4 research outputs found
Etude hydrologique et hydraulique du bassin versant dâassainissement urbain du quartier Adidoadin de la commune Golfe 5 Ă LomĂ© (Togo): Proposition pour une gestion pĂ©renne des eaux pluviales
Ce travail consiste Ă analyser les phĂ©nomĂšnes hydrologiques et hydrauliques du bassin versant dâassainissement urbain du quartier Adidoadin de la Commune Golfe 5 Ă LomĂ©, au Togo. Il a pour objectif dâidentifier les causes des inondations de ce bassin versant dâassainissement urbain. La mĂ©thode de Manning-Strickler a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer le dĂ©bit dâĂ©coulement dâeau dans les collecteurs et la mĂ©thode rationnelle a servi pour la dĂ©termination du dĂ©bit gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© par la pluie sur le bassin versant Ă©tudiĂ©. Ă travers une combinaison de techniques hydrologiques et hydrauliques de lâĂ©tude de cas rĂ©alisĂ© pour la vĂ©rification de la capacitĂ© des collecteurs dâĂ©vacuateurs de crues, avec un dĂ©bit de 3,76 m3/s, a montrĂ© que ce dĂ©bit est supĂ©rieur au dĂ©bit dâeau provenant du bassin versant (0,774m3/s), mĂȘme avec un coefficient de ruissellement le plus dĂ©favorable (0,9). A cet effet, les problĂšmes dâinondation seraient dus Ă la prĂ©sence de crĂȘtes qui ne favorisent pas lâĂ©coulement gravitaire, Ă©galement des consĂ©quences issues d'une urbanisation mal maĂźtrisĂ©e (dĂ©faut de conception des infrastructures, extension de nouveaux quartiers dans des zones Ă risques). Ainsi, Cette recherche examine les caractĂ©ristiques physiques du bassin versant, Ă©value les rĂ©gimes de prĂ©cipitations et de ruissellement, identifie les problĂšmes d'inondations dĂ»s aux changements climatiques et propose des mesures d'attĂ©nuation appropriĂ©es pour minimiser les risques d'inondations et d'Ă©rosion, tout en favorisant une utilisation efficace des ressources en eau.
This work involves analyzing the hydrological and hydraulic phenomena of the urban drainage catchment area of the Adidoadin district of Commune Golfe 5 in Lomé, Togo. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of floods in this urban drainage watershed. The Manning-Strickler method was used to assess the flow of water in the collectors and the rational method was used to determine the flow generated by rainfall in the catchment area studied. The use of a combination of hydrological and hydraulic techniques to verify the hydraulic capacity of the spillway collectors, with a flow of 3.76 m3/s of the studied case, showed that this flow is greater than the flow of water coming from the catchment area (0.774m3/s), even with the most unfavourable runoff coefficient (0.9). Flooding problems are thus due to the presence of ridges that do not favor gravity flow, and to the consequences of poorly controlled urban development (faulty infrastructure design, extension of new districts into at-risk areas). Henceforth, this research examines the physical characteristics of the catchment, assesses rainfall and runoff patterns, identifies flooding problems due to climate change, and proposes appropriate mitigation measures to minimise the risk of flooding and erosion, while promoting the efficient use of water resources
Etude hydrologique et hydraulique du bassin versant dâassainissement urbain du quartier Adidoadin de la commune Golfe 5 Ă LomĂ© (Togo): Proposition pour une gestion pĂ©renne des eaux pluviales
Ce travail consiste Ă analyser les phĂ©nomĂšnes hydrologiques et hydrauliques du bassin versant dâassainissement urbain du quartier Adidoadin de la Commune Golfe 5 Ă LomĂ©, au Togo. Il a pour objectif dâĂ©tude et dâidentifier les causes des inondations de ce bassin versant dâassainissement urbain. La mĂ©thode de Manning-Strickler a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©valuer le dĂ©bit dâĂ©coulement dâeau dans les collecteurs et la mĂ©thode rationnelle a servi pour la dĂ©termination du dĂ©bit gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© par la pluie sur le bassin versant Ă©tudiĂ©. Ă travers une combinaison de techniques hydrologiques et hydrauliques de lâĂ©tude de cas rĂ©alisĂ© pour la vĂ©rification de la capacitĂ© des collecteurs dâĂ©vacuateurs de crues, avec un dĂ©bit de 3,76 m3/s, a montrĂ© que ce dĂ©bit est supĂ©rieur au dĂ©bit dâeau provenant