43 research outputs found
Rendement et Composition Chimique du Tourteau de Tetracarpidium conophorum (MĂŒll. Arg.) Hutch. & Dalz Produit par Pression MĂ©canique et Hydrodistillation
Les tourteaux, principales sources de protĂ©ines vĂ©gĂ©tales, sont les sous-produits de lâusinage des graines traitĂ©es pour en extraire lâhuile selon les techniques de pressage Ă chaud et dâextraction par les solvants. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait de produire le tourteau de Tetracarpidium conophorum et Ă©valuer son rendement et sa composition chimique par deux techniques de production : la presse mĂ©canique et la mĂ©thode dâhydrodistillation. Le rendement du tourteau Ă partir du broyat a Ă©tĂ© de : 73,63% et 72,50% respectivement pour la presse mĂ©canique et lâhydrodistillation. (P> 0,05). Quant Ă la composition physico-chimique du tourteau, les diffĂ©rences significatives ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es (p<0,05) en faveur de la mĂ©thode par presse mĂ©canique notamment sur la MS (91,10% contre 97,63%) ; lipides (10,78% contre 14,46%) ; protĂ©ines brutes (24,63% contre 43,75%) ; calcium (1,94% contre 3,17%) ; phosphore (0,46% contre 0,85%). La faible composition chimique du tourteau en protĂ©ines brutes du tourteau produit par hydrodistillation par rapport Ă celle du tourteau produit par pression mĂ©canique suscite la maitrise de la tempĂ©rature de lâeau.
Oil cakes are by-products of seeds treated to extract oil by using many ways. The objective of the present study was to produce the oil cake of Tetracarpidium conophorum and to evaluate its yield and their chemical composition by two techniques of production mainly the pressure in cold and the hydrodistillation methods. There was no significant difference in yield in both techniques used. (P> 0, 05). Whereas, chemical composition was significantly higher in oil cake produced by using pressure in cold than by hydrodistillation mainly (p<0,05) the DM (91,10% versus 63%); lipids (10,78% vs 14,46%); crude proteins (24,63% vs 43,75%); calcium (1,94% vs 3,17%); phosphorus (0,46% vs 0,85%). The lower chemical composition of the crude protein oil cake produced by hydrodistillation compared to that of the oil cake produced by cold pressures may be due to the uncontrolled temperature of the water during the process of delipidation.  
Rendement et Composition Chimique du Tourteau de Tetracarpidium conophorum (MĂŒll. Arg.) Hutch. & Dalz Produit par Pression MĂ©canique et Hydrodistillation
Les tourteaux, principales sources de protĂ©ines vĂ©gĂ©tales, sont les sous-produits de lâusinage des graines traitĂ©es pour en extraire lâhuile selon les techniques de pressage Ă chaud et dâextraction par les solvants. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait de produire le tourteau de Tetracarpidium conophorum et Ă©valuer son rendement et sa composition chimique par deux techniques de production: la presse mĂ©canique et la mĂ©thode dâhydrodistillation. . Le rendement du tourteau Ă partir du broyat a Ă©tĂ© de : 73,63% et 72,50% respectivement pour la presse mĂ©canique et lâhydro distillation. (P> 0,05). Quant Ă la composition physico-chimique du tourteau, les diffĂ©rences significatives ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es (p<0,05) en faveur de la mĂ©thode par presse mĂ©canique notamment sur la MS (91,10% contre 97,63%) ; lipides (10,78% contre 14,46%) ; protĂ©ines brutes (24,63% contre 43,75%) ; calcium (1,94% contre 3,17%) ; phosphore (0,46% contre 0,85%). La faible composition chimique du tourteau en protĂ©ines brutes du tourteau produit par hydro distillation par rapport Ă celle du tourteau produit par presse mĂ©canique suscite la maitrise de la tempĂ©rature de lâeau.
