. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah Pandak Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2013. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan ujicoba skala terbatas. FGD melibatkan pengawas TK/RA, kepala sekolah TK/RA, dan guru-guru TK/RA. Hasil penelitian berupa permainan sunda manda yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternativ permainan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan fisik motorik melompat atau meloncat. Bidang pengembangan permainan adalah peraturan dengan menyederhanakan peraturan dan mengubah tingkat kesulitan. Sedangkan untuk media dengan menyediakan media yang aman, menarik bagi anak usia dini

A CLINICAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE COMBINED EFFECT OF DADRUGHNA LEPA AND PITTAKUSTAHARA KASHAYA IN MANAGEMENT OF DADRU (TINEA)

Dadru is one among the Kushta described in the classical text books of Ayurveda which bears greater resemblance with Tinea or Ringworm Infection. It is the commonest single fungus group of infectious skin disorders found in unhygienic conditions of tropical and subtropical countries and most encountered in clinical practice. Unless properly treated they become chronic. Dadru is a disease where all the treatment modalities can be applied as per the requirement of the disease condition. Here in this study, patients diagnosed with Dadru were treated with Dadrughna Lepa externally and Pittaja Kustahara Kashaya internally for a period of 30 days and observations were recorded. Methods: 50 patients fulfilling the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were considered for this single group study of 30 days for each patient. Periodical assessment done during the course of treatment and observations recorded as per case proforma. The data collected during study were Statistical analysed and resultant overall effect of therapy is noted. Results: As a result, Out of 50 patients, highly significant results (p< 0.05) were obtained with respect to Kandu (Itching) (i.e. 75.61%), Raga (Redness)(79.61%), Daha (Burning sensation)(83.12%), Pidaka (Eruption) (84.21%), Rookshata (Dryness)(53.66%), Udgata Mandala (elevated lesion) (71.43%), Size and No. of Lesions (67.82%). Discussion: Out of 50 patients, 2 patients (4%) were getting No improvement, 4 patients (8%) observed to have Mild improvement, 16 patients (32%) were observed with Moderate improvement and 28 patients (56%) with Marked Improvement. Overall effect of the treatment observed is 75.25%

Exploration of Feminism in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s The Mistress of Spices

In order to develop an identity, several Indian women novelists have given their Female subjectivity. Representation of Psychological Exploration of Women is a major thematic element in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's novel. Although feminism is a recurring subject in her works, she explores it via fragmentation. To demonstrate the prevalence of psychological feelings of women in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's writing, I conduct an exhaustive textual investigation of her first fulllength book, The Mistress of Spices (1997), in this paper. In 2005, the film "The Mistress of Spices" was based on this novel. She hopes that readers of her work would consider the female characters from a feminist perspective

A STUDY ON THE MAGNITUDE OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN SUN AND RANBAXY MERGER

Sun Pharmaceutical is a trailblazer in Indian pharmaceutical sector, and one of the foremost competitors in the generic drug market sets its eye onRanbaxy. Sun pharmacy which was established in 1983 listed from 1994 has its upper hand in product development. Ranbaxy was incorporated in1973, and Daiichi Sankyo, a Japanese firm, got a controlling share from 2008. This amalgamation between Sun Pharmacy and Ranbaxy would get profitable transaction for the former. The process of the coalition was a cloak and dagger affair until April 6, 2014. Before mergers and acquisitions, a company has to create an urgency call among the employees which will result in better understanding of the whole scenario. The aspects are about how financial motives and non-financial motives play a major role in mergers. This case deals with the human resource issues and complexities faced by the two players in the same business.Keywords: Merger, Acquisition, Change management, Human resource, Employee engagement, Corporate strategy

Epiphany of cultural identity and hybridity in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's Queen of Dreams

As a cultural process, hybridity binds together many nationalities and their family traditions. Divakaruni successfully mixes the familial rituals of Asian American immigrants with the new surroundings in that scenario. In this paper, the researcher has investigated and exposed the manifestations of cultural identity and hybridity. This article investigates the role of immigrant women in cultural ethics and shows how their straddled culture constrains the three cultural identities in Divakaruni's novel Queen of Dreams: suppressed Indian, colonial European, and new world Americans. The existence of these three cultural identities confers a diasporic identity to Indians. These characteristics indicate their rootlessness and identification with the host country's culture and customs. In this novel, Divakaruni has merged ancient history with the aspirations of an occidental civilization. Rakhi speaks up against the mental anguish, cultural isolation, and identity crisis of India's displaced people. She tries to fit in with new cultures. The idea of immigrant strife infuses most of Divakaruni's work, a battle between acquired and accepted cultural norms

Revealing the Underlying Insights on the Use of Social Media by Foreign Students—A Qualitative Approach

Student retention’s strategy has been key interest of Universities worldwide in line with its potential benefits in improving the University’s image besides contributing to the improvement in the institution’s financial performance. Recent communication technologies which are known for their ability to reaching the target market have gradually nullified the utilization of the traditional advertising tools. Of these communication technologies, education institutions are gradually embracing the social media in order to leverage its potential benefits. Review on the past studies reveals that there is an abundant of quantitative researches which investigated the use of social media by university’s students where limited focus was on the qualitative approach. This study intended to explore the underlying insights on the use of social media by carrying out semi-structured interviews among foreign students of the private higher education institutions located in Klang Valley, Malaysia. This study found that utilization of social media, quality information, usage influences and students’ engagement are the four important themes pertaining to the use of social media discovered from the interview sessions conducted. This study also provides several implications for both practitioners and academics