du bassin versant (0,774m3/s), mĂȘme avec un coefficient de ruissellement le plus dĂ©favorable (0,9). A cet effet, les problĂšmes dâinondation seraient dus Ă la prĂ©sence de crĂȘtes qui ne favorisent pas lâĂ©coulement gravitaire, Ă©galement des consĂ©quences issues d'une urbanisation mal maĂźtrisĂ©e (dĂ©faut de conception des infrastructures, extension de nouveaux quartiers dans des zones Ă risques). Ainsi, Cette recherche examine les caractĂ©ristiques physiques du bassin versant, Ă©value les rĂ©gimes de prĂ©cipitations et de ruissellement, identifie les problĂšmes d'inondations dĂ» aux changements climatiques et propose des mesures d'attĂ©nuation appropriĂ©es pour minimiser les risques d'inondations et d'Ă©rosion, tout en favorisant une utilisation efficace des ressources en eau.
This work involves analysing the hydrological and hydraulic phenomena of the urban drainage catchment area of the Adidoadin district of Commune Golfe 5 in Lomé, Togo. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of floods in this urban drainage watershed. The Manning-Strickler method was used to assess the flow of water in the collectors and the rational method was used to determine the flow generated by rainfall in the catchment area studied. The use of a combination of hydrological and hydraulic techniques to verify the hydraulic capacity of the spillway collectors, with a flow of 3.76 m3/s of the studied case, showed that this flow is greater than the flow of water coming from the catchment area (0.774m3/s), even with the most unfavourable runoff coefficient (0.9). Flooding problems are thus due to the presence of ridges that do not favour gravity flow, and to the consequences of poorly controlled urban development (faulty infrastructure design, extension of new districts into at-risk areas). Henceforth, this research examines the physical characteristics of the catchment, assesses rainfall and runoff patterns, identifies flooding problems due to climate change and proposes appropriate mitigation measures to minimise the risk of flooding and erosion, while promoting the efficient use of water resources
Qualité et essais de traitement des eaux en milieu périurbain : cas des eaux de forage des cantons Légbassito et Vakpossito (Togo)
Lâobjectif de ce travail est de contribuer Ă la potabilisation des eaux de forages dans les zones pĂ©riurbaines de la ville de LomĂ© (Togo). LâĂ©valuation de la qualitĂ© physicochimique et bactĂ©riologique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur 30 Ă©chantillons en utilisant les mĂ©thodes normalisĂ©es (AFNOR). Les essais dâĂ©limination des nitrates par le charbon actif et de dĂ©sinfection par le chlore pour la dĂ©termination du break-point ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur les eaux de plus forte teneur en nitrate dans chaque site Ă©tudiĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats des enquĂȘtes ont montrĂ© que les forages rĂ©alisĂ©s dans les zones pĂ©riurbaines sont Ă 95% manuels. Les forages sont souvent implantĂ©s sans orientation technique Ă cause de la facilitĂ© quâoffre la formation sĂ©dimentaire. La profondeur varie de 25 Ă 35 m. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les forages sont rĂ©alisĂ©s dans un environnement insalubre, dĂ©pourvu dâinfrastructure dâassainissement (plus de 80%). Plus de 70% des Ă©chantillons dâeaux analysĂ©s ont des pH acide (< 6,5). Quatre-vingt-dix pour cent des Ă©chantillons dâeaux analysĂ©s ont des goĂ»ts salĂ©s, 87% desĂ©chantillons ne sont pas conFormes Ă aux valeurs guides de lâOMS. La concentration des nitrates (Ă©lĂ©ment toxique) et le fer (Ă©lĂ©ment indĂ©sirable) sont trĂšs Ă©levĂ©s, respectivement dans les proportions de 13% et 6% des eaux de forages analysĂ©es. La totalitĂ© des Ă©chantillons analysĂ©s est contaminĂ©e par des germes indicateurs dâorigine fĂ©cale. Les Ă©chantillons dâeaux analysĂ©s ne sont pas conformes aux normes de potabilitĂ© des eaux de consommation. La contamination serait due prioritairement aux techniques de « foration » et Ă la maintenance pĂ©riodique de la pompe. Les essais de traitement par le charbon actif et le chlore se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s efficaces et constitueraient une des mesures Ă prendre en compte dans le traitement des eaux.
