Rolle der Terminologiearbeit im Europäischen Parlament

Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Masterarbeit liegt auf der Terminologiearbeit im Europäischen Parlament unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Terminology Coordination Unit verrichteten Diensten. Ausgehend von der Theorie bis hin zum empirischen Teil untersucht diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit welchen Stellenwert die Terminologie im Europäischen Parlament einnimmt und welchen Einfluss sie auf die Übersetzungs- und Dolmetschertätigkeiten in dem EU-Kontext ausübt. Die Sprachenpolitik der Europäischen Union, die sich an die Förderung der Mehrsprachigkeit orientiert, bildet den Ausgangspunkt für eine eingehende Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema und dessen gründliche Abhandlung unter dem terminologischen Gesichtspunkt. Die Untersuchung der von Terminology Coordination Unit verrichteten Dienste erwies sich in diesem Kontext als eine äußerst wichtige, denn dieser 2008 ins Leben gerufenen Dienst einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Bewusstseinsbildung in Fragen der Terminologie nicht nur im Europäischen Parlament leistet. Zahlreiche Aktionen, Veranstaltungen und weitere Initiativen tragen zur ständigen Entwicklung und Optimierung der geleisteten Arbeit im Bereich der Terminologie. Dabei richtet sich das Hauptaugenmerk auf die interinstitutionelle IATE Terminologiedatenbank, mit Hilfe deren das Terminologiemanagement gehandhabt wird. Eine gründliche Auseinandersetzung mit der IATE Datenbank ermöglicht einen genauen Einblick darin, wie das Terminologiemanagement in so einer ausgebauten Institution wie das Europäische Parlament ausgeführt wird

Phenotype variability and neonatal diabetes in a large family with heterozygous mutation of the glucokinase gene

Monogenic diabetes caused by mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK-MODY) is usually characterized by a mild clinical phenotype. The clinical course of diabetes may be, however, highly variable. The authors present a child with diabetes manifesting with ketoacidosis during the neonatal period, born in a large family with ten members bearing a heterozygous p.Gly223Ser mutation in GCK. DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were used to confirm GCK mutation and exclude other de novo mutations in other known genes associated with monogenic diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to assess daily glycemic profiles. At the onset of diabetes the child had hyperglycemia 765 mg/dl with pH 7.09. Her glycated hemoglobin level was 8.6% (70.5 mmol/mol). The C-peptide level was below normal range (<0.5 pmol/ml) at onset, and the three- and 6-month follow-up examinations. Current evaluation at age 3 still showed unsatisfactory metabolic control with HbA1c level equal to 8.1% (65.0 mmol/mol). CGM data showed glucose concentrations profile similar to poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. The patient was confirmed to be heterozygous for the p.Gly223Ser mutation and did not show any point mutations or deletions within other monogenic diabetes genes. Other family members with p.Gly223Ser mutation had retained C-peptide levels and mild diabetes manageable with diet (five individuals), oral hypoglycemizing agents (five patients), or insulin (one patient). This mutation was absent within all healthy family members. Heterozygous mutations of the GCK gene may result in neonatal diabetes similar to type 1 diabetes, the cause of such phenotype variety is still unknown. The possibility of other additional, unknown mutations seems to be the most likely explanation for the unusual presentation of GCK-MODY

Development and verification of new solid dental filling temporary materials containing zinc : formula development stage

Caries is the most popular problem affecting teeth and this is the reason why so many temporary dental filling materials are being developed. An example of such filling is zinc oxide paste mixed with eugenol, Thymodentin and Coltosol FÆ. Zinc-oxide eugenol is used in dentistry because of its multiplied values: it improves heeling of the pulp by dentine bridge formation; has antiseptic properties; is hygroscopic. Because of these advantages compouds of zinc oxide are used as temporary fillings, especially in deep caries lesions when treatment is oriented on support of vital pulp. Temporary dental fillings based on zinc oxide are prepared ex tempore by simple mixing powder (Thymodentin) and eugenol liqiud together or a ready to use paste Coltosol FÆ. Quantitative composition depends mainly on experience of person who is preparing it, therefore, exact qualitative composition of dental fillings is not replicable. The main goal of the study was to develop appropriate dental fillings in solid form containing set amount of zinc oxide. Within the study, the influence of preparation method on solid dental fillings properties like mechanical properties and zinc ions release were examined

