91,859 research outputs found
Proxy models of legal need: can they contribute to equity of access to justice?
Prioritisation of cases and resources as a means of rationing the limited legal aid budget has recently become a feature of access to justice in the UK. This article explores the utility of devising proxymodels of ālegal needā as a means of enabling the rational and equitable planning of legal services in these circumstances. Different conceptual and methodological approaches are considered, highlighting preliminary development work in Scotland. The likelihood of developing ālegal needsā measures that promote equity of access to appropriate legal services is discussed in the light of problems with defining ālegal needā and the diversity of services
available for the resolution of legal problems
Incorporation of 3 Ī¼m SiCp into Titanium surfaces using a 2.8 kW laser beam of 186 and 373 MJ m-2 energy densities in a nitrogen environment
The formation of composite layers using a 2.8 kW laser beam of 186 and 373 MJ mā2 energy densities, on commercial purity titanium surfaces preplaced with 3 Ī¼m size, 1-4 vol.% SiCp powder in a 100% nitrogen environment, produced gold colour tracks. The tracks gave reflective surfaces after glazing at an energy density of 373 MJ mā2 and dull or a mixture of dull and shiny surfaces at 186 MJ mā2 energy density. Surface cracks were visible in tracks containing 1 and 2 vol.% SiCp, but none were observed in the 4 vol.% SiCp tracks glazed at both energy densities. In the track cross sections, vertical cracks were seen in the 373 MJ mā2 tracks but it was absent in 186 MJmā2 tracks. The SiCp particles completely dissolved in all the tracks processed in this investigation producing a complex and inhomogeneous microstructure of dendrites and needle particles. At the half way of the melt depth from the surface, the dendrites were larger and densely populated, especially after glazing at 373 MJ mā2. The hardness measurement of the MMC layer recorded a wide range of hardness values which gave loops in the hardness profiles. Hardness values ranging from 700 to 1000 Hv were observed up to a melt depth of 1 mm in many tracks and the maximum surface hardness of 2250 Hv was measured in the track containing 1 vol.% SiCp and glazed at 373 MJ mā2. The surface hardness developed 5.6-15 times the base hardness (150 Hv) depending on the dendrite population. The 3 Ī¼m size SiCp produced MMC layers 1.5-2 times greater than those previously observed with 6 Ī¼m SiCp. The large surface area for an equivalent volume fraction of the three micron carbide particles is considered to have a high laser coupling action and hence absorbed more heat energy to produce deeper melt depth compared to those produced using the 6 Ī¼m SiCp
Boron-10 loaded inorganic shielding material
Shielding material containing Boron 10 and gadoliunium for neutron absorption has been developed to reduce interference from low energy neutrons in measurement of fission neutron spectrum using Li-6 fast neutron spectrometer
A pilot evaluation of positive behavioural support workshops for families of adults with intellectual disabilities who present challenging behaviour: 'It should have been offered years ago'
Background: Positive behavioural support (PBS) workshops were designed for families supporting their adult son or daughter with an intellectual disability engaging in challenging behaviours. This was in recognition of the impact of their challenging behaviour, in particular the level of stress carers often experience and positive reports from other studies incorporating multi-family learning.
Method and materials: Two sets of pilot workshops were completed, incorporating modules in PBS and physical interventions. Workshops included presentations and self-directed/group learning tasks, recorded in a specifically designed workbook.
Results: Quantitative data was analysed using non-parametric tests. Positive results were found for changes in various areas including self-reported stress levels. Positive trends were also found in pre and post application of the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (Aman and Singh, 1994).
Conclusions: This study showed very encouraging results in regard to the impact of this model of training for the carers involved. Further research is required to assess any longer term effects, and to explore the impact on larger numbers of participants
Integrable Quartic Potentials and Coupled KdV Equations
We show a surprising connection between known integrable Hamiltonian systems
with quartic potential and the stationary flows of some coupled KdV systems
related to fourth order Lax operators. In particular, we present a connection
between the Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system and (a generalisation of) the
integrable case quartic potential. A generalisation of the case
is similarly related to a different (but gauge related) fourth order Lax
operator. We exploit this connection to derive a Lax representation for each of
these integrable systems. In this context a canonical transformation is derived
through a gauge transformation.Comment: LaTex, 11 page
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