Reconceptualizar el constructo de oportunidad: una respuesta a un dilema teórico a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura

After Shane’s seminal work in 2000 which highlighted the importance of entrepreneurial opportunities, the number of studies focusing on entrepreneurial opportunity increased rapidly. Different definitions of this concept were provided in the field, ranging from subjective to objective ones, which gave rise to a lack of consensus among researchers and this, in turn, was an obstacle that slowed down theorizing in entrepreneurship. Taking into account the past trends in management sciences, it seems to be the right moment to re-conceptualize the core construct of opportunity. The major critique of existing definitions is their operationalization. To provide a better operationalization, the present study aimed to offer a more accurate conceptual definition. To this end, the study first examined current debates on opportunity, which revealed the major problem causing the debates. Then, through a systematic literature review, from among more than seven thousand documents in the Scopus database containing opportunity keywords, 74 papers were selected following different phases of filtration. The papers were analyzed in detail to extract different constructs. Then, using the framework of Hansen et al, they were classified along six dimensions. The concepts under each dimension were examined to finally provide a bigger picture of the construct of opportunity and offer a re-conceptualization. The results of this study highlight the gaps for future research and pave the ground for other systematic literature reviews in the field.Después de que el influyente trabajo de Shane en 2000 destacó la importancia de las oportunidades empresariales, el número de estudios centrados en las oportunidades empresariales aumentó rápidamente. En el campo se aportaron distintas definiciones de este concepto, que van desde las subjetivas hasta las objetivas, lo que generó una falta de consenso entre los investigadores y esto, a su vez, fue un obstáculo que frenó la teorización en el emprendimiento. Teniendo en cuenta las tendencias pasadas en las ciencias de la administración, parece ser el momento adecuado para reconceptualizar el constructo central de la oportunidad. La principal crítica de las definiciones existentes es su operacionalización. Para brindar una mejor operacionalización, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo ofrecer una definición conceptual más precisa. Con este fin, el estudio examinó en primer lugar los debates actuales sobre las oportunidades que revelaron el principal problema que suscitan los debates. Luego, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura, de entre más de siete mil documentos en la base de datos Scopus que contienen palabras clave de oportunidad, se seleccionaron 74 artículos siguiendo diferentes fases de filtración. Los artículos se analizaron en detalle para extraer diferentes constructos. Luego, utilizando el marco de Hansen et al, se clasificaron en seis dimensiones. Se examinaron los conceptos de cada dimensión para finalmente proporcionar una imagen más amplia del constructo de oportunidad y ofrecer una reconceptualización. Los resultados de este estudio destacan las brechas para futuras investigaciones y preparan el terreno para otras revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura en este campo

Relevance of technological innovation and entrepreneurship to biotechnology in Iran

One of the latest and most controversial areas of science is biotechnology. Genetic engineering concerns with the manipulation of DNA molecules to modify plants, animals and other creatures. Scientists are now able to isolate a gene or genome in an animal or plant to another one, based on the traits they want to transfer. The movement of a gene from a living creature to another one is called the recombinant DNA technology. The technology is developing rapidly. Regarding the specific features of biotechnology, opportunities are being created for the emergence of technological entrepreneurship projects in countries that have developed the logic science which provides the necessary capacity to establish connections to the international biotechnology network. This article seeks to find the relevance of technological innovation and entrepreneurship criteria to different technologies, including biotechnology. By improving sub-indicators of innovation and creating technological entrepreneurship units in businesses, we can increase the growth speed of their technologies. Moreover, some reports of global innovation indicators suggest the growth of Iran in technological areas from 2014 to 2017. This is due to the entering of technological entrepreneurship units in these areas, particularly biotechnology. 

ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP - CASE STUDY: SEPAHAN STEEL COMPANY

The present study examines role and effect of social capital on organizational structure and entrepreneurship in Sepahan Steel Company. In this research, the organizational – mechanical structures and knowledge base in entrepreneurship are discussed in detail. The primary goal of this research is to evaluate effect of social capital on entrepreneurship in Sepahan Steel Company. It is an applied descriptive survey. The population consists of 71 employees of Sepahan Steel Company. The documentary method of research was used to collect data on theoretical framework considering the research hypotheses. Data gathered through questionnaires and data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The questionnaire consists of author-made items in 5-point liker scale. Pearson correlation method was used to test hypotheses, and the results showed that there was a significantly positive relationship between entrepreneurship and social capital in its three aspects namely, structural, cognitive and relational.  Article visualizations