Coincidencias entre el Programa de Detección del Cáncer Bucal y el Registro Nacional de Cáncer

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo con el objetivo de identificar las coincidências entre los casos de cáncer bucal diagnosticados por el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer Bucal y los reportados al Registro Nacional de Cáncer en Cuba durante 1988, según edad, sexo y etapa clínica, por províncias y en el país. Se observa que existen dificultades con Ia integridad de ambos sistemas de información, ya que Ias coincidências son sumamente bajas em todas Ia províncias debido a una información no sistemática ai Registro de los pacientes diagnosticados por el Programa. Se reportan los mayores por cientos de casos en el grupo de 60 anos y más y en el sexo masculino. Existe discordancia entre Ia distribución por etapa clínica al diagnóstico por ambos sistemas, dado que en el Programa el estadiamiento de los casos es realizado por el estomatólogo general

Casos examinados por el Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer Bucal. Cuba 1986-1990.

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo del índice de asistencia de los pacientes remitidos por el estomatólogo hacia las consultas de cirugía máxilo facial y todos los pacientes examinados realmente en estas consultas de atención secundaria, durante los años 1986 al 1990, por provincias, según el Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer Bucal. Una proporción considerable de los pacientes remitidos (71,6%) no concurren al especialista para su seguimiento y tratamiento. Sólo las provincias de Vílla Clara, Granma y Ciego de Avila presentan tendencias hacia el incremento. Esto indica que existen fallas en las actividades de rescate de los casos. Se suguiere realizar actividades educativas y cumplimentar lo estabelecido por el Programa, mediante trabajo conjunto entre el estomatólogo, el médico de familia y las organizaciones de masa

Characterization of the Care Process for Hypertensive People in a Polyclinic in Old Havana

Foundation: arterial hypertension is the most common of all conditions internationally and one of the main risk factors that contributes to premature mortality. Objective: to describe the epidemiological behavior of arterial hypertension and some elements of the care process at the Ángel Arturo Aballi Polyclinic, in the Old Havana municipality, from September 2019 to May 2020. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 159 people aged 18 years and over classified as hypertensive, to whom a questionnaire was applied to explore sociodemographic aspects, personal history and others related to the care process. Three blood pressure measurements were made at different times. The results were expressed in absolute and relative frequency. Results: 62.3 % of hypertensive people were older than 60 years, 61.6 % female. The most frequent comorbidities were: diabetes mellitus with 21.4 % and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in 9.4 %. 54.7 % of these people did not feel the need for care in the last year and only 45.3 % were seen in a follow-up consultation. 81.8 % had not had their blood pressure measured for more than a year, 89.3 % had indicated drug treatment, 86.2 % were controlled and 74.6 % adhered to the treatment. Conclusions: the attention that these people received was not adequate; there were difficulties with dispensing, compliance with the program, in addition to a low perception of risk in these people

Evaluation of the Medical Assistance to Patients with Arterial Hypertension in Four Urban Áreas

Foundation: improving the quality of assistance is a challenge for all in charge of providing health services. It is no enough to know what happens but also to modify unsatisfactory results. Objective: to evaluate the quality of the medical assistance which patients with hypertension receive by means of the program observance in four health areas during 2013. Methods: a research of the health systems and services was done, using a two stage conglomerate sample. The variables studied were related to the coverage and quality of human resources, the availability of material resources, the compliance of the main activities set for the process of assistance. Various instruments approved by experts were applied to hypertensive population. More than 85 % of clinical records were audited. For collecting and analyzing data statistic packages Access 2000 and SPSS 15, 0 were used. Results: the evaluation of structure, process and results dimensions was not satisfactory in the studies area, because the proposed standards were not achieved. Conclusion: the assistance received by these patients is not appropriate since there were difficulties in the program compliance, which influenced in the quality provided

Morbidity, utilization of curative care and service entry point preferences in metropolitan Centro Habana, Cuba

Pol De Vos - ORCID: 0000-0002-1672-6469 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-6469First-line health services with a primary health care approach are a strong trigger for adequate health-care-seeking behavior. Research on the association between prevalence of chronic diseases and acute illnesses and use of health services emphasizes the importance of socioeconomic determinants in such patterns of utilization. In a cross-sectional study of 408 families in Centro Habana, Cuba, home interviews were conducted between April and June 2010 to analyze socio-demographic determinants of acute and chronic health problems and use of formal health services. Bivariate and logistic regression models were used. 529 persons reported a chronic disease. During the previous month, 155 of the latter reported an exacerbation and 50 experienced an unrelated acute health problem. 107 persons without chronic diseases reported acute health problems. Age was the strongest determinant of chronic disease prevalence. Adult women and the elderly were more likely to report acute problems. Acute patients with underlying chronic disease used formal services more often. No socio-demographic variable was associated with services use or consultation with the family physician. While the family physician is defined as the system's entry-point, this was the case for only 54% of patients that had used formal services, thus compromising the physician's role in counseling patients and summarizing their health issues. The importance of chronic diseases highlights the need to strengthen the family physician's pivotal role. New economic policies in Cuba, stimulating self-employment and private initiative, may increase the strain on the exclusively public health care system. Still, the Cuban health system has demonstrated its ability to adapt to new challenges, and the basic premises of Cuba's health policy are expected to be preserved.Paper adds to the growing body of evidence that children can acquire phonological systems before they are able to master the phonetic skills needed to convey the contrasts in that systemsch_iih32pub5025e00108914pub1

