Karyosystematics of Kol tooth-carp, Aphanius darabensis (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)

The karyological and cytological characteristics of an endemic cyprinodont fish of Iran, Aphanius darabensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami & Reichenbacher, 2014 have been investigated for the first time by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads obtained from gill epithelial and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number of A. darabensis is 48. The karyotype consisted of five submetacentric and 19 subtelocentric pairs of chromosomes (5sm+19st). The fundamental number (FN) is 58. Sex chromosomes were cytologically indistinguishable in this tooth-carp. According to this study and previous karyological reports from other cyprinodont species, it can be suggested that the diploid number (2n=48) is common amongst cyprinodont fishes. These results can be used as basic informations in population studies and management and conservation programs

DETERMINANTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TOWARDS ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE IN ABU DHABI PUBLIC SECTOR: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM)

In this new economy, mobility of knowledge employees has become a major concern of the business organizations since organizations may lose the competitive advantage due to the shortness of talent. Thus, the purpose of this research is to assess the determinants of leadership styles on organizational culture towards organization performance in Abu Dhabi Public Sector. A total of 398 respondents were selected for the data analysis, where the ultimate step of data analysis is the employing appropriate analytical methods to understand and interpret the data collected. Prior to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted to check the hypothesis relationships of the variables to verify its factor structure. The findings of this study revealed that, strategic leadership style is positively related to organizational culture. Besides, laissez-faire leadership style is positively related to organizational culture, as well as autocratic leadership style is positively related to organizational culture. Result also indicated that, participative leadership style is positively related to organizational culture; transactional leadership style is positively related to organizational culture, transformational leadership style is positively related to organizational culture. Interestingly, the organizational culture is positively related to organization performance. Result also revealed that, strategic leadership style is positively related to organization performance; laissez-faire leadership style is positively related to organization performance. In addition, autocratic leadership style is positively related to organization performance; participative leadership style is positively related to organization performance. Then, transactional leadership style is positively related to organization performance. At the same time, transformational leadership style is positively related to organization performance. Besides that, it is also found that age is not related to organization performance, same goes to education. So, this research opens up some meticulous findings which will enhance the future research on the similar field.  Article visualizations

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN ABU DHABI: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) APPROACH

The aim of this study is to measure the knowledge management strategies and organizational performance in Abu Dhabi utilizing a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The research method of this research is a solely quantitative method where the total sample size is considered 331 employing simple random sampling. For this research, the structural model exhibited the relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that, knowledge management structure is positively related to knowledge management strategy, same to knowledge management practice is positively related to knowledge management strategy. However, knowledge management structure was found not really positively related to organizational performance. Unexpectedly, knowledge management practice has not also found significant either in terms of positively related to organizational performance. On the other hand, knowledge management strategy is positively related to organizational performance as well as reciprocal relationship found between knowledge management structure and knowledge management practice. This research has contributed to the existing knowledge by providing an empirically validated model which could be used to predict the organizational performance as a whole.  Article visualizations

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN ABU DHABI (SEHA): A THEORETICAL REVIEW

The purpose of this study is to determine the strategic management and the healthcare sector in Abu Dhabi (SEHA) from the theoretical perspective. Although an empirical research is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience, however, this research will add on the understandings from the view of theoretical review as well. To execute that, a number of theories put forward, upon which the theoretical framework is premised; these are: the theoretical model of strategic planning in healthcare organizations, strategy content in strategic planning model (SPM), environment(s) in strategic planning model, mission in strategic planning model, human resources management (HRM) in strategic planning model etc. The theoretical review revealed that the available limited research lacks validation through empirical research. This has brought about new knowledge to the researchers which may be tested or contested due to country conditions being different to that of Abu Dhabi or laps of time has altered the findings as of a future date. Future researchers could identify emerging variables that may alter the significance of variables tested which may lead to completely new discoveries as to what contributes to the success of healthcare.  Article visualizations

A SCHEME OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN ABU DHABI GOVERNMENT ENTITIES

The purpose of this study is to determine the determinants of knowledge management strategies towards organizational performance in Abu Dhabi government entities. After proposing a testable conceptual framework, this study initiated to propose the research framework by an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), where the items of the further research can have some light to move forward. The sample size was 331 for this study and simple random sampling was employed. For this research, the findings show that, Knowledge Management Structure, Knowledge Management Practice, Knowledge and Management Strategy are the important aspects of Organizational Performance in Abu Dhabi government entities. This research has contributed to the existing knowledge by proposing an empirically validated research model which could be an important execution tool for the success of government entities performance.  Article visualizations

