Non-financial motivation practices: Megafon and Nestle

The article examines factors which influence the effectiveness of employee motivation, as well as presents the main aspects that need to be taken into account to develop the optimal system of financial and non-financial motivation of employees in international companies. At the same time, a comparative analysis of existing employee motivation practices is provided, using the example of two giant companies: Megafon and Nestle

Concept of producing of the Russian national system of functional food

Statistics show negative forecasts of the demographic indicators of the Russian population including their size and health. The human habitat which has been deteriorating in recent decades causes cardinal changes in the assortment and variety of food and significantly contributes to the reduction of their biological value. The depletion of food products (FP) of vegetable and animal origin in vital mineral elements, vitamins and other physiologically active components represents a serious long-term threat to human health and the national security. Industrial methods of enriching FP have certain limitations: a narrow set of micronutrients, their interaction among themselves and accessibility for not all groups of the population. One way to reduce the negative consequences is through the introduction and breeding of new for Russia species and varieties of agricultural plants and organize a mass production of functional foods (FF) that contribute to the prevention and/or suspension of the development of dangerous diseases and slowing down the aging process. The solution of this multifaceted problem lies in changing the consumption structure of foods and their chemical composition conditioned by both the assortment of grown plant species and cultivars of food plants, as well as the composition and quality of soils, fertilizers and the conditions for crop cultivation. Taking into account the prevailing demographic situation in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to create a comprehensive national program for the allocation of new high-content sources of FF ingredients based on traditional and underutilized crops, cultivars and forms of cereal, vegetable and fruit crops and their inclusion in agricultural production as well as existing and newly created technological processes in food industry. The advantages of creating and developing a national system of the functional food in Russia will be: the improvement of public health and life expectancy, the reduction of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund expenditures and the development of business structures involved in the production of the FF

Effect of taxanes on the miR-106 and miR-200c expression in prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro

Introduction. A combination of antiandrogen and cytostatic drugs was justified in the neoadjuvant therapy of patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HiRPCa) in some clinical trials. The effectiveness of such therapy in each individual case depends on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the applied drugs. It makes possible the development of the new technologies to personalize therapeutic approach. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulatory molecules whose expression is altered in PCa cells and can be associated with the sensitivity/resistance of cancer cells to specific cytostatics, for instance, taxanes.Objective. To identify the potential-marker miRNAs of PCa cells sensitivity to taxanes.Materials and methods. Samples of PCa tissue (n. 56) obtained from patients underwent neo-adjuvant therapy (antiandrogen and taxanes) and radical prostatectomy; PCa cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCap). Total RNAs isolation was carried out using miRNeasy FFPE Kit, LRU-100-50; miRCURY LNA miRNA Focus PCR Panel, All-MIR kits were used for semi-quantitative analysis of potentially marker microRNA molecules using sequential reverse transcription and PCR.Results. The effect of taxanes on PCa cells is associated with up-regulation of miR-106b expression and down-regulation of miR-200c expression in both in vivo and in vitro conditions.Conclusion. MiR-106b and miR-200c miRNAs are involved in the response of PCa cells to taxanes, and therapeutic modification of these molecules in PCa cells may present a potential strategy to increase their sensitivity to taxane-containing therapy. Appropriate innovative technology may be in demand in the treatment of HiRPCa-patients

Клинический случай тяжелого дефицита декарбоксилазы ароматических L-аминокислот

We present a case of a rare disease, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD), with delayed diagnosis even after a pathogenic mutation indicative of AADCD was found. In most cases, AADCD causes marked impairment of motor and psycho- speech development and is accompanied by severe episodes of dystonia – oculogyric crises. The careful attention of neurologists, pediatricians, geneticists, gastroenterologists, and pulmonologists in cases of a complex set of diverse symptoms determines the success of early diagnosis and the earliest possible prescription of modern gene replacement therapy for AADCD.Представлен случай редкого заболевания – дефицита декарбоксилазы ароматических L-аминокислот (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, AADCD) с задержкой диагноза даже после того, как была обнаружена патогенная мутация, указывающая на AADCD. Чаще всего AADCD вызывает выраженные нарушения моторного и психоречевого развития и сопровождается тяжелыми эпизодами дистонии – окулогирными кризами. Настороженность внимания неврологов, педиатров, генетиков, гастроэнтерологов, пульмонологов в случаях сложного комплекса разнообразных симптомов определяет успех ранней диагностики и максимально раннего назначения современной генозаместительной терапии AADCD

Молекулярные подтипы рака мочевого пузыря и первые успехи в персонализированном лечении.

In the literature review we described studies, the main purpose of which was to distribute bladder tumors by molecular subtypes. A similar classification has long been actively used in the treatment of breast cancer. The pioneering work in the molecular subtypes of bladder cancer includes the work by Lund group, the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) project, the MD Anderson study. We have also included data on attempts to apply molecular taxonomy of bladder cancer in treatment.В представленном обзоре литературы рассмотрены исследования, основной целью которых было распределить опухоли мочевого пузыря по молекулярным подтипам. Схожая классификация уже давно активно используется при лечении рака молочной железы. К основополагающим работам в области молекулярных подтипов рака мочевого пузыря относятся исследования группы Лунда, проект TCGA, ислледования MD Anderson. Также, мы включили данные о попытках применения молекулярной таксономии рака мочевого пузыря в лечении. 

Гликоделин – потенциальный биомаркер злокачественных опухолей

Objective of the study to analyze and summarize the available data on the role of glycodelin in carcinogenesis and its expression in various cancers.Material and Methods. A literature search was conducted in Medline, PubMed Central, NCBI databases in the time interval from January 1983 to October 2019 using the key words glycodelin and cancer. Of the 104 publications found, 21 were used to write the review.Results. This paper presents the overview of the findings in current research focusing on the properties of glycodelin, the major lipocalin protein of the human reproductive system. Some lipocalins are known to play a key role in cancer development as well as influence signaling pathways in the regulation of cell motility, differentiation and neovascularization. Most likely they can be used as cancer markers. Glycodelin A is determined in serum and, due to its special immunoregulatory properties, can serve as a useful prognostic marker and a promising target for future anti-cancer therapies. The presence of glycodelin A in breast cancer tissue is known to be mostly linked to a better prognosis than is attributed to glycodelin-negative tissue, as glycodelin is a protein typical of differentiated tissue. On the other hand, glycodelin might play a role in neovascularisation, thereby promoting tumor growth. Glycodelin is a biomarker of aggressive malignant pleural mesothelioma and a prognostic biomarker of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer at late stages. Glycodelin hyperexpression is associated with brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, and its determination can be used as an additional prognostic factor.Conclusion. The review refects basic scientifc data and results of clinical trials, as well as identifes future prospects that allow the development of new methods for cancer detection and treatment. It should be noted that glycodelin plays an important role in tumor development, progression, angiogenesis, and the formation of distant metastases, and therefore can serve as a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker. Further studies of the functional properties of glycodelin are needed to develop promising strategies in cancer therapy. Цель исследования ‒ анализ и обобщение имеющихся данных о роли гликоделина в канцерогенезе и его экспрессии при различных видах рака.Материал и методы. Поиск соответствующих источников проводился в системах Medline, PubMed Central, NCBI по ключевым словам glycodelin и cancer. Ввиду ограниченного количества публикаций по исследуемой теме анализировали все данные, опубликованные с января 1983 г. по октябрь 2019 г. Из найденных на эту тему 104 публикаций 21 была включена в обзор.Результаты. В работе представлены результаты современных исследований, посвященных изучению свойств основного липокалина репродуктивной системы человека – гликоделина. Известно, что некоторые липокалины играют ключевую роль в развитии рака, а также влияют на сигнальные пути регуляции клеточной подвижности, дифференцировки и процессов неоваскуляризации. Предположительно, их можно использовать в качестве онкомаркеров. Гликоделин А определяется в сыворотке и благодаря своим особым иммунорегуляторным свойствам может служить полезным прогностическим маркером и перспективной мишенью для будущих терапевтических вмешательств. Известно, что при раке молочной железы наличие гликоделина А характеризует высокую степень дифференцировки клеток опухоли и является биомаркером более благоприятного прогноза. В то же время он играет существенную роль в неоангиогенезе. Гликоделин является биомаркером агрессивной злокачественной мезотелиомы плевры, а также вспомогательным прогностическим биомаркером метастатического немелкоклеточного рака легких на поздних стадиях. Гиперэкспрессия гликоделина ассоциирована с метастазированием в мозг при аденокарциноме легких, и ее определение может быть использовано как дополнительный прогностический показатель.Заключение. В обзоре отражены фундаментальные научные данные и результаты клинических исследований, а также определены дальнейшие перспективы, позволяющие разработать новые методы диагностики и терапии опухолей. Следует отметить, что гликоделин играет важную роль в развитии, прогрессировании опухоли, ангиогенезе и формировании отдаленных метастазов и, следовательно, может служить полезным диагностическим и прогностическим маркером. Необходимы дальнейшие углубленные исследования функциональных свойств гликоделина для разработки перспективных стратегических направлений в онкотерапии.