Use of medical services in a health area

De Vos, Pol - ORCID 0000-0002-1672-6469 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-6469Introducción: en la utilización de los servicios de salud convergen no solo la necesidad de atención de la población en términos de enfermedad, sino sus creencias y aspectos culturales; pero, sobre todo, el complejo contexto en que se da la prestación de servicios. Objetivo: exponer las características sociodemográficas y las enfermedades o sintomatologías más frecuentes en la población del área de salud "Marcio Manduley", del municipio Centro Habana, y los que hicieron uso de los servicios de salud durante el período abril - junio de 2010. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal. Se seleccionó una muestra poblacional representativa del área; se tomó en consideración el total de viviendas. Como se desconoce la prevalencia del factor bajo estudio, se maximizó la muestra tomando como prevalencia el 50 %, la precisión en 10 % y una posible caída muestral del 10 %. El tamaño muestral fue de 408 familias. Se aplicaron cuestionarios a todos los integrantes de las familias seleccionadas y en particular a aquellos individuos que durante los últimos 30 días enfermaron e hicieron uso de algún servicio de salud. Resultados: se obtuvieron datos de 1 244 personas; de ellas enfermaron 25,1 % en los últimos 30 días y el 17,7 % hizo uso de servicios formales de salud. Las enfermedades más frecuentes fueron respiratorias, cardiovasculares y osteomioarticular. La puerta de entrada al sistema de salud más utilizada fue el consultorio médico (54,1 %). Conclusiones: en nuestro estudio los factores del individuo que influyen en la utilización de los servicios de salud son el nivel de enfermedad percibida o necesidad de salud y el sexo.Introduction: use of health services is determined not only by the need of health care in case of illness, but also by beliefs and cultural views, and above all by the complex environment in which services are rendered. Objective: present the sociodemographic characteristics and the most common conditions and symptoms in Marcio Manduley health area, municipality of Centro Habana, and describe the use of health services in the period from April to June 2010. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the population in the area, taking into consideration the total number of households. Since the prevalence of the factor under study is unknown, the sample was maximized to a prevalence of 50%, an accuracy of 10% and a potential sample dropout rate of 10%. The sample size was 408 households. Questionnaires were given to all members of the households selected, particularly to those who had been ill in the previous 30 days and had made use of any health service. Results: data were obtained about 1 244 persons, of whom 25.1% had been ill in the previous 30 days and 17.7% had made use of formal health services. The most frequent conditions were respiratory, cardiovascular and osteoarticular. Family doctors' offices were the most common entrance door to the health care system (54.1%). Conclusions: according to our study, the factors exerting the greatest influence on the use of health services by the population are the level of perceived severity of the illness or need of medical care, and gender.http://ref.scielo.org/wvhcr551pubpub

Una estrategia de atención primaria de salud en situaciones de desastres A primary healthcare strategy in disaster situations

Se presenta la experiencia y la práctica profesional de una brigada médica cubana que prestó colaboración en la zona del Eje Cafetero Colombiano después del terremoto de 25 de enero de 1999. Las acciones fueron dirigidas a las áreas de atención primaria de salud, atención primaria ambiental, saneamiento ambiental y vigilancia epidemiológica, tomando en cuenta la organización de los damnificados en alojamientos de emergencia, en un municipio afectado. La vigilancia epidemiológica activa puso de manifiesto que las principales causas de morbilidad fueron las infecciones respiratorias agudas, las enfermedades diarreicas agudas y las afecciones de la piel. En los asentamientos se observó una correspondencia entre las malas condiciones de saneamiento ambiental y determinadas enfermedades asociadas. La experiencia de este trabajo de campo puede servir como guía para los profesionales de salud en caso de desastres y poblaciones desplazadas.The present article describes the experience of the Cuban Medical Team in the Colombian Coffee Area after the earthquake of January 25, 1999. The interventions were directed at the areas of primary health care, primary environmental care, environmental health, and epidemiological surveillance, bearing in mind the organization of earthquake victims sheltered in emergency settlements in the affected municipality. Active epidemiological surveillance showed that the main causes of morbidity were acute diarrheic diseases, acute respiratory infections, and skin diseases. Evaluation of the settlements showed a correlation between poor environmental health conditions and associated diseases. The results of this field study could serve as a guide for health professionals in the event of disasters and displaced populations