On some topology generated by I\mathcal{I}-density function

In this paper we have studied on $\mathcal{I}$-density function using the notion of $\mathcal{I}$-density, introduced by Banerjee and Debnath \cite{banerjee 4} where $\mathcal{I}$ is an ideal of subsets of the set of natural numbers. We have explored certain properties of $\mathcal{I}$-density function and induced a topology using this function in the space of reals namely $\mathcal{I}$-density topology and we have given a characterization of the Lebesgue measurable subsets of reals in terms of Borel sets in $\mathcal{I}$-density topology.Comment: 12 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.0337

SARS-CoV-2 and its sinister routes of transmission: Mauritius from COVID safe paradise to COVID outbreak

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COVID-19: Intranasal and Oral Routes of Vaccination

The mainstay protocol exercised by global health leaders to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) has been screening, the identification of cases, isolation thereof, contact tracing and nation-wide lockdowns. The development of vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has marked a new dawn for the war against corona virus disease (COVID-19)

Prevalence and determinants of geriatric malnutrition among rural populations: A Community based cross-sectional Study in Eastern India

Background: The World’s population is aging due to simultaneous declining of birth as well as death rate leading to the phenomenon of demographic burden. The dependent population compounded by their chronic morbidities have little resources left to maintain a healthy nutrition, culminating in another morbidity i.e., geriatric malnutrition, which is grossly un-diagnosed and un-reported. A commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals means a commitment to Healthy Ageing, hence WHO had declared the next decade (2020-2030) as the “Decade on Healthy Ageing”.  Thereby, the present study aims to find the prevalence and correlates of elderly malnutrition in the index population. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 geriatric individuals of Bankura district of West Bengal using 30 cluster sampling design. Data on nutritional status were collected using MNA-SF questionnaire and correlates were assessed by a pre-designed pre-tested schedule Multivariable logistic regression was done to ascertain the factors influencing elderly malnutrition. Results: Prevalence of geriatric malnutrition was 32.2% and risk of malnutrition was 48.89%. Presence of chronic diseases, poor socio-economic status, polypharmacy, food insecurity, catastrophic health expenditure and absence of social insurance were found to be significantly associated with geriatric malnutrition Conclusion: Geriatric malnutrition was found to be considerably high in the study population. The complex interplay of multiple factors was found to culminate it, upon which socio-economic and health care affordability issues were prominent. A multi-disciplinary approach focusing on social security, improved health care delivery with Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters (POEM) approach may help in mitigating the issue

Energy-aware distributed routing algorithm to tolerate network failure in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks are prone to link/node failures due to various environmental hazards such as interference and internal faults in deployed sensor nodes. Such failures can result in a disconnection in part of the network and the sensed data being unable to obtain a route to the sink(s), i.e. a network failure. Network failures potentially degrade the Quality of Service (QoS) of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It is very difficult to monitor network failures using a manual operator in a harsh or hostile environment. In such environments, communication links can easy fail because of node unequal energy depletion and hardware failure or invasion. Thus it is desirable that deployed sensor nodes are capable of overcoming network failures. In this paper, we consider the problem of tolerating network failures seen by deployed sensor nodes in a WSN. We first propose a novel clustering algorithm for WSNs, termed Distributed Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Clustering (DEEHC) that selects cluster heads according to the residual energy of deployed sensor nodes with the aid of a secondary timer. During the clustering phase, each sensor node finds k-vertex disjoint paths to cluster heads depending on the energy level of its neighbor sensor nodes. We then present a k-Vertex Disjoint Path Routing (kVDPR) algorithm where each cluster head finds k-vertex disjoint paths to the base station and relays their aggregate data to the base station. Furthermore, we also propose a novel Route Maintenance Mechanism (RMM) that can repair k-vertex disjoint paths throughout the monitoring session. The resulting WSNs become tolerant to k-1 failures in the worst case. The proposed scheme has been extensively tested using various network scenarios and compared to the existing state of the art approaches to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme

Simultaneous mobile sink allocation in home environments with applications in mobile consumer robotics

This paper presents a novel mobile sink area allocation scheme for consumer based mobile robotic devices with a proven application to robotic vacuum cleaners. In the home or office environment, rooms are physically separated by walls and an automated robotic cleaner cannot make a decision about which room to move to and perform the cleaning task. Likewise, state of the art cleaning robots do not move to other rooms without direct human interference. In a smart home monitoring system, sensor nodes may be deployed to monitor each separate room. In this work, a quad tree based data gathering scheme is proposed whereby the mobile sink physically moves through every room and logically links all separated sub-networks together. The proposed scheme sequentially collects data from the monitoring environment and transmits the information back to a base station. According to the sensor nodes information, the base station can command a cleaning robot to move to a specific location in the home environment. The quad tree based data gathering scheme minimizes the data gathering tour length and time through the efficient allocation of data gathering areas. A calculated shortest path data gathering tour can efficiently be allocated to the robotic cleaner to complete the cleaning task within a minimum time period. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively allocate and control the cleaning area to the robot vacuum cleaner without any direct interference from the consumer. The performance of the proposed scheme is then validated with a set of practical sequential data gathering tours in a typical office/home environment

Obstacle avoidance routing scheme through optimal sink movement for home monitoring and mobile robotic consumer devices

In recent years, ZigBee has been proven to be an excellent solution to create scalable and flexible home automation networks. In a home automation network, consumer devices typically collect data from a home monitoring environment and then transmit the data to an end user through multi-hop communication without the need for any human intervention. However, due to the presence of typical obstacles in a home environment, error-free reception may not be possible, particularly for power constrained devices. A mobile sink based data transmission scheme can be one solution but obstacles create significant complexities for the sink movement path determination process. Therefore, an obstacle avoidance data routing scheme is of vital importance to the design of an efficient home automation system. This paper presents a mobile sink based obstacle avoidance routing scheme for a home monitoring system. The mobile sink collects data by traversing through the obstacle avoidance path. Through ZigBee based hardware implementation and verification, the proposed scheme successfully transmits data through the obstacle avoidance path to improve network performance in terms of life span, energy consumption and reliability. The application of this work can be applied to a wide range of intelligent pervasive consumer products and services including robotic vacuum cleaners and personal security robots1