Valeurs et justice

Il n’existe jamais une absolue coïncidence entre les conceptions, les valeurs et les normes du monde de la justice et celles de la société. Ce sont les écarts, les distances ou les proximités entre les conceptions de l’une et l’autre que ce livre entreprend d’explorer dans le temps. Ce que l’on découvre au fil des analyses, c’est une distance entre les valeurs partagées par la société et certaines pratiques judiciaires étroitement liées au pouvoir politique, le pouvoir souverain, soit en expansion, soit, au contraire, en difficulté. Ce livre éclaire donc aussi, à côté de la force de la justice négociée et de la proximité qu’elle maintient entre magistrats et justiciables, l’ambivalence de la justice en tant qu’attribut de la souveraineté

La violence et le judiciaire

Les auteurs de ce livre mettent en perspective historique la violence et l\u27institution judiciaire depuis le Moyen Âge. Comment la violence a-t-elle été considérée dans le passé ? Bien des pratiques tenues aujourd\u27hui pour violentes par l\u27institution judiciaire et par la société ne l\u27ont pas toujours été. Certaines formes de violence ont même pu bénéficier d\u27une légitimité sociale. Comment alors le pouvoir judiciaire a-t-il réagi ? S\u27est-il opposé à la violence, au risque d\u27entretenir une distance avec la société, ou bien a-t-il choisi d\u27ignorer des formes de violence pourtant illégales

Advanced Technologies for Oral Controlled Release: Cyclodextrins for oral controlled release

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, by means of inclusion complexes formation, with the following advantages for the drugs: (1) solubility, dissolution rate, stability and bioavailability enhancement; (2) to modify the drug release site and/or time profile; and (3) to reduce or prevent gastrointestinal side effects and unpleasant smell or taste, to prevent drug-drug or drug-additive interactions, or even to convert oil and liquid drugs into microcrystalline or amorphous powders. A more recent trend focuses on the use of CDs as nanocarriers, a strategy that aims to design versatile delivery systems that can encapsulate drugs with better physicochemical properties for oral delivery. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the applications of the CDs and their hydrophilic derivatives on the solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs in order to increase their dissolution rate and get immediate release, as well as their ability to control (to prolong or to delay) the release of drugs from solid dosage forms, either as complexes with the hydrophilic (e.g. as osmotic pumps) and/ or hydrophobic CDs. New controlled delivery systems based on nanotechonology carriers (nanoparticles and conjugates) have also been reviewed

Short and long term treatment of asthma with intravenous nutrients

BACKGROUND: Asthma is an increasing problem in this country and others. Although medications for the treatment of asthma abound and are improving, there are inherent risks and side effects with all of them. Intravenous magnesium has been employed in the treatment of acute asthma, but its use has not become universal, nor has it been studied for the treatment of chronic asthma. It is known to be a safe drug with minimal side effects. In this study, the author investigates the use of magnesium and other nutrients in the treatment of both acute and chronic asthma. METHODS: In this non-blinded outcome study, following informed consent, forty-three (43) randomly selected volunteer patients with both acute and chronic asthma were treated with IV infusions described herein. All patients were observed with spirometry 10 minutes post-infusion; two sub-groups of patients were also observed after multiple infusions over a short period of time (less than one month) and a longer period of time (average 5.8 months). Pulmonary function was analyzed by spirometric testing with pre- and post-infusion spirometric measurements with the pre/post group. For longer term (Trend) patients, baseline spirometry measurements were compared to spirometry measurements after patients had received multiple infusions over a period of time. Eight (8) patients were measured for both pre/post and Trend data. RESULTS: The 38 pre-infusion/post-infusion patients with acute and chronic asthma demonstrated an overall average improvement (percentage improvement in percent predicted) of 45%. The 13 patients measured for improvement over time (Trend data, average duration 5.82 months), demonstrated an overall average improvement (percentage improvement in percent predicted) of 57%. Of the 13 patients in the multiple infusion group, 9 patients who received longer-term therapy (average duration of 12.58 months) for chronic asthma demonstrated an overall average improvement of 95% (percentage improvement in percent predicted). CONCLUSION: The use of intravenous treatment with multiple nutrients, including magnesium, for acute and chronic asthma may be of considerable benefit. Pulmonary function improved progressively the longer patients received treatment

Nuclearly inherited diuron-resistant mutations conferring a deficiency in the NADH--or succinate--ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, diuron, antimycin and myxothiazol block the respiratory pathway at the bc1 complex level. Nuclearly inherited mutations located at the DIU3 and DIU4 loci confer in vitro resistance to diuron and cross-resistance to antimycin and myxothiazol at the NADH oxidase level. The mutant strains do not exhibit diuron resistance at the quinol-cytochrome-c oxidoreductase level. Thus, the apparent resistance does not seem to be the result of a modification of the inhibitory sites. Instead, the quinone reduction rate was found to be altered in the mutant. The diu3 mutations lead to a deficiency of the NADH--ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity, and the diu4 mutations to a deficiency of the succinate--ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity. On the basis of the model of Kröger and Klingenberg, a decrease of quinone reduction could explain the resistance to the bc1 complex inhibitors. Thus, the apparent resistance to the bc1 complex inhibitors was found to be due to a modification of the electron transfer kinetics

La richesse des carabidés en grande culture : le cas de la Gâtine Lochoise

National audienc

Modulation et codage de canal pour la radiodiffusion sonore numerique vers les mobiles

La perspective de mettre en oeuvre un service de radiodiffusion sonore numérique de haute qualité destiné aux récepteurs domestiques et mobiles s'impose de plus en plus. On assiste aujourd'hui à la pénétration croissante des techniques numériques, tant au niveau de la production des programmes qu'à celui de l'enregistrement. Il devient donc souhaitable de rendre cohérent l'ensemble de la chaîne "production, diffusion, réception", et par conséquent de proposer à l'usager un service de radiodiffusion sonore numérique d'une qualité équivalente à celle du disque compact. Le système proposé par le CCETT pour la radiodiffusion proprement dite s'appelle COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex). Ce système est particulièrement adapté à la diffusion de signaux numériques de hauts débits dans des canaux affectés de trajets multiples dont les caractéristiques varient dans le temps (réception mobile en milieu urbain). Il permet actuellement de transmettre 16 programmes stéréophoniques et des voies de données, soit un débit global de 5,6 Mbit/s, dans un canal de 7 MHz

La mémoire autobiographique épisodique antérograde est atteinte à très court délai (20 minutes) dans la maladie d'Alzheimer précoce.

International audienc

Fugue dissociative : un trouble rare et méconnu. A propos d'un cas.

International audienc