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN ABU DHABI: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) APPROACH

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of strategic management planning in the development of healthcare sector in Abu Dhabi. The hypothesized research model and the key relationships were considered for the achieving the research objectives. In this proposed model, altogether seven hypotheses are developed to test the relationships among the various variables. To test the specific relationship of hypothesis, quantitative data must be collected to analyze the relationship and finally the result could be generalized on the population and select a sufficient sample size which represents the whole population that is what this research employed. In this study, the target population is the healthcare employees in Abu Dhabi. For this study, the sample size was 326 respondents from the healthcare sector in Abu Dhabi. Results revealed that healthcare service and facility is positively and significantly correlated with development of healthcare sector, as well as healthcare service and facility is positively and significantly correlated with financial and operational efficiency. Result also showed that financial and operational efficiency is positively and significantly correlated with development of healthcare sector, and healthcare service and facility is positively and significantly related with strategic management planning. However, strategic management planning does not a positive and significant influence on development of healthcare sector. The results of this study provide evidence that increased healthcare service and facility is associated with increased development of healthcare sector. This research has contributed to the existing knowledge by providing an empirically tested/validated model which could be used to predict a material portion of the variables that contributes to the eventual success of the healthcare.  Article visualizations

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic

Karyosystematics of Kol tooth-carp, Aphanius darabensis (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)

The karyological and cytological characteristics of an endemic cyprinodont fish of Iran, Aphanius darabensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami & Reichenbacher, 2014 have been investigated for the first time by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads obtained from gill epithelial and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number of A. darabensis is 48. The karyotype consisted of five submetacentric and 19 subtelocentric pairs of chromosomes (5sm+19st). The fundamental number (FN) is 58. Sex chromosomes were cytologically indistinguishable in this tooth-carp. According to this study and previous karyological reports from other cyprinodont species, it can be suggested that the diploid number (2n=48) is common amongst cyprinodont fishes. These results can be used as basic informations in population studies and management and conservation programs

ASPECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE IN ABU DHABI PUBLIC SECTOR

The aim of this research is to determine the aspects of leadership style and organizational culture on organization performance in Abu Dhabi public sector. A total of 398 respondents were selected for the data analysis, where the ultimate step of data analysis is the employing appropriate analytical methods to understand and interpret the data gathered. The present study is to be used Statistical Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and AMOS Software Package to analyze the data. Based on existing literature, previous studies and the purpose of the study, the researcher has decided to use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) explores the possible underlying factor structure of a set of variables without foisting a predetermined structure on the outcome. On the other hand, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) tests the hypothesis relationships of the variables to verify its factor structure. The result found that, in order to stimulate the progress of the organization, they must recognize and harness the creativity and innovative of the leadership. Technology, culture and organizational strategy may not be able to sustain them for long unless organizations are ready to establish a structure that continuously develops knowledge leaders to run and sustain the process.  Article visualizations

VALIDATING A MEASUREMENT MODEL FOR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN ABU DHABI (SEHA)

The rationale of this study is to validate a measurement model for strategic management planning and the development of healthcare sector in Abu Dhabi (SEHA). The current study has been developed the theoretical framework by reviewing the existing literatures. In this study, the target population is the healthcare employees in Abu Dhabi. For this study, the sample size was 326 respondents from the healthcare sector in Abu Dhabi. The data are subsequently analyzed to explain the relationships among the variables by employing statistical analysis namely descriptive and inferential statistics. Therefore, the quantitative method was more appropriate since present study test the hypotheses developed rather than a building theory. Moreover, the data was treated as nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio while inputting the data for the purpose of determining the strategic management planning in the development of healthcare sector in Abu Dhabi. Results revealed that healthcare service and facility is positively and significantly correlated with development of healthcare sector, as well as healthcare service and facility is positively and significantly correlated with financial and operational efficiency. Result also showed that financial and operational efficiency is positively and significantly correlated with development of healthcare sector, and healthcare service and facility is positively and significantly related with strategic management planning. However, strategic management planning does not a positive and significant influence on development of healthcare sector. The results of this study provide evidence that increased healthcare service and facility is associated with increased development of healthcare sector.  Article visualizations