Levantamento da composição da matovegetação e florística nativa em quintais diversificados.

O solo é componente chave no processo de produção de alimentos e fibras. A produtividade de quintais agroflorestais está diretamente relacionada com a manutenção e/ou construção da fertilidade do solo

Techniques for colonial growth and protoplast production in Humicola grisea var. thermoidea

Humicola grisea is a thermophilic, cellulolytic fungus, with significant biotechnological potential for protein secretion. For convenient growth on solid medium, 70% reduction in colony diameter was achieved by the addition of 20 mM sodium citrate to modified Aspergillus complete medium (Pontecorvo et al. 1953, Adv. Genet. 5:141-238)

EVALUATION OF PRESSURE DROP IN FLOW OVER FIXED POROUS BED

Many studies are conducted about the dynamics of fluids in porous media, which generates a number of factors and problems are solved. In particular the phenomenon of pressure drop in flows on fixed bed, although fairly well in the form Ergun’s equation, still has certain inconsistencies with regard to the types of materials to be used in the packaging of the beds. The objective of this work is to study this phenomenon using some experiments reported in the literature to determine the pressure drop in fixed bed consisting of porous particles of açaí seed. Experimental studies were conducted to predict, and take into account the losses resulting from friction and inertia that showed strong dependence on velocity. The method of using the particular friction factor prediction as a way to replace the usual calculation and measurement of pressure drop. The analysis in the wind tunnel was made from different sizes of bed, with a decrease in arithmetic progressions corresponding to half the value of the diameter of the tube used in the test. Several bands of Reynolds number were also employed in order to be able to visualize how the phenomenon behaves on various tracks. For such a survey was necessary some parameters such as açaí seeds diameters, seed weight and volume occupied by the bed; these parameters are of vital importance in Ergun equation, because an important aspect of the phenomenon is the porosity which enters as a foundation in the theory of flow fixed bed. At the end of the study was found the divergence in big bands of the Reynolds number of the correlation between experimental data and the Ergun equation

Estudo fitossociológico e composição do banco de sementes em dois sistemas produtivos de citros: produção integrada e convencional.

O termo banco de sementes tem sido adotado para designar as reservas de sementes viáveis no solo, em profundidade e na superfície (Roberts, 1981). Para Baker (1989) o banco ou reserva de sementes é uma agregação de sementes não germinadas, mas potencialmente capazes de substituir plantas adultas anuais que desaparecem por causa natural ou não, ou perenes, suscetíveis a doenças, distúrbios ou consumo por animais. Diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo condicionam as sementes a microambientes, devido às alterações das propriedades físico-químicas e das condições da superfície do solo (Mulugueta & Stoltemberg, 1997). Essas mudanças podem influenciar a germinação e o estabelecimento de plantas infestantes, devido a criação de condições variáveis de umidade e aeração. Da mesma maneira, a distribuição das sementes no perfil do solo pode ser alterada, causando modificações na dinâmica populacional das plantas daninhas. O preparo convencional do solo incorpora as sementes de modo mais uniforme no perfil trabalhado, proporcionando a distribuição horizontal e vertical de sementes das plantas infestantes. Essa distribuição das sementes no perfil do solo é influenciada pela freqüência de preparo, dando origem a persistentes bancos de sementes no solo (Lindquist & Maxwell, 1991; Guersa & Martinez-Guersa, 2000). Segundo Pitelli (2000), os índices fitossociológicos são importantes para analisar o impacto que os sistemas de manejo e as práticas agrícolas exercem sobre a dinâmica de crescimento e ocupação de comunidades infestantes em agroecossistema. Esses índices são determinados levando-se em conta a densidade relativa, que reflete a participação numérica de indivíduos de uma espécie na comunidade; a freqüência relativa, que se refere à porcentagem que representa a freqüência de uma população em relação à soma da freqüência das espécies que constituem a comunidade a dominância representa o ganho de biomassa deuma espécie na comunidade; e a importância relativa, que é uma avaliação ponderada desses índices e indica as espécies mais importantes em termos de infestação das culturas e também, qual espécie proporciona melhor cobertura do solo dentro de um manejo mais sustentável além de sua importância positiva ou negativa no manejo integrado de pragas.bitstream/item/25862/1/todafrutaCarvalhoId27260.pdfDisponível em : Acesso em: 24 jan. 2011

Physical activity levels of Reception children in the North-East of England: a cross-sectional analysis of seasonal, daily and hourly variation.

Children’s early years are a key time for development, with research suggesting that engaging in physical activity (PA) can have positive health effects. The aim of this study was to describe the cross-sectional PA levels, PA guideline compliance, and how PA varies according to temporal, demographic, and anthropometric factors in Reception children in the North-East of England. Accelerometer measured PA data was recorded and processed according to time spent in sedentary behaviour (SB), light, moderate, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA and analyses were performed according to individual and environmental variations. 265 children provided valid PA data (defined as 8 hours of wear time on three days). 51% of the sample were boys. Children engaged in 261.6 minutes/day of SB, 99.5 minutes/day of MVPA and 271.6 minutes/day of light PA. Significant differences were observed according to season, day of the week, time of the day, sex, socioeconomic status, age, and body mass index-z (BMI-z). This study found that on average, 4–5-year-old children in the North-East of England met the UK PA guidelines. However, there were temporal, sex and socioeconomic differences in PA, highlighting opportunities to promote PA at schools and at home

Verification and validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of compound channel

In this study the verification and validation of a 2nd order turbulence closure model is performed for an experimental compound channel flow, where the velocity field was measured by a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. Detailed Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM) simulation is reported. The Grid Convergence Index (GCI) approach proposed by Roache (1998) was adopted to evaluate the uncertainty associated to grid resolution. The velocity components, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the dissipation rate were used as variables of interest. The GCI results present low values for the streamwise velocity, TKE and dissipation rate, but higher values in what concerns vertical and spanwise velocities. This indicates that the mean primary flow has converged but the secondary flow field still depends on grid resolution. Based on GCI values distribution, the mesh was locally refined. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows good agreemen

Verification and validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of compound channel

In this study the verification and validation of a 2nd order turbulence closure model is performed for an experimental compound channel flow, where the velocity field was measured by a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. Detailed Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM) simulation is reported. The Grid Convergence Index (GCI) approach proposed by Roache (1998) was adopted to evaluate the uncertainty associated to grid resolution. The velocity components, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the dissipation rate were used as variables of interest. The GCI results present low values for the streamwise velocity, TKE and dissipation rate, but higher values in what concerns vertical and spanwise velocities. This indicates that the mean primary flow has converged but the secondary flow field still depends on grid resolution. Based on GCI values distribution, the mesh was locally refined. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows good agreemen