Local connectedness "with respect to''

In this article, a certain new concept of connectedness in frames is introduced, namely, local connectedness with respect to. We show that whenever h : L --> M is a dense homomorphism with M locally connected with respect to h; then h preserves connectedness. (And this provides a "partial" converse to a result of Baboolal and Banaschewski.) Also, under the hypothesis, the right adjoint preserves pairwise disjoint joins. In this article, a certain new concept of connectedness in frames is introduced, namely, local connectedness with respect to. We show that whenever h : L --> M is a dense homomorphism with M locally connected with respect to h; then h preserves connectedness. (And this provides a "partial" converse to a result of Baboolal and Banaschewski.) Also, under the hypothesis, the right adjoint preserves pairwise disjoint joins

Development and validation of the motivations for selection of medical study (MSMS) questionnaire in India

Background and Objective Understanding medical students' motivation to select medical studies is particularly salient to inform practice and policymaking in countries-such as India-where shortage of medical personnel poses crucial and chronical challenges to healthcare systems. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the motivation of medical students to select medical studies. Methods A Motivation for Selection of Medical Study (MSMS) questionnaire was developed using extensive literature review followed by Delphi technique. The scale consisted of 12 items, 5 measuring intrinsic dimensions of motivations and 7 measuring extrinsic dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), validity, reliability and data quality checks were conducted on a sample of 636 medical students from six medical colleges of three North Indian states. Results The MSMS questionnaire consisted of 3 factors (subscales) and 8 items. The three principal factors that emerged after EFA were the scientific factor (e.g. research opportunities and the ability to use new cutting edge technologies), the societal factor (e.g. job security) and the humanitarian factor (e.g. desire to help others). The CFA conducted showed goodnessof-fit indices supporting the 3-factor model. Conclusion The three extracted factors cut across the traditional dichotomy between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and uncover a novel three-faceted motivation construct based on scientific factors, societal expectations and humanitarian needs. This validated instrument can be used to evaluate the motivational factors of medical students to choose medical study in India and similar settings and constitutes a powerful tool for policymakers to design measures able to increase selection of medical curricula

On weaker forms of compactness Lindelöfness and countable compactness

A theory of e-countable compactness and e-Lindelöfness which are weaker than the concepts of countable compactness and Lindelöfness respectively is developed. Amongst other results we show that an e-countably compact space is pseudocompact, and an example of a space which is pseudocompact but not e-countably compact with respect to any dense set is presented. We also show that every e-Lindelöf metric space is separable