Gender-inclusive language: a pedagogical approach to the study of the relationship between gender-biased language and gender inequality.

El presente trabajo ofrece un análisis contrastivo entre las lenguas española e inglesa con respecto al lenguaje inclusivo y no inclusivo de género. En primer lugar, he llevado a cabo un estudio acerca del impacto negativo del lenguaje sesgado en la en la creación de estereotipos y en la exclusión de la mujer en el habla. En segundo lugar, he ofrecido un método pedagógico para estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera con el objetivo de trabajar en el lenguaje inclusivo de género, así como en los roles de género. Además, se ha complementado dicha propuesta pedagógica con un estudio cuantitativo para corroborar la teoría desarrollada y para conocer la opinión de los participantes sobre este tema. Por consiguiente, el presente trabajo busca generar conciencia en los hablantes sobre la influencia negativa del lenguaje sesgado en la construcción de la sociedad. Solamente a través de promulgar e impartir en las clases dicho tema podremos cambiar la situación.<br /

Vulnerability of Catalan (NW Mediterranean) ports to wave overtopping due to different scenarios of sea level rise

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0879-xThe overtopping of port breakwaters may affect the assets located at the breakwater lee side. If adaptation measures are not taken, the sea level rise will increase the overtopping discharges putting those assets at significant risk. This study compares, at a regional scale, overtopping discharges over port breakwaters for three storm conditions (return periods of 1, 5 and 50 years) under present climate as well as for three scenarios of sea level rise based on recent projections. The results indicate that, for the worst storm and sea level rise conditions, the overtopping discharge would not be negligible (larger than 1 l/s/m) in 35 ports (84 %), in contrast to only 18 ports (42 %) being affected under present conditions. In addition, in 28 ports (65 %) the overtopping would be at least one order of magnitude larger than for present conditions. In the case of large storms, in 2 ports the overtopping discharge exceeds 200 l/s/m (the discharge that can initiate breakwater damage) under present conditions, while in the worst scenario of sea level rise the number of ports exceeding this value would be 7. On the other hand, the vulnerability of each port for which overtopping flow is greater than an acceptable discharge flux is assessed, and regional maps of vulnerability are plotted. For the worst storm conditions, 23 % of the Catalan ports have risks associated with overtopping under present climate conditions. This percentage would increase to 47 % in the worst sea level rise scenario.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Analysis of energy efficiency measures and retrofitting solutions for social housing buildings in spain as a way to mitigate energy poverty

Energy poverty is a common issue in social housing all over Europe, with a harder impact in Southern European countries. Social housing buildings play an important role in energy poverty. They are usually owned and managed by public institutions and usually share common characteristics and issues. Behavioural changes and energy retrofitting are interesting paths forward but some solutions do not fit well in this type of housing due to socioeconomic reasons. This paper makes a thorough analysis of possible energy efficiency measures in social housing buildings, characterizing them by energy and economic savings and investment and proposing different methods of prioritization. A rational approach of behavioural and retrofitting solutions that best fit into this particular housing type is delivered, with the aim to increase the thermal comfort of the residents and mitigate the energy poverty issue. Results show that there is a wide range of domestic efficiency measures to be applied in this type of dwellings at none or low costs, bringing annual savings per average dwelling of about 510 €/year (55% of initial energy costs) including measures both at domestic level, and at building level with a final aggregated payback of the investments to be about 1.5 years

Reciprocating-sliding wear behaviour of nanostructured and ultra-fine high-silicon bainitic steels

The reciprocating sliding wear behaviour of high-silicon bainitic steels has been studied on microstructures obtained from two alloys containing 0.3 and 1.0 wt.% C, which were isothermally transformed between 200 and 425 ºC. Results show an order of magnitude improvement in the wear resistance of the nano-scaled bainitic structures with respect to the ultra-fine with similar hardness values. The scale of the microstructure and the level of retained austenite determine the wear mechanism and eventually, the wear ratesupport of Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for funding this research under the Contract IPT-2012-0320-420000, as well the financial backing from the the Research Fund for Coal and Steel in the form of RFSR‐CT‐2014‐00016.Peer reviewe

Impacto económico potencial de la implementación de vacunas contra la COVID 19 en Paraguay

Resultados de la encuesta sobre "Disposición a vacunarse contra el COVID-19".CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Building energy assessment and computer simulation applied to social housing in Spain

The actual energy consumption and simulated energy performance of a building usually differ. This gap widens in social housing, owing to the characteristics of these buildings and the consumption patterns of economically vulnerable households affected by energy poverty. The aim of this work is to characterise the energy poverty of the households that are representative of those residing in social housing, specifically in blocks of apartments in Southern Europe. The main variables that affect energy consumption and costs are analysed, and the models developed for software energy-performance simulations (which are applied to predict energy consumption in social housing) are validated against actual energy-consumption values. The results demonstrate that this type of household usually lives in surroundings at a temperature below the average thermal comfort level. We have taken into account that a standard thermal comfort level may lead to significant differences between computer-aided energy building simulation and actual consumption data (which are 40–140% lower than simulated consumption). This fact is of integral importance, as we use computer simulation to predict building energy performance in social housing

Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis as a Cause of Malignant Transient Pleural Transudate

Although it is generally accepted that a malignant transient pleural transudate may appear during the early stages of lymphatic obstruction, cases demonstrating such probability are rare in literature. A 67-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because a lymphangitic carcinomatosis and a transudative infrapulmonary pleural effusion with a cytology positive for adenocarcinoma. One month later the effusion keeps being positive for adenocarcinoma but exudative in character. Lymphatic obstruction appears as the cause of the initial transudative characteristics of the pleural effusion

'REOFUT' as an observation tool for tactical analysis on offensive performance in soccer: Mixed method perspective

Performance analysis in complex sports like soccer requires the study of the influence of the interaction between both teams during the game on final performance. The mixed methods approach involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data for the same purpose and within the framework of the same study. To build certain observation tools, mixed methods are necessary in order to take advantage of integration between qualitative and quantitative elements. The aim of this study was to develop a new no standard observation tool to analyze soccer offensive performance considering not only the observed team but also some aspects of the opponent behavior, as well as to test its reliability. The process consisted in expert meetings and exploratory observations. Experts carried out several design and re-design steps of the observation tool to its final form which includes two macro-criteria and 31 dimensions. The basic unit of analysis was the 'team possession' and the main aims of study were: (a) technical, tactical and spatial characteristics of the start, the development and the end of the team possession and its offensive performance, (b) the behavior of the observed team just after losing the ball possession and its defensive performance. Inter-observer and intra-observer analysis were carried out and kappa coefficient was calculated to test the observation tool reliability and improve the quality of data. Results indicate that optimal inter and intra-reliability levels obtained in this work are high enough as for suggesting that the observation tool for offensive performance in soccer (REOFUT) could be an adequate tool for analyzing offensive play actions and their performance in soccer

Design of methodologies and empirical application for the characterization of social housing and approach for energy vulnerability reduction

La pobreza energética es un problema común en las viviendas sociales en toda Europa, con un impacto más fuerte en los países del sur de Europa. En Europa, la proporción de viviendas sociales es alta, y dichas viviendas tienden a estar habitadas por unidades familiares con ingresos por debajo de la media, que son particularmente vulnerables a la pobreza energética. La primera parte de la investigación propone un nuevo enfoque metodológico para definir un índice multicriterio que permita realizar una evaluación de la vulnerabilidad energética de los hogares. Este método se puede utilizar para mejorar la gestión de la vivienda social y priorizar soluciones y acciones de mitigación de la pobreza energética. La segunda parte de este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar una reflexión sociopolítica del papel desempeñado por los trabajadores sociales y las políticas regionales, así como de las necesidades reales de los hogares afectados por la pobreza energética. La investigación también examina el impacto que tiene la formación técnica especializada de los trabajadores sociales en la prevención y mitigación de las condiciones de pobreza energética en los hogares europeos. Además, las políticas regionales que apuntan a mitigar la pobreza energética de los hogares se examinan desde la perspectiva profesional de los trabajadores sociales.La tercera parte del trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la pobreza energética de un conjunto de hogares representativos de quienes residen en viviendas sociales en modo de alquiler, específicamente en bloques de apartamentos en el sur de Europa. Se analizaron las principales variables que afectan el consumo y los costes de la energía, así como los modelos desarrollados para las simulaciones energéticas por ordenador, que se aplican para predecir el consumo de energía en la vivienda social. Los resultados demuestran que en este tipo de vivienda se encuentra generalmente a una temperatura por debajo del nivel de confort térmico promedio. Se advierte que tomar un nivel de confort térmico estándar para simulaciones puede generar diferencias significativas entre la simulación energética de la vivienda y los datos de consumo real, que está entre 40% y 140% por debajo del consumo simulado. Este hecho es de gran importancia, ya que la simulación energética por ordenador es una herramienta comúnmente utilizada para predecir el comportamiento energético de cualquier tipo de edificio.La cuarta parte de la investigación leva a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de las posibles medidas de eficiencia energética en los edificios de viviendas sociales, caracterizando las medidas por el ahorro energético y económico y por la inversión necesaria adaptadas a un caso de estudio de vivienda social, y proponiendo diferentes métodos de priorización. Se ofrece un enfoque racional de priorización de las medidas de eficiencia que mejor se adaptan a este tipo particular de vivienda, con el objetivo de aumentar el confort térmico de los residentes y mitigar el problema de la pobreza energética. Los resultados muestran que existe una amplia gama de medidas de eficiencia para ser aplicadas en este tipo de viviendas con un coste nulo o muy bajo, lo que representa un ahorro anual por vivienda promedio de alrededor del 55% del coste inicial de la energía, incluyendo medidas aplicables a cada vivienda individual, y al edificio en su conjunto, con un periodo de retorno simple de las inversiones de aproximadamente 1,5 años.<br /