Oil cakes are by- products of seeds treated to extract oil by using many ways. The objective of the present study was to produce the oil cake of Tetracarpidium conophorum and to evaluate its yield and their chemical composition by two techniques of production mainly the pressure in cold and the hydrodistillation methods. There was no significant difference in yield in both techniques used. (P> 0, 05). Whereas, chemical composition were significantly higher in oil cake produced by using pressure in cold than by hydrodistillation mainly (p<0,05) the DM (91,10% versus 63%); lipids (10,78% vs 14,46%); crude proteins (24,63% vs 43,75%); calcium (1,94% vs 3,17%); phosphorus (0,46% vs 0,85%). The lower chemical composition of the crude protein oil cake produced by hydro distillation compared to that of the oil cake produced by cold pressures may due to the uncontrolled of the temperature of water during the process of delipidation.  
Rendement et Composition Chimique du Tourteau de Tetracarpidium conophorum (MĂŒll. Arg.) Hutch. & Dalz Produit par Pression MĂ©canique et Hydrodistillation
Les tourteaux, principales sources de protĂ©ines vĂ©gĂ©tales, sont les sous-produits de lâusinage des graines traitĂ©es pour en extraire lâhuile selon les techniques de pressage Ă chaud et dâextraction par les solvants. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait de produire le tourteau de Tetracarpidium conophorum et Ă©valuer son rendement et sa composition chimique par deux techniques de production: la presse mĂ©canique et la mĂ©thode dâhydrodistillation. . Le rendement du tourteau Ă partir du broyat a Ă©tĂ© de : 73,63% et 72,50% respectivement pour la presse mĂ©canique et lâhydro distillation. (P> 0,05). Quant Ă la composition physico-chimique du tourteau, les diffĂ©rences significatives ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es (p<0,05) en faveur de la mĂ©thode par presse mĂ©canique notamment sur la MS (91,10% contre 97,63%) ; lipides (10,78% contre 14,46%) ; protĂ©ines brutes (24,63% contre 43,75%) ; calcium (1,94% contre 3,17%) ; phosphore (0,46% contre 0,85%). La faible composition chimique du tourteau en protĂ©ines brutes du tourteau produit par hydro distillation par rapport Ă celle du tourteau produit par presse mĂ©canique suscite la maitrise de la tempĂ©rature de lâeau.
Oil cakes are by- products of seeds treated to extract oil by using many ways. The objective of the present study was to produce the oil cake of Tetracarpidium conophorum and to evaluate its yield and their chemical composition by two techniques of production mainly the pressure in cold and the hydrodistillation methods. There was no significant difference in yield in both techniques used. (P> 0, 05). Whereas, chemical composition were significantly higher in oil cake produced by using pressure in cold than by hydrodistillation mainly (p<0,05) the DM (91,10% versus 63%); lipids (10,78% vs 14,46%); crude proteins (24,63% vs 43,75%); calcium (1,94% vs 3,17%); phosphorus (0,46% vs 0,85%). The lower chemical composition of the crude protein oil cake produced by hydro distillation compared to that of the oil cake produced by cold pressures may due to the uncontrolled of the temperature of water during the process of delipidation.  
Evaluation de la Substitution Partielle du Tourteau de Glycine max (L.) Merr (Soja) par le Tourteau de la Pulpe de Dacryodes edulis (Safou) H.J. Lam. (1932) dans lâAlimentation des Poules Pondeuses au Congo-Brazzaville
La substitution du tourteau de soja par des intrants locaux est souvent proposĂ©e comme une alternative dans lâamĂ©lioration de la productivitĂ© avicole. Pour tester cette hypothĂšse, le tourteau de la pulpe de Dacryodes edulis a Ă©tĂ© expĂ©rimentĂ© chez des poules pondeuses ĂągĂ©es de 24 semaines. LâĂ©tude avait pour but de substituer partiellement le tourteau de soja par le tourteau de la pulpe de Dacryodes edulis Ă 7 % dans lâalimentation des poules pondeuses. Au cours de cette Ă©tude, un Ă©chantillon de 60 poules pondeuses avait Ă©tĂ© rĂ©parti en deux lots ; le tourteau de Dacryodes edulis a Ă©tĂ© incorporĂ© Ă 7 % dans le premier lot et le second groupe a servi de tĂ©moin. Les deux groupes ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s sur des paramĂštres zootechniques et Ă©conomiques. Le traitement a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement (p< 0,05), lâefficacitĂ© alimentaire (4,03 contre 3,11) quoi quâon ait observĂ© une baisse de la consommation volontaire dâaliment et dâeau respectivement de 16,7 % et 17,4%. De mĂȘme, lâincorporation du tourteau de la pulpe de Dacryodes edulis Ă 7% a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement la ponte, en lâoccurrence le nombre moyen dâĆufs pondus par poule (43,12 contre 46,62), le poids moyen de lâĆuf (54,41 g contre 56,48 g), le taux de ponte au pic de ponte, (71,42% contre 74,30%) et la production des Ćufs commercialisables (744 Ćufs contre 876 Ćufs). Sur le plan Ă©conomique, le traitement a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement le coĂ»t de revient du kg dâaliment (299, 82 FCFA contre 275,95 FCFA), le prix de production de lâĆuf (95,17 FCFA contre 68,10 FCFA). L'hypothĂšse formulĂ©e au dĂ©but de cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© vĂ©rifiĂ©e. Lâincorporation du tourteau de la pulpe de Dacryodes edulis dans lâalimentation des poules pondeuses est une alternative en aviculture fermiĂšre. Cette Ă©tude ouvre des perspectives intĂ©ressantes en arboriculture fruitiĂšre et en aviculture fermiĂšre au Congo.
