A use-side trade margins matrix for the Andalusian economy

According to the National Accounting Systems proposed by United Nations (1993) and Eurostat (1996), use and make (or supply) matrices should be measured before goods and services are conveyed to the markets (basic values). Actually, the make table is defined in basic values (excluding trade and transport margins and net commodity taxes) whereas the use table is in purchasers' values (including them). This paper shows how these margins and taxes can be removed from the use table with the purpose of entering both of them in the so-called material balance equation. With respect to trade margins, our approach is based on the use-side procedure from the ESA-95 Input-Output Manual (Eurostat, 2002) and is also being applied to the forthcoming 2000 Andalusian Input-Output Framework.Input-output analysis, use and make matrices, trade margins, National Accounts

Extinction-related Angström exponent characterization of submicrometric volume fraction in atmospheric aerosol particles

The AEAOD– ΔAEAOD grid proposed by Gobbi et al. (2007) is a graphical method used to visually represent the spectral characterization of aerosol optical depth (AOD), i.e. Angström exponent (AE) and its curvature, in order to infer the fine mode contribution (η) to the total AOD and the size of the fine mode aerosol particles. Perrone et al. (2014) applied this method for the wavelengths widely used in lidar measurements. However, in neither case does the method allow for a direct relationship between η and the fine mode fraction contribution to the total aerosol population. Some discussions are made regarding the effect of shape and composition to the classical AE-ΔAE plot. The potential use of particle backscatter measurements, widely used in aerosol characterization methods together with extinction measurements, is also discussed in the AE-ΔAE grid context. A modification is proposed that yields the submicron contribution to the total volume concentration by using particle extinction data, and a comparison to experimental measurements is made. Our results indicate that the use of a modified AE-ΔAE grid plot to directly obtain submicrometric and micrometric mode fraction to the total aerosol population is feasible if a volume-based bimodal particle size distribution is used instead of a number-based one.Andalusia Regional Government through project P12-RNM-2409Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities (CGL2016-81092 and CGL2017 -90884 - REDT

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Comportamiento de las empresas agro-industriales ante los incentivos para su localización

Se pretende con este trabajo pulsar la opinión de los empresarios respecto de una serie de factores físicos y sociales que inciden directa o indirectamente en el desarrollo productivo de las empresas. Son condicionantes, por tanto, de la ubicación de las mismas en razón a la cantidad y calidad que de ellos se ofrezcan en cada una de las posibles localizaciones alternativas, y a las apetencias y necesidades que los empresarios muestren tener por aquellos. Hemos concretado el estudio al área geográfica de la región andaluza y a las empresas industriales de transformación de productos agrarios allí ubicadas. La muestra se compone de 125 empresas incluidas en los sectores de conservas, aceites, bebidas, desmontado, hilado, madera, corcho, harinas, piensos y otras industrias alimentarias, que en total dan empleo a 19.130 personas. Se desarrolla un modelo con el que pueden analizarse los efectos que para el valor añadido y el empleo de unas empresas, o un sector determinado, tienen los distintos grados de subvención al capital. También se analiza la influencia que pueda tener en la localización industrial la reducción del precio del dinero y la duración del período de reembolso de los empréstitos

La productividad de las industrias alimentarias españolas como indicador de su competitividad

Algunos autores señalan que la competitividad depende fundamentalmente de la productividad con que se emplean los recursos, lo que a su vez es función tanto de la calidad y características de los productos como de la eficiencia con la que se produce. En este contexto nos situaremos para medir la pérdida o ganancia de competitividad de las industrias de alimentación y bebidas españolas, a través del estudio de su productividad. El período analizado es el que va desde 1980 a 1991, aunque se tienen en cuenta dos subperíodos: 1980-1986, anterior a la adhesión a la CEE, y 1986-1991, posterior a la misma. Siguiendo la metodología de Courbis y Templé para medir la productividad total de los factores (PTF), se han calculado las tasas de variación de productividad, tanto para productos como para factores productivos, en los distintos subperíodos citados y para los sectores alimentarios considerados. Tras el análisis de los resultados se llega a la conclusión de que, en general, las industrias de alimentación y bebidas españolas han perdido competitividad en el período 1980-1991 considerado, fundamentalmente a raíz de nuestra incorporación a la CEE