Thermal paint production: the techno-economic evaluation of muscovite as insulating additive.

Muscovite is known by its thermal and electrical insulating properties. Based on this, it was hypothesized that its addition on paints should increase the thermal resistance. The use of muscovite as mineral insulating is pointed out as advantageous due to its low cost compared to other materials used for this purpose, such as the ceramic microsphere. The use of a low cost material could open the access to the medium and low income families, implying two aspects: the life quality increase by thermal comfort and the increase of energy saving. Thus, this part of the population could open a new market to thermal paints. Aiming to contribute to this issue, this work evaluated the thermal insulation performance of commercial paints containing muscovite additions and determined the economic evaluation for its industrial production. The thermal paint was formulated by adding 10%, 20% and 40% of muscovite to the commercial paint. This was applied on steel reinforced mortar boards. Thermal insulation tests were carried out in bench scale using an adapted box. The economic evaluation of the industrial production of muscovite-based thermal paint was conducted, considering the Brazilian economic market in this activity. The results showed its ability as an insulating agent due to a reduction of 0.667 °C/mm board by the addition of 40% muscovite. The economic analysis also demonstrated the feasibility of the thermal paint industrial production. The payback is favorable to 5 years when compared to the Selic short-term lending rate, with 21.53% of internal rate return and a net present value of US$ 15,085.76

Preparação e caracterização eletroquímica de material catódico do tipo La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 para aplicações em baterias de Lítio

Dentre os compostos mais pesquisados atualmente encontram-se os eletrólitos sólidos com elevada condutividade iônica, pois estes apresentam potenciais aplicações em baterias de estado sólido, entretanto, na literatura, há poucos trabalhos que descrevam o processo de preparação e caracterização de pós com estrutura tipo perovskita para aplicações como catodos em baterias de lítio. Assim, este projeto teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento do processo de preparação do pó de La0.50Li0.50TiO3 pelo método de precursores poliméricos. O comportamento térmico do pó obtido a 350ºC foi avaliado através das técnicas de Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) e Análise Térmica Diferencial (DTA); já a evolução térmica do pó obtido a 350 e 700ºC foi analisada por meio das técnicas espectroscópicas de Infravermelho (IR) e Raman. O processo de cristalização do pó foi realizado por Difração de Raios X (DRX), em conjunto com o Método de Rietveld que identificou uma fase pervskita altamente cristalina durante o processo de cristalização, no entanto, uma fase secundária, LiTi2O4, também foi detectada. A morfologia do pó foi observada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV-FEG), que revelou uma microestrutura de grãos esféricos e homogêneos. Quanto às medidas eletroquímicas, foram utilizadas as técnicas de Titulação Galvanostática Intermitente (GITT), Cronopotenciometria e Voltametria Cíclica que evidenciaram a presença de dois processos cinéticos diferentesAmong the most researched compounds currently are the solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, because of their potential applications in solid state batteries, however, in the literature there are few studies that describe the preparation and characterization of powders with perovskite structure for applications such as cathodes in lithium batteries. Thus this project aimed to develop the process of preparing the powder La 0.50Li0.50TiO3 by the polymeric precursor method. The thermal behavior of the power obtained at 350ºC was evaluated using the techniques of Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), whereas the thermal evolution of the power obtained at 350 and 700ºC was analyzed by spectroscopic techiniques IR and Raman. The crystallization process was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction together with the Rietveld Method that identified a highly crystalline perovskite phase during the crystallization process; however, a secondary phase LiTi2O4 was also detected. The morphology of the powder was observed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), which revealed a microstructure of spherical and homogeneous grains. As for the eletrochemical measurements, we have used the Galvanostatic Intermittent Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT), Chronopotenciometry and Cyclic Voltammetry demonstrating the presence of two different kinetic processesCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Automation benefits in the formation process of lead-acid batteries

In this work, the automated formation process of lead-acid battery and its industrial positive impact on the battery efficiency are evaluated toward the manual process. The problems in the lead-acid batteries formation are related to the α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 production during the first electric charge. The lead-acid battery formation problems frequently occur when electrical current sources with manual control are used. The main drawback of the manual method is addressed to the electric current interruptions between the plates during the battery charging. Thus, the lead oxides phases in the plates were used as parameter to correlate the chemical composition to the failure on the batteries formation process. X-ray powder diffraction technique was used to identify the lead phases. The results showed that the use of automated electric power supply has higher efficiency than the manual one. The benefits of automation include the increased productivity, reduction on the production costs, and lower consumption of natural resources

THERMAL PAINT PRODUCTION: THE TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MUSCOVITE AS INSULATING ADDITIVE

Muscovite is known by its thermal and electrical insulating properties. Based on this, it was hypothesized that its addition on paints should increase the thermal resistance. The use of muscovite as mineral insulating is pointed out as advantageous due to its low cost compared to other materials used for this purpose, such as the ceramic microsphere. The use of a low cost material could open the access to the medium and low income families, implying two aspects: the life quality increase by thermal comfort and the increase of energy saving. Thus, this part of the population could open a new market to thermal paints. Aiming to contribute to this issue, this work evaluated the thermal insulation performance of commercial paints containing muscovite additions and determined the economic evaluation for its industrial production. The thermal paint was formulated by adding 10%, 20% and 40% of muscovite to the commercial paint. This was applied on steel reinforced mortar boards. Thermal insulation tests were carried out in bench scale using an adapted box. The economic evaluation of the industrial production of muscovite-based thermal paint was conducted, considering the Brazilian economic market in this activity. The results showed its ability as an insulating agent due to a reduction of 0.667 °C/mm board by the addition of 40% muscovite. The economic analysis also demonstrated the feasibility of the thermal paint industrial production. The payback is favorable to 5 years when compared to the Selic short-term lending rate, with 21.53% of internal rate return and a net present value of US$ 15,085.76

Thermal paint production: the techno-economic evaluation of muscovite as insulating additive.

Muscovite is known by its thermal and electrical insulating properties. Based on this, it was hypothesized that its addition on paints should increase the thermal resistance. The use of muscovite as mineral insulating is pointed out as advantageous due to its low cost compared to other materials used for this purpose, such as the ceramic microsphere. The use of a low cost material could open the access to the medium and low income families, implying two aspects: the life quality increase by thermal comfort and the increase of energy saving. Thus, this part of the population could open a new market to thermal paints. Aiming to contribute to this issue, this work evaluated the thermal insulation performance of commercial paints containing muscovite additions and determined the economic evaluation for its industrial production. The thermal paint was formulated by adding 10%, 20% and 40% of muscovite to the commercial paint. This was applied on steel reinforced mortar boards. Thermal insulation tests were carried out in bench scale using an adapted box. The economic evaluation of the industrial production of muscovite-based thermal paint was conducted, considering the Brazilian economic market in this activity. The results showed its ability as an insulating agent due to a reduction of 0.667 °C/mm board by the addition of 40% muscovite. The economic analysis also demonstrated the feasibility of the thermal paint industrial production. The payback is favorable to 5 years when compared to the Selic short-term lending rate, with 21.53% of internal rate return and a net present value of US$ 15,085.76

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications