An Automatic Mains Voltage Switch Protector for Domestic Appliances

Electronic and electrical appliances used in most homes in the country are designed to operate at a nominal 230 V AC, which ought to be acceptable within certain tolerable upper and lower limits. Excessive fluctuations beyond these limits may cause the appliance to malfunction or get irreparably damaged. Most protective devices are imported as well as expensive. The circuit presented is a relatively cheap automatic mains voltage switch (AVS) protector that senses undesirable and harmful fluctuations in mains voltages and disconnects the appliance whenever the mains voltage supply goes above or below pre-settable and safe tolerable limits or ‘window’. The appliance is automatically reconnected when mains power returns to normal within that ‘window’. The design features anti-surge protection, a transformerless power supply for the circuitry, a window comparator for the detection of low and excessively high mains voltages to the load and a switching relay capable of switching high currents, ideal for compressor-based appliances. A delay section for control of spurious low voltage drops as well as mains stability is incorporated. The design provides a safe operating voltage range of 180V to 250V and offers practically the same functions as those of the imported brands. Basically, the design consists of various circuit building blocks and circuit techniques that would be of interest to the electronic hobbyist

POWER TRANSISTOR AND PHOTODIODE AS A SOLAR CELL DEVICE

Novel solar panel using BPW41N Photodiode have been developed. The panel produced current of 714μA at 6.17V and 375μA at 8.60V using type A and B respectively. The combination of type A and B produced current of 395μA at 13.80V which is a 5.45mW solar panel

DELAY TIMER (RELAY DRIVER) FOR HOME ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

Delay timer (relay driver) for home electrical application has been successfully designed, constructed and tested. The result shows the timer can keep an appliance working for a time period between 2 and 40 minutes. And in the delay off mode the timer can work for several hours. It can conveniently be use to run a load of 2,500W

ORGANIC KEROSENE PRODUCTION FROM A MIXTURE OF CASSAVA (MANIHOTESCULENTIA), MAIZE (ZEAMAYS) AND AKINTOLA LEAVES (CHROLLAENAODORATA)

Organic kerosene was produced using cassava, maize and Akintola leaves in a liquid mixture. The specific gravity, viscosity and Boiling point were determined using ASTM (D 4052, D 445 and D 86), respectively. The specific gravity ranged from 1.003 to 1.005 compared to the standard value of 0.78 – 0.81, viscosity range from 3.535 to 3.585 compared with standard value of 2.16 and boiling point of 101 – 1020 C compared to standard value of 150 – 2900 C

Altering rainfall patterns through aerosol dispersion

The possibility of recirculation mechanism on rainfall patterns is salient for sustenance of the human race through agricultural produce. The peculiarity of the lower atmosphere of south west region of Nigeria was explored using theoretical and experimental approach. In the theoretical approach, the reconstruction of 1D model as an extraction from the 3D aerosol dispersion model was used to examine the physics of the recirculation theory. The experimental approach which consists of obtaining dataset from ground instruments was used to provide on-site guide for developing the new recirculation theories. The data set was obtained from the Davis weather station, Nigeria Meteorological agency and Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MISR). We looked at the main drivers of recirculation and propounded that recirculation is a complex process which triggers a reordering of the mixing layer- a key factor for initiating the type of rainfall in this region

Data on the radio metric survey over a kaolinitic terrain in Dahomey Basin,Nigeria

This article consists the insitu data sets of activity concentrations of radio nuclides (K-40,Th-232andU-238) and gamma radiation dose rates measured about 1m above a kaolinitic terrain in Ifo-nyintedo,Dahomey Basin,SW Nigeria.Nineteen(19)data points were randomly occupied at the lower axis of the kaolin field using a hand-held detector known as Super-Spec(RS125).At each data point, the measurements were taken four times,while their averages and standard deviations were estimated in order to ensure accuracy.The radio metric survey was carried out between December,2017andJanuary,2018.The data sets were processed and analyzed via a descriptive statistics. The data can be explored further by estimating the radiological risks to the miners on the field, and to correlate the activity concentrations of the data with the activity concentrations of the tiles that are produced from the kaolin deposits in Ifonyintedo. Furthermore,the data from this article could be compared with other data acquired over a kaoli-nitic terrain across the glob

Data on the radio metric survey over a kaolinitic terrain in Dahomey Basin,Nigeria

This article consists the insitu data sets of activity concentrations of radio nuclides (K-40,Th-232andU-238) and gamma radiation dose rates measured about 1m above a kaolinitic terrain in Ifo-nyintedo,Dahomey Basin,SW Nigeria.Nineteen(19)data points were randomly occupied at the lower axis of the kaolin field using a hand-held detector known as Super-Spec(RS125).At each data point, the measurements were taken four times,while their averages and standard deviations were estimated in order to ensure accuracy.The radio metric survey was carried out between December,2017andJanuary,2018.The data sets were processed and analyzed via a descriptive statistics. The data can be explored further by estimating the radiological risks to the miners on the field, and to correlate the activity concentrations of the data with the activity concentrations of the tiles that are produced from the kaolin deposits in Ifonyintedo. Furthermore,the data from this article could be compared with other data acquired over a kaoli-nitic terrain across the glob

Construction of An Automatic Power Switch using Infrared Motion Sensor

In public and private institutions the problem of switching off light and other appliances wherever it is not needed is a concern. In Covenant University, the issue led to various rules that try to limit the way light is being used in the halls of residence, classrooms and other buildings. The main aim of this project is to conserve energy. This project presents the construction of a power control system which can detect the approach of a person, and then turn the power of a room on. The project involves four stages: the power supply stage, the sensor stage, the arduino stage and the switching mechanism stage. The power supply stage involves the supply of power to the arduino and the sensor. The sensor stage consist the passive infrared sensor which is the core part of the project. It detects the radiated heat energy from a person and converts the energy to an electrical signal which is sent to the arduino for processing. The arduino then processes the signal and sends a specific voltage to the relay that actuates the power switch to on. When nobody is detected the power is turned off. Conclusively, the constructed energy control system prevents energy wastage in the lecture halls, classrooms and other buildings

Review on Li-Fi: an advancement in wireless network communication with the application of solar power

Light Fidelity, commonly referred to as Li-Fi is a technology that was introduced by a German physicist called Herald Hass. This technology in its own uniqueness considers the use of light (Light Emitting Diode, LED to be specific) as its medium of delivering high speed communication that complies with standard IEEE 802.15.7 bidirectional communication standard. This optical means of communications is also known as visible light communication. It is safer when compared with Wi-Fi network. This paper will focus on Li-Fi applications, comparison with existing technologies like Wi-Fi and the inclusion of an alternative source of power i.e., solar power, as a means of effectively optimizing on the availability and accessibility of the benefits in places where erratic or total power outage is a common trend

Design and construction of fruit solar drier for rural settlements

This research focuses on the need for preserving fruits in rural areas to prevent waste. The solar drier is made of vital chambers i.e. the concentrator chamber (that harvests the solar irradiance), the transport pipe (that transports the heat generated by convection) and hanger chamber (where the fruits are placed). The temperature within the concentrator chamber and hanger chamber was monitored. The design allowed heat transfer by convection from the collector to the chamber at an efficiency of 92 %. The design allowed the temperature build up in the solar collector to be transported faster through hanger chamber with the help of incorporated detachable low power dc fan. This arrangement makes the dryer to either operate in the natural convection dryer mode (without the fan) or as a forced convection dryer (with the fan attached). It is observed that the forced convection provided higher air in-flow and hence greater drying capability. However, regions with moderate precipitation may have challenges of delayed fruit drying and growth of microorganism over the surfaces of the dried fruit