Regiospecific synthesis of some novel N-nucleosides of 4-amino-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and their in-vitro antimicrobial activity

4-Amino-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones were prepared by following two different reaction routes and comparing the effectiveness of using different reaction conditions. The coupling of aminotriazoles with acetylated α-bromo-D-glucose furnished protected N-nucleosides regiospecifically. The reagents used gave only one regioisomer N-glycosides not the other S-nucleosides. The protected nucleosides upon deacetylation using methanolic ammonia afforded deprotected products. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopic and elemental analysis data. All of the synthesized compounds were tested against ten different gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains which exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity. The deprotected nucleosides portrayed high antibacterial activity than 4-amino-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and protected nucleosides against selected bacteria

Mortality patterns among critically ill children in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a developing country

Background and Aim: Advances in biomedical technology have made medical treatment to be continued beyond a point, at which it does not confer an advantage but may increase the suffering of patients. In such cases, continuation of care may not always be useful, and this has given rise to the concept of limitation of life-sustaining treatment. Our aim was to study mortality patterns over a 6-year period in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in a developing country and to compare the results with published data from other countries.Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted in a PICU of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Data were drawn from the medical records of children aged 1-month - 16 years of age who died in PICU, from January 2007 to December 2012.Results: A total of 248 (from an admitted number of 1919) patients died over a period of 6 years with a mortality rate 12.9%. The median age of children who died was 2.8 years, of which 60.5% (n = 150) were males. The most common source of admission was from the emergency room (57.5%, n = 143). The most common cause of death was limitation of life-sustaining treatment (63.7%, n = 158) followed by failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (28.2%, n = 70) and brain death (8.1%, n = 20). We also found an increasing trend of limitation of life-sustaining treatment do-not-resuscitate (DNR) over the 6-year reporting period.Conclusion: We found limitation of life support treatment (DNR + Withdrawal of Life support Treatment) to be the most common cause of death, and parents were always involved in the end-of-life care decision-making

Citrus peel extract and powder attenuate hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia using rodent experimental modeling

Objective: To investigate hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic potential of citrus peel extract and powder using rodent experimental modeling. Methods: Considering the fact, rat feeding trial was carried out for a period of 56 d to access the prophylaxis of citrus peel flavonoids by employing normal (study I), hyperglycemic (study II) and hypercholesterolemic (study III) rats. Each study was further divided into three groups to ensure the provision of selected diets, i.e., control, functional and nutraceutical diets. Each study was further divided into three groups to ensure the provision of selected diets, i.e., control, functional and nutraceutical diets. Results: Declining trend for total cholesterol was observed in all studies with maximum reduction (8.55%) in rat group fed on nutraceutical diet in study III. Likewise, levels of low density lipoproteins and triglycerides reduced 11.39% and 7.89% respectively in hypercholesterolemic rats. Moreover, nutraceutical diet alleviated the sera glucose level by 8.96% in study II. Conclusions: Conclusively, inclusion of citrus peel bioflavonoids in dietary therapies is a promising strategy to modulate lipidemic and glycemic attributes without imparting any deleterious effect on hematological parameters

Enhanced Lobby Influence: Knowledge based content forwarding algorithm for opportunistic communication networks

Abstract

Compare the Level of Satisfaction Among Smart Phone and Traditional Hearing Aids Users

Hearing is crucial for human life, it undertakes a important job in dissertation and linguistic development, which is the fundamental device for the advancement of human correspondence. People with hearing impedance may endure extreme misfortune in their social, mental and proficient lives, dread, misery, disengagement and further more family strains as a result of the absence of consideration influencing those with hearing disorders.  Objective: To compare the level of Satisfaction between smart phone hearing aids and traditional hearing aids users.  Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among Hearing aids users with smart phone hearing aids and traditional hearing aids using purposive sampling technique .SADL (Satisfaction with amplification in daily life) was used to measure the satisfaction level between smart phone hearing aids users and traditional hearing aids users.100 applicants by moderate to severe senserineural hearing loss of age range from 18 years to 35 years recommended for hearing aids fitting were included in this research by their consent. Data for this research was collected from Sialkot, Lahore, Narowal, Gujranwala, Pakistan. The data of 100 participants were analyzed through SPSS version 25.O and P-value less than 0.05was considered significant.  Results: A total number of 100 participants were included under which there were 50 males and 50 females.. Out of 100, 53(53%) participants belong to age group of (26+35) years and 47(47%) participants belong to age group of (18+26) years. The participants who were using traditional hearing aids, there the level of satisfaction was 48.0±3.915 and the level of satisfaction in the participants who were using smart phone hearing aids was 53.95±4.17. Smart phone hearing aids users were more satisfied than traditional hearing aids users. Conclusion: It was concluded that smart phone hearing aids users have more satisfaction level as compare to traditional hearing aids users. Keywords: Audiologist, Audible range, Hearing loss, Smart phone Hearing aids, Traditional hearing aids. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/69-05 Publication date: December 31st 201

Reflective conversation for teacher development

Reflective practice is emphasized for teachers as it improves teaching and learning practices that result in high levels of students\u27 achievements. Reflection has the potential to transform thinking and practice. Research done on reflective practice in Pakistan suggests that as teachers\u27 teaching repertoire is limited here, teachers must reflect upon their practice. My experience of working with teachers informs me that teachers are not willing to write about their practices, rather it is more an oral culture. Reflective conversation is more an oral reflective practice mode, and it builds on what teachers already do informally in the context of Pakistani schools. The ultimate purpose of reflective conversation is to inquire teachers\u27 classroom practices and to bring forward improvement in their practices. This study was conducted to explore the process and consequences of reflective conversation for teacher development in Pakistan. Shared classroom observation experiences provided a base for reflective conversation sessions with two secondary school English teachers in a private English medium school in Karachi, Pakistan. The aim was to explore reflective conversations as a strategy for school-based teacher development. The study indicates that reflective conversations can be a viable teacher development strategy in Pakistan. Study findings showed that through reflective conversations, teachers were able to enhance their professional knowledge and skills, by extending their range of teaching strategies, developing an urge to implement new strategies, and consequently, becoming more confident teachers. However, there are some essential requisites i.e. teachers\u27 personal capacity and school structures for making reflective conversation an effective teacher development strategy. Reflective conversation also requires effective facilitation, which can be done by a reflective coach. The study also indicated that teacher learning becomes a complex and dynamic process through reflective conversation sessions. The study is significant for teacher educators, researchers, and teachers. It highlights for them some contextual issues that are challenging for teacher educators for using this strategy successfully. Study findings indicate that reflective conversations, if implemented effectively, move from individual teacher\u27s learning to collective learning

Teacher development through reflective conversations – possibilities and tensions: a Pakistan case

In recent years teachers have been encouraged to take up reflective practice because of its perceived ability to improve teaching and learning, but this has largely been limited to the West. The emphasis has not been widespread in developing countries and many educators are largely unaware of reflective practice and its perceived potential as a teacher development strategy. This article reports a study undertaken to understand and explore the process and consequences of engaging teachers in reflective conversations in Karachi, Pakistan. It describes how two English language teachers and a reflective coach reflected through conversations on their practices. The findings suggest that teachers in such contexts need to engage in reflective conversations if their practices are to improve. Also, the role of the reflective coach in this context appears to be fluid and evolving. The article also presents possibilities and tensions that are likely to emerge if reflective conversations are implemented as a teacher development strategy and a framework for using reflective conversations as a teacher development strategy in developing country contexts. Finally, implications of the study for schools and teacher development in Pakistan and similar contexts are identified

Stabilization of DEAE cellulose adsorbed and glutaraldehyde crosslinkedwhite radish (Raphanus sativus) peroxidase

613-620Present work demonstrates adsorption of ammonium sulphate fractionated proteins of white radish (Raphanus sativus) onDEAE cellulose and its crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. Adsorbed enzyme exhibited an immobilization yield of 88% and itsactivity decreased to 81% after crosslinking. Temperature and pH optima for soluble and immobilized enzyme were same. Therewas a significant enhancement in activity of adsorbed and crosslinked peroxidase to 136%, 143%, and 126% after its exposure60% dimethylformamide, 60% n-propanol and 60% acetone, respectively. However, soluble enzyme under similar experimental conditions, exhibited only 60%, 35% and 16% activity, respectively. Soluble enzyme lost 27% activity after its exposure to 4.0urea for 1 h, whereas activity of adsorbed crosslinked and uncrosslinked enzyme was enhanced to 153% and 142%,respectively. Adsorbed and crosslinked peroxidase retained 63% activity after 1 h exposure to 1.0 M sodium sulphite, whereasonly adsorbed and soluble enzyme lost 74% and 97% of their initial activity. Adsorbed and crosslinked enzyme retained 61% ofactivity after 7th repeated use as compared to adsorbed enzyme, which retained a marginal activity of 21%

A Lightweight Genetic Based Algorithm for Data Security in Wireless Body Area Networks

T The new generation of wireless body area networks (WBAN) for the internet of things (IoT) is emerging in a fast-paced. Today patients can be tested using remote clinical nanosensors. WBAN involves small interconnected sensors for the collection of ongoing medical data and transmitted through the networks for further processing. However, the protection of healthcare data is very important and difficult because of the various active and passive numbers of attacks. Although there exist several literatures on data security techniques such as digital signatures, Elliptic curve cryptography, and Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) they contain stumbling blocks for the security methodologies. Thus, in this paper, a novel data protection genetic-based encryption scheme is proposed for higher performance.publishedVersio

Interactive Effect of Organic and Inorganic Amendments along with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Ameliorating Salinity Stress in <em>Maize</em>

Saline soil is one of the common environmental issues that negatively affects the soil quality of agricultural lands. It reduces the plant growth and productivity worldwide. Soil Salinity and sodicity affecting land about 1128 million hectares globally determined by recent researches. The most important salt-sensitive cereal crops in the world are Maize (Zea mays L.) For food security, its need of hour to securing attainable production of maize crop in the salt affected soils. To reduce negative impacts of saline soil on plant growth, sustainable approaches such as organic amendments like press mud and inorganic amendments like silicon can be applied. For increasing crop productivity, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are salt-tolerant in saline agriculture can also be applied. In this book chapter interactive effect of different organic and inorganic amendments and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to reduce salinity stress on maize has been discussed