174 research outputs found
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A model of economic growth for an open emerging country: empirical evidence for Brazil
Brazil liberalised its trade and finance in the 1990s as a strategy for higher economic growth. However, the country’s GDP growth has been unstable and low compared to its own performance during the industrialization period. This paper builds a model of economic growth that accounts for the main components of effective demand as well as important specificities of emerging economies to explain the economic dynamics after the liberalising reforms. The model is estimated for the case of Brazil from 1990 to 2014 and the results suggest that this economy became highly dependent on the world economic growth and the evolution of the real exchange rate. The main finding is that Brazil experiences higher economic growth only in favourable world scenarios but the evolution of the real exchange rate in this scenario may stimulate investments that only reinforce the existing productive structure, affecting negatively the long-run economic growth.Carolina Troncoso Baltar is very grateful to “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES) for financial support
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Brazilian economic performance since the emergence of the great recession: The effects of income distribution on consumption
After a long period of unstable and low economic activity, Brazil achieved a
relatively high economic growth with low inflation from 2004 to 2008, when
the world scenario was favourable for the Brazilian trade balance. An incomes
policy, focused on real increases in the minimum wage along with a credit
boom, led to a decade of high consumption growth rates. High levels of
consumption and exports, in turn, induced investment and stimulated
manufacturing production, despite the real appreciation of the national
currency. However, the Great Recession that emerged after the global
financial crisis of 2007/2008 brought challenges to the Brazilian economic
performance, with unpleasant consequences for the country?s GDP growth.
Consumption, investment and exports have decelerated, despite anti-cyclical
macroeconomic policies. In this setting, manufacturing production stagnated
and GDP growth slowed down substantially, while imports continued rising
considerably. The aim of this paper is to provide an explanation to the
slowdown of Brazilian growth rates after the Great Recession. The main
hypothesis is that consumption was the main source of effective demand in the
country since 2003. However, Brazil has not yet been able to sustain
manufacturing and economic growth without a more active government policy to
stimulate productive investment.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from The Association of Economists of Vojvodina via https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1602157
Evaluating different diets on the growth performance of mud crab (Scylla serrata)
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of natural feeds for the sustainable grow-out aquaculture of mud crabs as an alternative to commercially available mud crab feeds. This study employed a completely randomized design that includes five feed treatments including trash fish, African land snail, horn snail, edible frog, and mud snail. There were three replicates for each treatment with three cages each located in a concrete tank with an area of 12m2. Each cage contained one lean crab. The crabs were fed twice a day, at 7 a.m. and 8 p.m. with an amount adjusted to 7% of the crab's body weight. After the first 21 days, all the crabs were harvested by draining out the tank water and the pincers of the crab were tied with a string to enable handling. The results showed that the highest growth performance in weight gain and condition factor was seen in African land snail feed with a feed conversion ratio of 1.38, indicating a high-quality feed. It also showed an impressive ROI of 96.8% which can be confirmed that this kind of feed might be a viable mud crab feed for both commercial scale and industry
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Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion with Ranibizumab in Clinical Practice: Longer-Term Results and Predictive Factors of Functional Outcome
To evaluate long-term results and predictors of efficacy in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab in a clinical practice setting.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Deciphering Adipose Tissue Extracellular Vesicles Protein Cargo and Its Role in Obesity
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in metabolic disorders rising as an alternative way of paracrine/endocrine communication. In particular, in relation to adipose tissue (AT) secreted EVs, the current knowledge about its composition and function is still very limited. Nevertheless, those vesicles have been lately suggested as key players in AT communication at local level, and also with other metabolic peripheral and central organs participating in physiological homoeostasis, and also contributing to the metabolic deregulation related to obesity, diabetes, and associated comorbidities. The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant data around the EVs secreted by adipose tissue, and especially in the context of obesity, focusing in its protein cargo. The description of the most frequent proteins identified in EVs shed by AT and its components, including their changes under pathological status, will give the reader a whole picture about the membrane/antigens, and intracellular proteins known so far, in an attempt to elucidate functional roles, and also suggesting biomarkers and new paths of therapeutic action
Real Time Analysis of Thermal Activation via Sphaleron Transitions
We study the process of thermal activation mediated by sphaleron transitions
by analyzing the real-time dynamics of the decay out of equilibrium in a
dimensional field theory with a metastable state. The situation considered is
that of a rapid supercooling in which the system is trapped in a metastable
state at a temperature larger than the mass of the quanta, but smaller than the
energy to create a critical droplet. The initial density matrix is evolved in
time and the nucleation rate (probability current at the saddle point) is
computed. The nucleation rate is {\it time dependent}, vanishing at early
times, reaching a maximum at a time with the mass of quanta
in the metastable state, and decreasing at long times as a consequence of
unitarity. An estimate for the average number of particles of ``true vacuum''
produced as a function of time during the nucleation process is obtained.Comment: 26 pages 6 figures (available upon request), PITT-93-06, LATE
Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Circulating Myokine Levels Compared with the Effect of Bariatric Surgery or a Low-Calorie Diet in Patients with Obesity
: The preservation of muscle mass and muscle function after weight loss therapy is currently a considerable challenge in the fight against obesity. Muscle mass secretes proteins called myokines that have relevant functions in the regulation of metabolism and health. This study was aimed to evaluate whether a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet may modulate myokine levels, in addition to changes in body composition, compared to a standard, balanced low-calorie (LC) diet or bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and myokines were evaluated in 79 patients with overweight/obesity after a therapy to lose weight with a VLCK diet, a LC diet or bariatric surgery. The follow-up was 6 months. The weight loss therapies induced changes in myokine levels in association with changes in body composition and biochemical parameters. The effects on circulating myokine levels compared to those at baseline were stronger after the VLCK diet than LC diet or bariatric surgery. Differences reached statistical significance for IL-8, MMP2 and irisin. In conclusion, nutritional interventions or bariatric surgery to lose weight induces changes in circulating myokine levels, being this effect potentially most notable after following a VLCK diet
Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Circulating Myokine Levels Compared with the Effect of Bariatric Surgery or a Low-Calorie Diet in Patients with Obesity
The preservation of muscle mass and muscle function after weight loss therapy is currently a considerable challenge in the fight against obesity. Muscle mass secretes proteins called myokines that have relevant functions in the regulation of metabolism and health. This study was aimed to evaluate whether a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet may modulate myokine levels, in addition to changes in body composition, compared to a standard, balanced low-calorie (LC) diet or bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and myokines were evaluated in 79 patients with overweight/obesity after a therapy to lose weight with a VLCK diet, a LC diet or bariatric surgery. The follow-up was 6 months. The weight loss therapies induced changes in myokine levels in association with changes in body composition and biochemical parameters. The effects on circulating myokine levels compared to those at baseline were stronger after the VLCK diet than LC diet or bariatric surgery. Differences reached statistical significance for IL-8, MMP2 and irisin. In conclusion, nutritional interventions or bariatric surgery to lose weight induces changes in circulating myokine levels, being this effect potentially most notable after following a VLCK dietThis work was supported by the PronoKal Group® and grants from the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, PI17/01287 research projects and CIBERobn (CB06/03/0003, CB12/03/30007, CB12/03/30002, CB06/03/0018) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigación; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Health Department of the Government of Navarra (48/2009), Spain and Linea Especial “Nutrition, Obesity and Health” (University of Navarra LE/97). Ana B Crujeiras is funded by a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP17/00088) from the ISCIII, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)S
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