Expression and cellular distribution of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in porcine oocytes before and after in vitro maturation

It is recognised that connexin 43 (Cx43) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) are involved in the cumulus cell-oocyte communication via gap junctions and the control of cell cycle progress. However, little is known about their mRNA expression pattern and encoded proteins distribution in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from 31 puberal crossbred Landrace gilts and analysed for their Cdk4 and Cx43 mRNA expression using RQ-PCR and for the respective protein expression by confocal microscopic observations. An increased Cdk4 and Cx43 mRNA expression was found in oocytes after IVM (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Confocal microscopic observations revealed a significant increase of Cdk4 protein expression in the cytoplasm of oocytes during the maturation process. The localisation of Cx43 changed from zona pellucida before to cytoplasm of oocytes after IVM. It is supposed that the increased expression of Cdk4 and Cx43 mRNA in oocytes after IVM is linked with the accumulation of a large amount of templates during the process of oocyte maturation. The translocation especially of Cx43 from the zona pellucida into the cytoplasm may be associated with a decrease in gap junction activity in fully grown porcine oocytes. Both Cdk4 and Cx43 can be used as ‘checkpoints’ of oocyte maturation

Less but better : cardioprotective lipid profile of patients with GCK-MODY despite lower HDL cholesterol level

Patients with diabetes caused by single-gene mutations generally exhibit an altered course of diabetes. Those with mutations of the glucokinase gene (GCK-MODY) show good metabolic control and low risk of cardiovascular complications despite paradoxically lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. In order to investigate the matter, we analyzed the composition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL subpopulations in such individuals. The LipoPrint(©) system (Quantimetrix, USA) based on non-denaturing, linear polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate and measure LDL and HDL subclasses in fresh-frozen serum samples from patients with mutations of glucokinase or HNF1A, type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and healthy controls. Fresh serum samples from a total of 37 monogenic diabetes patients (21 from GCK-MODY and 16 from HNF1A-MODY), 22 T1DM patients and 15 healthy individuals were measured in this study. Concentrations of the small, highly atherogenic LDL subpopulation were similar among the compared groups. Large HDL percentage was significantly higher in GCK-MODY than in control (p = 0.0003), T1DM (p = 0.0006) and HNF1A-MODY groups (p = 0.0246). Patients with GCK-MODY were characterized by significantly lower intermediate HDL levels than controls (p = 0.0003) and T1DM (p = 0.0005). Small, potentially atherogenic HDL content differed significantly with the GCK-MODY group showing concentrations of that subfraction from control (p = 0.0096), T1DM (p = 0.0193) and HNF1A-MODY (p = 0.0057) groups. Within-group heterogeneity suggested the existence of potential gene–gene or gene–environment interactions. GCK-MODY is characterized by a strongly protective profile of HDL cholesterol subpopulations. A degree of heterogeneity within the groups suggests the existence of interactions with other genetic or clinical factors

Beetroot Juice - Legal Doping for Athletes?

Nitric oxide (NO) is a physiologically important signaling molecule that promotes the expansion of blood vessels and thus facilitates the transport of oxygen (O2) and energy substrates to the muscles. Research shows that nitric oxide (NO) also improves the effectiveness of mitochondrial respiration, which is manifested by reduced oxygen consumption during exercise. Until recently, it was thought that nitric oxide (NO) could only be formed as a result of the endogenous pathway of oxidative transformations L-arginine. Recent research results indicate, however, that an alternative to the endogenous pathway of nitric oxide (NO) formation may be the exogenous supply of inorganic nitrates (NO3-) with food. The aim of the study was to review the current literature on the properties of beetroot juice as an important source of nitrates (NO3-) and its effectiveness in improving the exercise capacity of physically active people. A systematic review of the research, published from 2005 to January 31, 2021, was made on the basis of searching bibliographic databases such as: PubMed, Elsevier and Web of Science. The following keywords were used: “beetroot”, “beetroot juice”, “nitrates”, “nitrites”, “nitric oxide”, “supplementation”, “ergogenic substances”, “sports nutrition”. Although there are conflicting data, it appears that beetroot juice supply may be a cheap, natural, and promising nutritional strategy for improving sports performance in both endurance and intermittent high intensity (start-stop) exercise. More detailed studies are analyzing the effect of dietary nitrate (NO3-) supply in anaerobic exercise - especially in high-volume resistance training - are needed. It is also emphasized that further research is needed to elucidate the effects of specific factors on the variability of ergogenic effects after beetroot juice consumption, which may be of the greatest importance in terms of the effectiveness of this nutritional intervention

Reactive oxygen species in allelopathic interactions between plants

Allelopatia dotyczy oddziaływań pomiędzy roślinami za pośrednictwem związków chemicznych wydzielanych do środowiska. Efekty działania związków allelopatycznych w roślinach są najczęściej negatywne (zahamowanie kiełkowania nasion, ograniczenie wzrostu korzeni i/lub pędu), szczególnie gdy toksyny występują w wysokich stężeniach. Niekiedy obserwuje się też zjawisko hormezy (stymulacji kiełkowania nasion lub wzrostu organów), gdy zawartość allelozwiązków w otoczeniu jest bardzo niska. Obecność allelozwiązków wielokrotnie wywołuje w roślinach stres oksydacyjny, manifestujący się wzrostem stężenia reaktywnych form tlenu (ROS). Nie zawsze wzrost stężenia ROS w roślinach traktowanych związkami allelopatycznymi jest skorelowany ze wzrostem aktywności systemu oksydacyjnego, chociaż w ogromnej większości przypadków obserwowane są istotne zmiany aktywności podstawowych enzymów modulujących stężenie ROS (katalazy, dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej czy enzymów cyklu Halliwella-Asady), czemu towarzyszą też modyfikacje zawartości przeciwutleniaczy drobnocząsteczkowych (glutationu i askorbinianu). Z uwagi na różnorodną naturę, różne stężenia stosowanych allelozwiązków i różną wrażliwość roślin trudno jest jednoznacznie wyrokować, że zawsze i każdy związek allelopatyczny indukuje stres oksydacyjny, chociaż taka możliwość jest prawdopodobna i często spotykana. W pracy przedstawiono szereg przykładów indukcji stresu oksydacyjnego w roślinach poddanych działaniu związków allelopatycznych. Nagromadzanie ROS w komórkach i modyfikacje wzrostu roślin akceptorowych w odpowiedzi na allelozwiązki zostały porównane z tzw. reakcją SIMR (ang. stress induced morphogenic response), a także skorelowane z modyfikacją równowagi hormonalnej i czynnikami wpływającymi na strukturę ścian komórkowych. Podjęto także problem zależności pomiędzy oddziaływaniami allelopatycznymi a wrażliwością roślin na inne stresy biotyczne i abiotyczne.Allelopathy phenomenon describes mostly negative interactions between plants mediated by specific chemicals released into environment. Inhibition of growth of various organs, and delay or restriction of seed germination are most frequently observed effects of allelopathic interactions. At times, allelochemicals subjected in low concentration may also lead to hormesis (stimulation of seed germination or plant growth). Allelochemicals often induce oxidative stress, manifested as an increase in ROS production, which not always correlates with enhancement of cellular antioxidant systems, although in most cases there are observed significant changes in the activity of ROS modulating enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase and enzymes of Halliwell-Asada cycle, accompanied by modification in the level of low molecular antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione. In view of large differences in plant sensitivity to allelochemicals, and a wide range of concentration of already tested compounds, it is hardly to believe that induction of oxidative stress is an uniform response to allelopathy stress. In this work, there are described selected examples of various allelochamicals or extracts from allelopathic plants known to induce oxidative stress in acceptor organisms. Accumulation of ROS and modification of growth and/or development of organs of acceptor plants induced by allelochemicals are correlated with "stress induced morphogenic response" (SIMR), modification of phytohormonal balance and factors crucial for cell wall formation. Additionally, the relationship between allelopathic interaction and plant sensitivity to other biotic and abiotic stresses is discussed

Fragrant films on the basis of potato starch

New fragrant and biodegradable starch-based films have been obtained. These films were prepared by the method of the outpour into the Teflon mould of the starch composition containing such fragrant compounds as: eugenol or α-pinene. For characterizing the final products the following properties were taken into account: the solubility in water, the absorbance of moisture from air and the length of release of the fragrant compound. The obtained starch-based films were characterized by the relatively long time of release the fragrant compound and also by the good absorbance of moisture from air. Taking into account the properties of the obtained films, they can find applications in production of appliances used in the bioactive cleaning of air. The prototype of such a product was presented in this work. The presented studies show the potential of applying these materials in the future, and thus these examinations should be developed