Substitution of soybean or meal cake with local inputs is often proposed as an alternative to improving poultry productivity. To test this hypothesis, Dacryodes edulis cake were tested in 24-week-old laying hens. The aim of the study was to partially replace soybean cake with Dacryodes edulis pulp residues at 7% in the diet of laying hens. During this study, a sample of 60 laying hens was divided into two groups; Dacryodes edulis cake was incorporated at 7% in the first batch and the second group served as a control. The two groups were compared on zootechnical and economic parameters. The treatment significantly (p<0.05) improved feed efficiency (4.03 versus 3.11), although a drop in voluntary food and water consumption of 16.7 was observed respectively. % and 17.4%. Likewise, the incorporation of Dacryodes edulis pulp cake at 7% significantly improved laying, in this case, the average number of eggs laid per hen (43.12 versus 46.62), the average weight of the egg (54.41 g versus 56.48 g), the laying rate at peak laying (71.42% versus 74.30%) and the production of marketable eggs (744 eggs versus 876 eggs). Concerning the economic level, the treatment significantly improved the cost per kg of food (299.82 FCFA vs 275.95 FCFA), and the production price of the egg (95.17 FCFA vs 68.10 FCFA). The hypothesis formulated at the beginning of this study was verified. Incorporating residues of Dacryodes edulis seeds or cake into the feed of laying hens is an alternative in free-range poultry farming. This study points to interesting perspectives on fruit cultivation and poultry farming in Congo
Effet de la Substitution Partielle du Tourteau de Glycine max (L.) Merr (Soja) par le Tourteau de la Pulpe de Dacryodes edulis (Safou) H.J. Lam. (1932) dans lâAlimentation des Poules Pondeuses au Congo-Brazzaville
La substitution des rĂ©sidus de graines de soja ou tourteau par des intrants locaux est souvent proposĂ©e comme une alternative dans lâamĂ©lioration de la productivitĂ© avicole. Pour tester cette hypothĂšse, les rĂ©sidus de la pulpe de Dacryodes edulis a Ă©tĂ© expĂ©rimentĂ© chez des poules pondeuses ĂągĂ©es de 24 semaines. LâĂ©tude avait pour but de substituer partiellement les rĂ©sidus de soja par les rĂ©sidus de la pulpe de Dacryodes edulis Ă 7 % dans lâalimentation des poules pondeuses. Au cours de cette Ă©tude, un Ă©chantillon de 60 poules pondeuses avait Ă©tĂ© rĂ©parti en deux lots ; les rĂ©sidus de Dacryodes edulis a Ă©tĂ© incorporĂ© Ă 7 % dans le premier lot et le second groupe a servi de tĂ©moin. Les deux groupes ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s sur des paramĂštres zootechniques et Ă©conomiques. Le traitement a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement (p< 0,05), lâefficacitĂ© alimentaire (4,03 contre 3,11) quoi quâon ait observĂ© une baisse de la consommation volontaire dâaliment et dâeau respectivement de 16,7 % et 17,4%. De mĂȘme, lâincorporation des rĂ©sidus de la pulpe de Dacryodes edulis Ă 7% a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement la ponte, en lâoccurrence le nombre moyen dâĆufs pondus par poule (43,12 contre 46,62), le poids moyen de lâĆuf (54,41 g contre 56,48 g), le taux de ponte au pic de ponte, (71,42% contre 74,30%) et la production des Ćufs commercialisables (744 Ćufs contre 876 Ćufs). Sur le plan Ă©conomique, le traitement a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement le coĂ»t de revient du kg dâaliment (299, 82 FCFA contre 275,95 FCFA), le prix de production de lâĆuf (95,17 FCFA contre 68,10 FCFA). L'hypothĂšse formulĂ©e au dĂ©but de cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© vĂ©rifiĂ©e. Lâincorporation des rĂ©sidus des graines ou tourteau de Dacryodes edulis dans lâalimentation des poules pondeuses est une alternative en aviculture fermiĂšre. Cette Ă©tude ouvre des perspectives intĂ©ressantes en arboriculture fruitiĂšre et en aviculture fermiĂšre au Congo.
Substitution of soybean or meal residue with local inputs is often proposed as an alternative in improving poultry productivity. To test this hypothesis, Dacryodes edulis residues were tested in 24-week-old laying hens. The aim of the study was to partially replace soybean residues with Dacryodes edulis pulp residues at 7% in the diet of laying hens. During this study, a sample of 60 laying hens was divided into two groups; Dacryodes edulis residues were incorporated at 7% in the first batch and the second group served as a control. The two groups were compared on zootechnical and economic parameters. The treatment significantly (p<0.05) improved feed efficiency (4.03 versus 3.11), although a drop in voluntary food and water consumption of 16.7 was observed respectively. % and 17.4%. Likewise, the incorporation of Dacryodes edulis pulp residues at 7% significantly improved laying, in this case the average number of eggs laid per hen (43.12 versus 46.62), the average weight of the egg (54.41 g versus 56.48 g), the laying rate at peak laying (71.42% versus 74.30%) and the production of marketable eggs (744 eggs versus 876 eggs). Concerning the economic level, the treatment significantly improved the cost per kg of food (299.82 FCFA vs 275.95 FCFA), the production price of the egg (95.17 FCFA vs 68.10 FCFA) . The hypothesis formulated at the beginning of this study was verified. Incorporating residues of Dacryodes edulis seeds or cake into the feed of laying hens is an alternative in free-range poultry farming. This study points interesting perspectives in fruit cultivation and oultry farming in Congo
Evaluation des Doses Variables du Miel Local de Apis Mellifera adansonii Latr. 1789 du Congo sur les Performances Zootechniques des Poulets de Chair standard
Le miel est un produit qui renferme des propriĂ©tĂ©s nutritives susceptibles de stimuler les performances zootechniques des volailles. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le taux dâincorporation optimal du miel dans les rations des poulets de chair. Un Ă©chantillon de 105 poussins de chair a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©parti en trois lots de 35 sujets (tĂ©moin, traitĂ© 1 et traitĂ© 2).Chaque lot a Ă©tĂ© ensuite subdivisĂ© en 5 rĂ©pĂ©titions de 7 sujets chacun. Les lots traitĂ©s 1 et 2 ont reçu des doses du miel dans la ration alimentaire respectivement au dĂ©marrage 0,5% et 1%, en croissance 1% et 2% et en finition 1% et 4%. Le premier lot a servi de tĂ©moin. Les lots ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s sur les variables de la croissance pondĂ©rale. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© au cours de la phase de dĂ©marrage une amĂ©lioration significative (P < 0,05) de la consommation volontaire des aliments (30,5 g contre 34,8 g), du GMQ (22,7 g/jour contre 23,4 g/ jour), lâIC (1,3 contre 1,4) et le poids vif Ă 14 jours (359g contre 377 g). Par contre au cours de la phase de croissance, aucune diffĂ©rence significative nâa Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e dans la ration contenant 1% de miel. En revanche pendant la phase de finition, une amĂ©lioration significative a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e sur tous les paramĂštres Ă©tudiĂ©s. Cette Ă©tude suggĂšre lâutilisation du miel Ă la dose de 0,5% pendant les phases de dĂ©marrage et de croissance et Ă 1% au cours de la phase de finition.
Honey is a natural bee product containing nutritional properties able to stimulate the performance of poultry. The study aimed to determine the optimal rate of honey in the diets of broiler. A sample of 105 chicks has been randomized and then divided into three groups of 35 chicks each (One control and two treated groups). Then each group was then divided in 5 replicates of 7 chicks. The treated groups received doses of honey at the starting 0.5% and 1%, in growing 1% and 2% finally in finishing stage 1% and 4% respectively. Groups were compared on the growth parameters. The results showed that during the starting stage, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed on feed intake (30.5g vs 34.8g), DWG (22.7g per day vs 23.4g per day), feed efficiency (1.3 vs 1.4) and body live weight (359 vs 377g at 14 days). However, during the growing stage, no significant difference was observed on feed containing 1% of honey. Moreover, during the finishing stage, all the studied parameters were improved by honey at 1%. Therefore, the present study indicated the useful of honey at 0.5% during the starting and growing stages while 1% may be used during the finishing stag
Evaluation des Doses Variables du Miel Local de Apis Mellifera Adansonii Latr. 1789 dans les Rations des Poulets de Chair
Le miel est un produit renfermant des propriĂ©tĂ©s nutritives susceptibles de stimuler les performances zootechniques des volailles. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le taux dâincorporation optimal du miel dans les rations des poulets de chair. Un Ă©chantillon de 105 poussins de chair a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©parti en trois lots de 35 sujets et chaque lot subdivisĂ© en 5 rĂ©pĂ©titions de 7 sujets. Les lots traitĂ©s 1 et le traitĂ© 2 ont reçu des doses du miel dans la ration alimentaire respectivement au dĂ©marrage 0,5% et 1%, en croissance 1% et 2% et en finition 1% et 4%. Le premier lot a servi de tĂ©moin. Les lots ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s sur les variables de croissance pondĂ©rale. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© au cours de la phase de dĂ©marrage une amĂ©lioration significative (P < 0,05) sur la consommation volontaire des aliments (30,5g contre 34,8g), du GMQ (22,7 g/jour contre 23,4g/ jour), lâIC (1,3 contre 1,4)et le poids vif Ă 14 jours (359g contre 377g).Par contre au cours de lĂ phase de croissance, aucune diffĂ©rence significative nâa Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e dans la ration contenant 1% de miel. En revanche pendant la phase de finition, une amĂ©lioration significative a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e sur tous les paramĂštres Ă©tudiĂ©s. Cette Ă©tude suggĂšre lâutilisation du miel Ă la dose de 0,5% pendant les phases de dĂ©marrage et de croissance et Ă 1% au cours de la phase de finition.
Honey is a natural bee product containing nutritional properties able to stimulate the performance of poultry. The study aimed to determine the optimal rate of honey in the rations of broiler. A sample of 105 chicks has been randomized and then divided into three groups of 35 chicks each (One control and two treated groups). Then each group was then divided in 5 replicates of 7 chicks. The treated groups received doses of honey at the starting 0.5% and 1%, in growing 1% and 2% finally in finishing stage 1% and 4% respectively. Groups were compared on the growth parameters. The results showed that during the starting stage, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed on feed intake (30.5g vs 34.8g), DWG (22.7g per day vs 23.4g per day), feed efficiency (1.3 vs 1.4) and body live weight (359 vs 377g at 14 days). However, during the growing stage, no significant difference was observed on feed containing 1% of honey. Moreover, during the finishing stage, all the studied parameters were improved by honey at 1%.Therefore, the present study indicated the useful of honey at 0.5% during the starting and growing stages while 1% may be used during the finishing stage
Evaluation des Doses Variables du Miel Local de Apis Mellifera Adansonii Latr. 1789 dans les Rations des Poulets de Chair
Le miel est un produit renfermant des propriĂ©tĂ©s nutritives susceptibles de stimuler les performances zootechniques des volailles. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le taux dâincorporation optimal du miel dans les rations des poulets de chair. Un Ă©chantillon de 105 poussins de chair a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©parti en trois lots de 35 sujets et chaque lot subdivisĂ© en 5 rĂ©pĂ©titions de 7 sujets. Les lots traitĂ©s 1 et le traitĂ© 2 ont reçu des doses du miel dans la ration alimentaire respectivement au dĂ©marrage 0,5% et 1%, en croissance 1% et 2% et en finition 1% et 4%. Le premier lot a servi de tĂ©moin. Les lots ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s sur les variables de croissance pondĂ©rale. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© au cours de la phase de dĂ©marrage une amĂ©lioration significative (P < 0,05) sur la consommation volontaire des aliments (30,5g contre 34,8g), du GMQ (22,7 g/jour contre 23,4g/ jour), lâIC (1,3 contre 1,4)et le poids vif Ă 14 jours (359g contre 377g).Par contre au cours de lĂ phase de croissance, aucune diffĂ©rence significative nâa Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e dans la ration contenant 1% de miel. En revanche pendant la phase de finition, une amĂ©lioration significative a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e sur tous les paramĂštres Ă©tudiĂ©s. Cette Ă©tude suggĂšre lâutilisation du miel Ă la dose de 0,5% pendant les phases de dĂ©marrage et de croissance et Ă 1% au cours de la phase de finition.
Honey is a natural bee product containing nutritional properties able to stimulate the performance of poultry. The study aimed to determine the optimal rate of honey in the rations of broiler. A sample of 105 chicks has been randomized and then divided into three groups of 35 chicks each (One control and two treated groups). Then each group was then divided in 5 replicates of 7 chicks. The treated groups received doses of honey at the starting 0.5% and 1%, in growing 1% and 2% finally in finishing stage 1% and 4% respectively. Groups were compared on the growth parameters. The results showed that during the starting stage, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed on feed intake (30.5g vs 34.8g), DWG (22.7g per day vs 23.4g per day), feed efficiency (1.3 vs 1.4) and body live weight (359 vs 377g at 14 days). However, during the growing stage, no significant difference was observed on feed containing 1% of honey. Moreover, during the finishing stage, all the studied parameters were improved by honey at 1%.Therefore, the present study indicated the useful of honey at 0.5% during the starting and growing stages while 1% may be used during the finishing stage
Evaluation de lâAlimentation SĂ©quentielle Ă Base dâune Ration Contenant des Feuilles de Manioc Post -RĂ©colte (Manihot esculenta) sur les Performances Zootechniques des Poulets de Chair Standard en Finition
AprĂšs la rĂ©colte des tubercules, les feuilles de manioc sont abandonnĂ©es dans les champs. Elles sont une source en protĂ©ines brutes en alimentation sĂ©quentielle chez la volaille. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer les performances des poulets de chair nourris avec un aliment Ă base de ces feuilles dans un mode de distribution sĂ©quentiel. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un Ă©chantillon de 60 poulets de la souche COBB 500 ĂągĂ©s de 26 jours a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©parti en deux lots (tĂ©moin et traitĂ©). Les oiseaux du lot tĂ©moin ont Ă©tĂ© nourris avec un aliment contenant 5 % de farine de manioc servi dans une seule mangeoire alors que ceux du lot traitĂ© ont reçu dans une premiĂšre mangeoire les ingrĂ©dients riches en Ă©nergie et dans une seconde mangeoire des Ă©lĂ©ments riches en protĂ©ines brutes et en minĂ©raux. Les deux mangeoires ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©es dans le poulailler Ă un intervalle de 4 heures. Le traitement nâa induit aucune mortalitĂ© et nâ a pas affectĂ© le poids vif final. Cependant, lâalimentation sĂ©quentielle a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement (p Ë 0,05) la consommation dâeau en S6 (680ml/sujet vs780ml), et la consommation des feuilles de manioc en fin dâexpĂ©rimentation (9,4g/sujet vs 11,20g) Lâalimentation sĂ©quentielle a Ă©galement amĂ©liorĂ© le GMQ final (38g/jour vs 61g) et lâindice de consommation final (4,8 vs 3,11). LâĂ©conomie des matiĂšres azotĂ©es en phase de finition a permis un gain de 112,13 F CFA/sujet chez les traitĂ©s. Lâincorporation des feuilles de manioc en mode sĂ©quentiel apporte une plus-value en aviculture tropicale.
After harvesting the tubers, the waste cassava leave are left over the fields. They may constitute a source of crude proteins in sequential feeding for poultry. The present study aimed to evaluate the performances of broiler fed with diet- based cassava leaf, by using a sequential distribution. A sample of 60 chickens of COBB 500 strain, 26 days old was divided into two groups (control and treatment). The birds of control group were fed with diet containing 5% of flour of cassava leaf distributed in a single throughout whereas those of the treatment group received in a first feeder ingredients more rich in Kcal and in a second feeder more rich in crude proteins and minerals. The two feeders were placed in the hen house with a 4 hours interval. The treatment did not induce any mortality and does not have affected the final live weight. However, the sequential feeding improved (p Ë 0. 05) water consumption at week 6 (680ml/broiler vs 780ml), and the leaf consumption at the end of the experimentation (9.4g/broiler vs 11,20g). The sequential feeding also improved the final DGW (38g/day vs 61g) and the final index of consumption (4.8 vs 3.11). The best use of crude proteins in sequential feeding allowed a profit of 112.13 F CFA/broiler. The incorporation of waste leaf cassava in poultry diets in a sequential feeding is useful in poultry production in tropical farming
Phenotypic Characterization According to The Feather Color of Indigenous Muscovy Ducks Bred in The Back Yard in Brazzaville, The Congo
Abstract. In Congo, waterfowl genetic resources are constituted by native population of Muscovy ducks that play an important role in food security. The present study aimed to identify and to characterize strains bred in the back yard in the households in Brazzaville. A sample of 154 households drawn over seven districts of Brazzaville was enrolled in the survey. Adults ducks found in the households were identified, pictured by a key of determination and then compared by using the multi resolution analysis image method. The survey recorded 13 strains in which four were considered as newly since they have never been reported elsewhere. These strains received temporally the name of the districts where they have been identified for the first time MakelĂ©kĂ©lĂ© 1 (0.34%, n=6), MakĂ©lĂ©kĂ©lĂ© 2 (0.11%, n =2), Poto poto 1  (0.28%, n=5) and in Poto poto 2 (0.11%, n=2). Finally, the survey reported nine classical  strains such as  black plumage, duclair, white, tortora, sepia, chocolate, lavender, grey and canizie. The apparent wide variation in plumage colors is an indication that the duck populations have not been âpurifiedâ through selective breeding. In the context of the valorization of poultry biodiversity, this work represents a step toward a better knowledge of the production abilities of local ducks breeds in Congo. Key words: Muscovy ducks, color feather, strains, Congo. Abstrak. Sumber daya genetik unggas air di Kongo mencakup populasi itik lokal yang memegang peranan penting dalam ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menggolongkan jenis itik yang dipelihara di pekarangan rumah di Brazzaville. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 154 responden rumah tangga yang tersebar di 7 wilayah Brazzaville. Itik dewasa diidentifikasi dari pekarangan, dan dibandingkan dengan metode Analisis Multi Resolusi. Survey mencatat 13 jenis peranakan, 4 diantaranya dianggap baru karena belum pernah dilaporkan di studi manapun. Jenis ini sementara dinamai sesuai distrik tempatnya pertama ditemukan, yaitu MakelĂ©kĂ©lĂ© 1 (0,34%, n=6), MakĂ©lĂ©kĂ©lĂ© 2 (0,11%, n =2), Poto poto 1 (0,28%, n=5) dan di Poto poto 2 (0,11%, n=2). Berdasarkan survei didapatkan sembilan jenis klasik yaitu bulu hitam, duclair, putih, tortora, sepia, coklat, lavender, abu-abu dan canizie. Banyaknya ragam warna bulu adalah indikasi bahwa populasi itik belum âdimurnikanâ melalui seleksi. Dalam konteks penetapan nilai keanekaragaman hayati unggas, penelitian ini mewakili sebuah langkah menuju pengetahuan yang mendalam akan kemampuan produksi itik yang berkembang di Kongo. Kata kunci: itik Muscovy, warna bulu, strain, Kong