Mots clés : Eau de forage, contamination, traitement, charbon actif, chlore.
English title: Quality and testing of water treatment in peri-urban areas: case of borehole water in the LĂ©gbassito and Vakpossito cantons (Togo)The target of this study is to have a part in the preservation of sinking waters of LomĂ© cityâs suburbs areas. (Togo). The assessment of physicochemical quality and bacteriological has been carried out on 30 samples using standardized methods (AFNOR). Nitrate elimination tests with activated charcoal and disinfecting chlorine for break-point determination have been carried out on waters of high nitrate content on each studied site. Surveysâ results have shown that sinking, carried out in the suburbsâ areas are of 95% manuals. Sinkings are often done without technical orientation due to the easy layer of sedimentary formation. The depth varies from 25 to 35 m. Results showed that sinkings are carried out (over 80%) in an unhealthy environment devoid of sanitation infrastructures. The pH is mostly acid (< 6,5). Waters are salted (about 90%) and 87% of samples are not standard to the WHO recommended values. Nitrates concentration (toxic element) and the iron (undesirable element) are very high, respectively in the proportions of 13% and 6% of tested sinking waters. The whole of tested samples are contaminated by germ indicators from faeces. Tested water samples are not standard to preservation norms of drinking water. Contamination might have resulted as a priority from « foration » techniques and periodic maintenance of the pump. Tests treatment with activated charcoal and the chlorine are effectively revealed and constitute one the measures to be taken into account in water-processing.Keywords: Water sinking, contamination, processing, activated charcoal, chlorin
QUALITĂ ET POLLUTION DES EAUX DâUN HYDROSYSTĂME LITTORAL TROPICAL : CAS DU SYSTĂME LAGUNAIRE DE LOMĂ, TOGO
This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical quality and heavy metals (HM) in the water of Lomé lagoon system. The conductivity, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and HM were determined by AFNOR methods. The results showed that the waters of Lomé lagoon system have generally pH close to neutral (pH between 7.34 and 8.5). However, the balance of the water in the equilibrum canal has an acid pH (pH 6.53). The levels of nitrogen and phosphorus are relatively high 1.27 mg/L phosphorus against 0.15 mg/L in natural waters. Dissolved organic matter is higher at the site C4 over the entire lagoon system. The East Lake E3 and E1 sites recorded a high rate of mineralization with 2536 mg/L of dissolved salts. The contents of the major ions such as Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+,Cl-, NO3-, SO42- and HCO3- helped to highlight the nature of brackish water of Lomé lagoon system. The material suspended (77 mg/L) and turbidity (35 NTU) are also very high in the waters of the equilibrium canal. C4 websites, C2, E3, O11, O5 and B3 have recorded the highest levels of HM. This indicates a potential bioavailability of HM in the waters of Lomé lagoon system. The degree of contamination and the interrelationships between the physical and chemical parameters of water and metallic micropollutants were confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA)