Características metodológicas do ensino do raciocínio profissional em cinesiologia: Estudo qualitativo

Background. The initial training of healthcare professionals has maintained a declared dysfunction since the Alma Ata declaration, which exposed the difficulties of conditioned reasoning due to mimetic assimilation in problem-solving. Objective. To understand the methodological characteristics of the processes used in teaching Professional Reasoning (PR) in Kinesiology students. Methodology. A qualitative interpretive study was conducted using a purposive sampling method, through Semi-Structured Interviews (SSI) with 9 expert teachers (ET) in PR, belonging to accredited universities, using recordings made on the Microsoft TEAMS® platform. These data were collected during 2020-2023 in 5 selected Chilean Kinesiology schools based on curricular evidence and ranking. Results. The emerging themes identified in the interviews with teachers were transcribed and coded using the Atlas.ti® software. It was found that the characteristics of Case Study-Analysis in different applications stood out as the predominant methodology in teaching PR, while the most recurrent assessment instrument was the Rubric. Conclusions. There is a wide range of strategies used by expert ETs to teach PR, which consist of both traditional methodologies and more student-centered active resources, with theoretical and practical aspects characterized by the formative moment, the selected model, and the imprecise taxonomic articulation of strategies and assessment instruments. This highlights the need for a greater integration of factors for the learning of PR.Antecedentes. La formación inicial de profesionales de la salud ha mantenido una disfunción declarada en Alma Ata que expuso las dificultades del razonamiento condicionado por la asimilación mímica en la resolución de problemas. Objetivo. Conocer las características metodológicas de los procesos que son utilizados en la enseñanza del Razonamiento Profesional (RP) en estudiantes de Kinesiología. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo interpretativo realizado con un muestro razonado, mediante Entrevistas Semiestructuradas (ESE) a 9 docentes referentes (DR), expertos en RP, pertenecientes a universidades acreditadas por medio de grabaciones realizadas en plataforma Microsoft TEAMS®. Estos datos fueron recogidos durante 2020-2023 en 5 escuelas de Kinesiología chilenas seleccionadas por evidencias curriculares y ranking. Resultados. Las temáticas emergentes identificadas en las entrevistas de profesores, fueron transcritas y codificadas utilizando el Software Atlas. ti®. Constatando que las características del Estudio-Análisis de Casos en distintas aplicaciones, se destaca como la metodología predominante en la enseñanza del RP, mientras que el instrumento de evaluación que tuvo mayor recurrencia fue la Rúbrica. Conclusiones:. Existe una variada gama de estrategias utilizadas por DR expertos para enseñar RP las cuales están compuestas por metodologías tradicionales y recursos activos de mayor protagonismo para el estudiante, con vertientes teóricas y prácticas que se caracterizan por el momento formativo, el modelo seleccionado, y la imprecisa articulación taxonómica de estrategias e instrumentos de evaluación lo que advierte respecto de una necesaria mayor integralidad de factores para el aprendizaje del RP.Enquadramento. A formação inicial dos profissionais de saúde manteve uma disfunção declarada em Alma Ata que expôs as dificuldades de raciocínio condicionadas pela assimilação da mímica na resolução de problemas. Objetivo. Conhecer as características metodológicas dos processos que são utilizados no ensino de Raciocínio Profissional (RP) em alunos de Cinesiologia. Metodologia. Estudo qualitativo interpretativo realizado com uma amostra fundamentada, através de Entrevistas Semiestruturadas (ESE) a 9 professores de referência (DR), especialistas em RP, pertencentes a universidades acreditadas através de gravações efetuadas na plataforma Microsoft TEAMS®. Esses dados foram coletados durante 2020-2023 em 5 escolas chilenas de Cinesiologia selecionadas por evidência curricular e classificação. Resultados. Os temas emergentes identificados nas entrevistas com os professores foram transcritos e codificados com o software Atlas. você®. Observando que pelas características do EstudoAnálise de Casos em diferentes aplicações, destaca-se como a metodologia predominante no ensino de RP, enquanto o instrumento de avaliação que teve maior recorrência foi a Rubrica. Conclusões. Existe uma ampla gama de estratégias utilizadas por especialistas em DR para ensinar RP, que são compostas por metodologias tradicionais e recursos ativos de maior destaque para o aluno, com aspectos teóricos e práticos que se caracterizam pelo momento formativo, o modelo selecionado, e a articulação taxonômica imprecisa de estratégias e instrumentos de avaliação, que alertam para uma maior abrangência necessária de fatores para a aprendizagem de PR

Effect of fertilization on yield and phenology of the halophyte Sarcocornia neei as an emerging crop

Sarcocornia is a vegetable crop that can be irrigated with highly saline water. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield and study the phenology of the halophyte Sarcocornia neei as an emerging crop. Trials were established in a tunnel-type greenhouse and the open field, both including the same fertilizer treatments with two doses of N (40 and 80 g N per plant). The plants were harvested three times by collecting all vegetative parts located 5 cm above the soil. Four plants per replicate were observed once a week to determine the phenological stages through the seasons in Chile (fall, spring, and summer). A two-way analysis of variance was performed for the experimental data that revealed differences between treatments and trials. The yields were significantly different between the open field and greenhouse trials in all seasons. The summer and spring harvests obtained the highest yields in treatments with 40 g N per plant. The highest yield was obtained in the greenhouse trial with 40 g N per plant at the summer harvest (45.33 g dry matter per plant). The open field trial showed no differences between the fertilizer treatments in all seasons. According to the plant phenology, the greenhouse cultivation was found to be advantageous in causing the plants to avoid the winter dormant period. The yield of S. neei under greenhouse conditions is the basis for further research

The Role of Surfactin Production by <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> on Colonization, Biofilm Formation on Tomato Root and Leaf Surfaces and Subsequent Protection (ISR) against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>

Many aspects regarding the role of lipopeptides (LPs) in bacterial interaction with plants are not clear yet. Of particular interest is the LP family of surfactin, immunogenic molecules involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and the bacterial colonization of plant surfaces. We hypothesize that the concentration of surfactin produced by a strain correlates directly with its ability to colonize and persist on different plant surfaces, which conditions its capacity to trigger ISR. We used two Bacillus velezensis strains (BBC023 and BBC047), whose antagonistic potential in vitro is practically identical, but not on plant surfaces. The surfactin production of BBC047 is 1/3 higher than that of BBC023. Population density and SEM images revealed stable biofilms of BBC047 on leaves and roots, activating ISR on both plant surfaces. Despite its lower surfactin production, strain BBC023 assembled stable biofilms on roots and activated ISR. However, on leaves only isolated, unstructured populations were observed, which could not activate ISR. Thus, the ability of a strain to effectively colonize a plant surface is not only determined through its production of surfactin. Multiple aspects, such as environmental stressors or compensation mechanisms may influence the process. Finally, the importance of surfactin lies in its impacts on biofilm formation and stable colonization, which finally enables its activity as an elicitor of ISR

Population dynamics of Melanaphis donacis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its Coccinellidae and Syrphidae predators on Arundo donax L.

The population density of the aphid Melanaphis donacis (Passerini) was studied in experimental plots of Arundo donax (L.) at the Antumapu Campus of the University of Chile, La Pintana (33° 34' 08'' S 70° 38' 40'' W) and on wild populations at Rinconada de Maipú (33° 30' 0.17" S and 70° 49' 12.25" W), both in the Mediterranean zone of Chile. Sampling started upon the first colonization of the plants by the aphid on December 14, 2012, and continued every 15 days through December 14, 2013. Samples were taken from the 3rd leaf from the apex, and a total of 36 samples were collected per sampling date. The aphid occurred throughout the growing season of A. donax, especially in summer, with higher densities in the experimental plots than in the wild populations and means of 243 and 147 aphids leaf-1, respectively. The main natural enemies observed were the coccinellids Eriopis connexa (Germar) and Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville) and the syrphid Allograpta pulchra (Shannon). The predator populations followed the growth curves of the aphid population and of A. donax

Guide for the development of group companies. Group Builder's Practical Guide to Successful Small Business Formation and Management.

136 páginas pdf.Este documento muestra cómo desarrollar pequeñas empresas rurales administradas por pocos miembros con un enfoque participativo. Está dirigido a promotores y funcionarios de los servicios de extensión y demás personal de desarrollo rural y tiene el propósito de ayudar a grupos ya establecidos de crear y administrar empresas propias