Analysis of Drought Index in Sub-Urban Area Using Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)

The climate change interference and increase of surface temperature have contributed to the changes at the atmosphere that give a significant effect to the availability of water. Malaysia is one of the countries which effected with this event and had been suffered series of drought events in 1997, 1998, and 2014. These problems contribute to the disruption of country’s economic development and quality of life. The using of drought indices for analytical is important and it can estimate the drought affect hat are being experienced accurately. The Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is one of the methods in determination of drought indices. Thus, the objective of this paper is to determine the drought index using the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for sub-urban river basin which is Pahang River basin. The rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department (Met Malaysia) starting from 1988 until 2018 in determining the SPEI value for sub-urban river basin. RStudio software are being used to determine the value of SPEI for different timescale, which is 3, and 12-month. The significant value of SPEI for the river basin are influence by the population, topography, rainfall, and land use. Findings from this study are believed to the mitigation can be proposed to the related organization to take an action in designing, planning, and managing the water supply and to prevent the serious impact on the agricultural and country economic development as well

Analysis of Drought Index in Sub-Urban Area Using Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)

The climate change interference and increase of surface temperature have contributed to the changes at the atmosphere that give a significant effect to the availability of water. Malaysia is one of the countries which effected with this event and had been suffered series of drought events in 1997, 1998, and 2014. These problems contribute to the disruption of country’s economic development and quality of life. The using of drought indices for analytical is important and it can estimate the drought affect hat are being experienced accurately. The Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is one of the methods in determination of drought indices. Thus, the objective of this paper is to determine the drought index using the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for sub-urban river basin which is Pahang River basin. The rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department (Met Malaysia) starting from 1988 until 2018 in determining the SPEI value for sub-urban river basin. RStudio software are being used to determine the value of SPEI for different timescale, which is 3, and 12-month. The significant value of SPEI for the river basin are influence by the population, topography, rainfall, and land use. Findings from this study are believed to the mitigation can be proposed to the related organization to take an action in designing, planning, and managing the water supply and to prevent the serious impact on the agricultural and country economic development as well

Behavioral Analysis on IPv4 Malware in both IPv4 and IPv6 Network Environment

Malware is become an epidemic in computer net-work nowadays. Malware attacks are a significant threat to networks. A conducted survey shows malware attacks may result a huge financial impact. This scenario has become worse when users are migrating to a new environment which is Internet Protocol Version 6. In this paper, a real Nimda worm was released on to further understand the worm beha-vior in real network traffic. A controlled environment of both IPv4 and IPv6 network were deployed as a testbed for this study. The result between these two scenarios will be analyzed and discussed further in term of the worm behavior. The ex-periment result shows that even IPv4 malware still can infect the IPv6 network environment without any modification. New detection techniques need to be proposed to remedy this prob-lem swiftly

Passive maternal antibody transfer to eggs and larvae of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

The immune response of Tiger grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) broodstocks and its passive transfer of maternal antibodies to eggs and larvae were evaluated following vaccination with an inactivated V.harveyi. Tiger grouper broodstock (mean BW 8.66 ± 0.09 kg, n=19) were vaccinated intraperitoneally (IP) and followed by a booster two weeks post vaccination, while Controlled Non-vaccinated (CG) broodstock were IP injected with PBS. The serum antibody level against V.harveyi was monitored for two weeks on post-vaccination and monthly up to 5 months post-vaccination. This study showed that the Vaccinated Group (VG) broodstock induced significantly (P<0.05) higher in specific IgM antibody level against V.harveyi as compared to the CG, which in turn induced a marked increased (P<0.05) in specific IgM in eggs and larvae produced from VG broodstock at 14 weeks post vaccination. The findings from this study suggested that inactivated V.harveyi vaccines were able to stimulate the immune response in broodstock and passively transferred the maternal antibody to their eggs and larvae

Effect of Psychological Empowerment and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment

According to recent literature that relates to organizational leadership, transformational leadership consists of three important elements: idealized influence, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation. Extant studies in this area highlighted that the ability of the leaders in implementing these transformational processes (to execute organizational functions) may have a significant impact on individual outcome especially organizational commitment. Although this relationship has been studied, the mediating role of transformational leadership has taken a less prominent role in organizational leadership model. Recent studies on organizational leadership have emphasized that transformational leadership has three important characteristics: idealized influence, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment; by using 77 USAble questionnaires gathered from employees who worked at a foreign manufacturing company in Free Trade Zone, Malaysia. Results of SmartPLS path model analysis confirm that empowerment does act as an important mediating variable in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment in the organizational sample. In the succeeding sections, discussion, implications and conclusion are elaborated

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for palm cooking oil discriminator using planar electromagnetic sensor array

Cooking oil is an important product in the Malaysia food industries. Most of the cooking oil products is based on palm oil. However, there are activities in selling cheaper cooking oil by labelling as high quality in cooking oil product. Traditional methods have been developed to measure the quality of the cooking oil product such as the chromatography technique but the cost for the system setup is expensive and requires a large amount of time to analyse the sample. Thus, a suitable and reliable system with less analysis time is needed for widespread industrial uses. This paper has presented a discriminative technique for palm cooking oil using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) with planar electromagnetic sensor array. The sensor consists of a meander sensor and an interdigital sensors which interact with the test samples. Three types of palm cooking oil such as double refined palm oil, refined and deodorized palm oil with peanut and sesame oil, and filtered palm oil were prepared. The results obtained showed that the presented technique was able to differentiate the samples between 20 kHz to 1 Mhz. The results obtained correlate with the theories on EIS technique and planar electromagnetic sensor which are presented in this paper

Problematising international placements as a site of intercultural learning

This paper theorises some of the learning outcomes of a three-year project concerning student learning in international social work placements in Malaysia. The problematic issue of promoting cultural and intercultural competence through such placements is examined, where overlapping hegemonies are discussed in terms of isomorphism of social work models, that of the nation state, together with those relating to professional values and knowledge, and the tyrannies of received ideas. A critical discussion of cultural competence as the rationale for international placements is discussed in terms of the development of the graduating social worker as a self-reflexive practitioner. The development of sustainable international partnerships able to support student placement and the issue of non-symmetrical reciprocation, typical of wide socio-economic differentials across global regions, is additionally discussed

Optical properties of the TeO2-PbO-Li2O-Nd2O3 glass system

Nd-doped Tellurite glasses of the (80-x)TeO2-10PbO-10Li2O-xNd2O3 system, where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mol% have successfully been synthesized by melt-quenching techniques. Their absorption spectra had been characterized in the ranges of 400-900 nm while the luminescence spectra are measured in the range of 400 to 1500 nm. The experimental, and calculated, oscillator strength results are found to vary from 1.1566 x 10-6 to 0.8041 x 10-6 and from 1.0257 x 10-6 to 0.7715 x 10-6 with respect to the Nd3+content respectively. Meanwhile, the Judd-Ofelt parameters, varies from 3.472 x 1020cm2 to 2.576 x 1020cm2, varies from 2.110 x 1020cm2 to 2.108 x 1020cm2 and varies from 2.424 x 1020cm2 to 2.392 x 1020cm2 with respect to Nd3+ content. From the luminescence spectra it is observed that the emission occurs at 485nm, 560nm, 605nm, 880nm, 1062nm and 1340nm, which is due to 4G9/2 → 4I9/2, 2G9/2 → 4I11/2 , 2H11/2 → 4I9/2 , 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 , 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 transitions respectively