Проблема выбора тактики ведения пациентов с высоким и очень высоким риском рака предстательной железы: обзор литературы

Prostate cancer is the largest problem among the male population of the planet, despite the slow development of the disease, thousands of men die from this disease every year. Taking into account the following facts, we can say about the importance and relevance of this problem. This review highlights the results of different treatment strategies for high and very high risk prostate cancer.Рак предстательной железы является серьезной проблемой среди мужского населения планеты. Несмотря на медленное развитие заболевания, каждый год от этой патологии умирают тысячи мужчин. Поэтому лечение рака предстательной железы остается важным и актуальным вопросом. В настоящем обзоре освещены результаты различных стратегий лечения рака предстательной железы высокого и очень высокого риска.

Short- and long-term outcomes from the upfront high-dose chemotherapy, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Introduction. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common (30-35%) type of B-cell lymphomas. Only about 60% of all newly diagnosed advanced-stage DLBCL can be completely treated by x6 CHOP-R only. High dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the first remission (upfront auto-HSCT) can serve an option to improve prognosis in these patients (pts).Aim. To improve prognosis in DLBCL IV stage, IPI ≥2 pts by upfront auto-HSCT.Materials and methods. Included 105 pts: DLBCL NOS, age 18-65, stage IV, IPI ≥2, CR/PR after x6 CHOP/EPOCH + R from 2010 to 2019 at NMRC of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov of MoH of Russia were retrospectively analyzed. HSCT group includes pts with upfront HDCT followed by auto-HSCT (n = 35). The control group includes pts with non-invasive follow-up after induction only (n = 70). Primary endpoints were overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were response rate, relapse rate and treatment toxicity.Results and discussion. The 3-yr OS (p = 0.01) and 3-yr PFS (p = 0.018) were significantly higher in HSCT group. The complete response rate was significantly increased after upfront auto-HSCT (p < 0.001). Early relapse served as an independent negative prognostic factor in OS (p < 0.001) and experienced statistically less in HDCT group (p = 0.027). Early (ER) and late relapse (LR) rate were higher in pts with DEL (ER - p < 0.001, LR - p < 0.001 in control group and ER - p < 0.001, LR -p = 0.013 in all pts). The overall relapse rate was higher if pts had >1 extranodal site with lung involvement (p < 0.004 in the control group and p = 0.021 in all pts). Prognostic models suggested DEL and presence of >1 extranodal site with lung involvement as an independent negative prognostic factors for increasing the relapse probability in two years after treatment.Conclusion. Upfront HSCT can serve as a clinical option to consolidate the first remission in IV stage DLBCL pts with DEL and/or >1 extranodal sites with lung involvement

Плоскоклеточная карцинома яичка и паратестикулярных тканей

Testicular tumors occur in 1–1.5 % of cases in the structure of the general oncological morbidity among men and constitute 5 % among tumors of the urogenital tract. In Western Europe, 3–6 new cases are recorded a year per 100 thousand male population. Nevertheless, in relation to young men, this particular type of neoplasm is not only the most common oncological pathology (up to 60 % of all neoplasms), but also the main cause of cancer mortality. Risk factors for developing ovarian cancer include a family history, previous development of a tumor in the contralateral testicle, and components of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (cryptorchidism, hypospadias, spermatogenesis disorders leading to infertility). Tumors of paratesticular tissues are much less common and most of them are benign. Squamous cell carcinoma rarely develops as a primary tumor of the testis and / or paratesticular tissue, isolated cases have been described in the English literature. Secondary damage to the scrotum organs is more frequent, but such situations are usually found in patients of an older age group. This article presents the clinical case and the final results of treatment of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of paratesticular tissue.Опухоли яичка встречаются в 1–1,5 % случаев в структуре общей онкологической заболеваемости у мужчин и составляют 5 % среди опухолей урогенитального тракта. В Западной Европе регистрируется 3–6 новых случаев в год на 100 тыс. мужского населения. При этом у мужчин молодого возраста этот тип новообразований является не только наиболее распространенной онкологической патологией (до 60 % всех новообразований), но и основной причиной смертности от рака. Факторы риска развития рака яичников включают семейный анамнез, предшествующее развитие опухоли в контралатеральном яичке и компоненты синдрома дисгенеза яичка (крипторхизм, гипоспадия, нарушения сперматогенеза, приводящие к бесплодию). Опухоли паратестикулярных тканей встречаются значительно реже, и большинство из них доброкачественные. Плоскоклеточный рак редко развивается как первичная опухоль яичка и / или паратестикулярной ткани, отдельные случаи были описаны в английской литературе. Вторичное повреждение органов мошонки происходит чаще, но такие ситуации обычно встречаются у пациентов старшей возрастной группы. В данной статье представлены клинический случай и окончательные результаты лечения пациента с диагнозом плоскоклеточного рака паратестикулярных тканей