Cu- and Za-soil anomalies in the NE border of the South Portuguese Zone (Iberian Variscides, Portugal). Identified by multifractal and geostatistical analysis

Extensive Cu- and Zn-soil geochemical data in the Albernoa/Entradas–S. Domingos region (NE border of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, South Portuguese Zone) were examined to separate anomalies from background using the concentration–area fractal model. Distribution patterns of Cu and Zn concentrations in soil are primarily influenced by bedrock. The regional threshold values of Cu- and Zn-soil contents over metasedimentary sequences are 20–25 and 20–60 ppm, respectively, becoming 30–50 and 20–90 ppm, respectively, when metavolcanic rocks are present. The first-order threshold values for Cu are 80–90 ppm in soils over metasediments and 70–80 ppm in soils over sequences bearing metavolcanics. For Zn, the first-order threshold values are 40–80 and 90–100 ppm in soils over metasediments and metavolcanic rocks, respectively. Metasediments and metavolcanics comprising significant sulphide disseminations are outlined by Cu- and Zn-soil values above 100 and 300 ppm in soil, respectively. On the basis of these results, Alvares and Albernoa/Entradas areas emerge as the first priority targets for exploration. The observed non-coincidence of Cu- and Zn-soil anomalies in soil in the area could reflect difference in element dispersion during weathering, they mostly indicate distinct metal sources related to the original composition of different rock types or to chemical changes developed during Variscan deformation/re-crystallization path. The established regional baseline data can be used as reference for environmental studies

A new perspective for robustness assessment of framed structures

Robustness has been recognized as interesting research topic due to several collapses that have been occurring over last years. Indeed, this subject is related with global failure or collapse. However, its definition is not consensual since several definitions have been proposed in the literature. This shortpaper aims to present a framework for assessing bridge’s robustness as a probabilistic performance indicator. In this study, a non-linear model of a clamped beam with two point loads using DIANA software was developed to validate the framework presented. By means of a probabilistic approach, the load carrying capacity and structural safety were evaluated. In this regard, special focus is placed on an adaptive Monte Carlo simulation procedure to achieve a proper meta-model.ISISE – Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (PEstC/ECI/UI4029/2011 FCOM-01-0124-FEDER-022681)FCT– Portuguese Scientific Foundation for the research grant PD/BD/113677/2015European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No. 60622

Geochemistry of stream sediments southwards of the SW Variscan suture in Portugal (Guadiana and Chança river basins) : insights into element anomalies of variable origin and intensity

Stream sediment samples were collected in the Trindade–Chança region at 1034 sites for mineral exploration purposes during 1996–97. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Cr and Ni are high enough in most sample sites to allow data assessment by multi-element anomaly definition and threshold computation using the area concentration multifractal model technique. The regional threshold values are 20, 45, 30 and 15 ppm for Cu, Zn, Pb and Co respectively. Anomalies for Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Cr and Ni are delimited by first order local threshold values at 40, 94, 70, 21, 37 and 42 ppm. The main anomalies are clustered to the east-southeast of the surveyed region and reflect mixed contributions from a variety of sources, namely different volcanic units with local contributions from pelite rocks, contamination from old (abandoned) mining activities and hydrothermal mineralisation controlled by different fault zones

Study of retention-treatment basins in highways: case study of A24 (northern Portugal)

In runoff water from highways are diluted several pollutants, that can affect groundwater resources, that depend on the traffic, as well as, on the automobile wear, type of road, infrastructure installed and waterproofing area. These discharges have impacts on the environment. To mitigate such impacts usually there are used retention/treatment basins. In this paper there was analyzed runoff water quality and the efficiency of five basins located in a highway in northern Portugal, in a sensitive area, where are explored mineral waters. It was verified that the results are according with Portuguese legislation in terms of limits of discharge. The treatment efficiency of theses basins is good. The obtained results from the previous analyses were compared with others case studies with different traffic volume and different precipitation patterns

Characterization of greywater by appliance: pattern of discharge along the day

To improve water resources sustainability it is imperative to consider different approaches of water management, such as water reuse strategies. Greywater decentralised reuse seems to be more advantageous than total wastewater reuse, since it is less polluted and so, it is easier and cheaper to treat. To guarantee the success of a greywater reuse strategy it is necessary to know in detail the available flow by appliance and its variation along the day, as well as its quality. The diurnal variation of activity for each major appliance is studied in this paper, as well as, the typical medium volume associated to each discharge, in order to derive volume distribution graphs per domestic device. Additionally, a range of quality parameters were determined in order to reach pollutographs per appliance. This will give important information to the greywater reuse management

Modification of ZnO nanoparticles with silanes enables their application as anticancer agents

Abstract in proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of CiiEM: Health, Well-Being and Ageing in the 21st Century, held at Egas Moniz’ University Campus in Monte de Caparica, Almada, from 3–5 June 2019.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Características psicométricas de uma versão portuguesa do "Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2" (CSAI-2) : dados preliminares relativos à sua validade e estrutura factorial

Para analisar as características psicométricas do "Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2" (medida multidimensional do estado de ansiedade competitiva, com 27 itens), uma versão portuguesa foi administrada a 157 atletas de 5 modalidades (antes e depois da competição). Os dados obtidos sugerem uma estrutura de 3 factores idêntica à original, mas com a redução para 22 itens. Foram obtidos bons índices de fidelidade desta versão (.87 ansiedade cognitiva; .81 ansiedade somática; e .89 auto-confiança). Sugere-se a validade desta versão no estudo da relação ansiedade-rendimento desportivo

Prospeção geoquímica e avaliação do impacto ambiental no setor português da Faixa Piritosa Ibérica

ABSTRACT: This work intends to briefly report the history and application of geochemical exploration techniques in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). The use of geochemistry in IPB for exploration purposes started in 1950’s. Together with geophysics, the soil geochemical exploration surveys performed over several decades were responsible for important discoveries such as Carrasco and Feitais ore-bodies. However, the continuous development of analytical methods and the progress in data processing/modelling led to significant changes in the planning of sampling surveys, and their specific objectives, as well as in the accuracy of geochemical anomalies definition and corresponding interpretation. As a consequence, the number of samples involved in each survey was significantly reduced, but the chemical elements analysed with improved detection limits were considerably extended; additionally, geochemical anomalies were better resolved. Notwithstanding this evolution, data obtained in early soil geochemical surveys (notably by the Serviço de Fomento Mineiro) are still useful in the development of preliminary approaches at a regional scale. Over the years, many studies were made for exploration and environmental assessments, the most relevant of them reported in this chapter. Natural distributions of chemical elements were also identified in these studies as background (if pristine conditions are present) or baseline (depending how disturbed is the area covered by the sampling survey) values. Large part of IPB was, and still is, subjected to poly-metallic mineral exploration or mining, being also the focus of environmental evaluation and/or remediation projects on particular areas that, being the target of long-lasting human intervention, represent paradigmatic case-study examples. The exploration and exploitation works carried out by national and foreign private companies were, and still are, very important for innovative achievements in IPB along with copious contributions from the Portuguese R&D public institutions. Presently, LNEG possesses a vast quantity of geochemical data that can be provided for companies that wish to start their activity in the IPB; some of these datasets are compiled to a unique integrative map also presented in this work. Stream-sediments geochemistry, hydrogeochemistry and lithogeochemistry (of outcropping rock and drill-core samples) represent also important sources of geochemical data in regional or detailed studies over specific target areas in the IPB. However, these techniques are beyond the scope of the present paper which aimed at providing a general overview of the importance of soil geochemistry studies in the current knowledge of the IPB.RESUMO: A geoquímica é aqui abordada através da história da sua utilização na Faixa Piritosa Ibérica (FPI) e correspondente influência na evolução do conhecimento sobre os recursos minerais, distribuição natural dos elementos químicos e avaliação ambiental desta importante província metalogenética. Ao longo do tempo usaram-se na FPI técnicas analíticas cada vez mais precisas para determinar a concentração de um número crescente de elementos químicos. As campanhas de prospecção geoquímica tornaram-se assim progressivamente mais dispendiosas, levando à redução do número de amostras colhidas e analisadas em cada expedição. Consequentemente, no início da década de 1990, foi abandonado o uso de redes densas de amostragem de solos, muitas vezes elaboradas segundo uma esquadria retangular, como prática de rotina em campanhas de prospeção estratégica e tática, desenvolvidas pelos serviços do Estado vocacionados para este tipo de estudos, nomeadamente o Serviço de Fomento Mineiro (SFM). Reconhece-se, no entanto, que mesmo com um número reduzido de elementos químicos e baixa resolução analítica, a elevada densidade de amostragem combinada com diversas técnicas de geofísica desempenhou papel crucial na descoberta de jazigos de sulfuretos maciços na FPI, como são exemplo as massas Carrasco e Feitais em Aljustrel. Presentemente, as atividades de prospeção são maioritariamente desenvolvidas por empresas mineiras com contratos de pesquisa outorgados pelo Estado Português. O Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG) é o atual depositário de uma vasta informação de estudos geoquímicos, com destaque para um grande volume de dados produzido pelo SFM e por empresas. As bases de dados do LNEG são frequentemente requisitadas para efeitos de reavaliação de setores estratégicos da província e, em alguns casos, para reprocessamento de dados e reanálise de amostras físicas existentes em arquivo. Estudos geoquímicos desenvolvidos em áreas específicas da FPI são apresentados sumariamente neste artigo, abordando a importância do mapeamento geostatístico multivariado e multifractal de dados de geoquímica, para além de contribuir para a definição dos fundos (concentrações) naturais dos elementos metálicos com interesse económico; isto é, procurando identificar critérios objetivos úteis à separação entre o fundo geoquímico, o nível de referência e a anomalia. Todos estes estudos revelam que as formações constituintes do Complexo Vulcano Sedimentar (CVS - Devónico Superior – Carbónico Inferior) são fontes de metais como o Cu, Zn e Pb, podendo haver ainda alguma contribuição das sequências de metassedimentos pertencentes ao Grupo Filito-Quartzítico (Devónico Médio - Devónico Superior) e ao Grupo do Chança (Devónico Superior). Após um período de intensa prospeção e pesquisa mineral até finais dos anos 90 seguiu-se cerca de uma década e meia de abrandamento desta atividade na Europa, a qual foi, na FPI, gradualmente substituída por estudos de diagnóstico ambiental, procurando responder a novas inquietações sociais e políticas. Alguns desses estudos são também abordados de forma sumária neste capítulo, salientando os que contribuíram para a identificação e caracterização dos principais centros mineiros da FPI, geradores de grande volume de resíduos mineiros e importante drenagem ácida. Salientam-se ainda os sítios da província onde a atividade mineira decorreu por longo período de tempo (ex. S. Domingos, Aljustrel, Lousal e Caveira), em épocas em que o impacto ambiental não fazia parte das preocupações sociais, políticas e económicas das empresas mineiras e das entidades reguladoras. Nestes mesmos locais, e muito recentemente, como resposta à necessidade conjunta de tratamento/valorização de resíduos e salvaguarda da segurança de abastecimento de matérias-primas minerais na Europa (reduzindo a sua dependência externa e fomentando o seu crescimento económico), outros estudos geoquímicos têm vindo a ser realizados. Estes visam a identificação de novas oportunidades e mercados para os resíduos mineiros históricos, considerando-os como recursos secundários de matéria-prima que, por vezes, contêm quantidades acessórias de metais escassos e valiosos, alguns especialmente importantes na manufactura de componentes da “alta tecnologia”. A prospecção geoquímica não se restringe à geoquímica de solos, muito embora o presente artigo lhe seja inteiramente dedicado por a mesma representar uma abordagem geral dos trabalhos desenvolvidos na FPI, ao longo de mais de meio século.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stabilization in early adult-onset myopia with corneal refractive therapy

Purpose: To describe the stabilization of early adult-onset myopia in three university students after initiating orthokeratology treatment with corneal refractive therapy contact lenses. Methods: Three Caucasian early adult-onset progressing myopic subjects (1 male, 2 females) were fitted with corneal refractive therapy lenses to correct myopia between ?1.50 and ?2.50 D of sphere using Paragon CRT (Paragon Vision Sciences, Mesa, AZ)lenses for overnight orthokeratology. The pre-treatment refractive history from 2005 as well as refraction and axial length after treatment onset are reported over a period of 3 years between December 2009 and January 2013 with an additional year of follow-up after treatment discontinuation (January–December 2013). The peripheral refractive patterns and topographic changes are also reported individually. Results: Treatment was successful in all three subjects achieving uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better monocularly. During a period of 3 years of follow-up the subjects did not experience progression in their refractive error, nor in their axial length (measured during the last 2 years of treatment and 1 year after discontinuation). Furthermore, the subjects recovered to their baseline refraction and did not progressed further over the following year after lens wear discontinuation. Conclusions: We cannot attribute a causative effect to the orthokeratology treatment alone as underlying mechanism for myopia stabilization in this 3 patients. However, the present report points to the possibility of stabilization of early adult-onset myopia progression in young adults using corneal refractive therapy treatment.This study has been funded by FEDER through the COMPETE Program and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of projects PTDC/SAU-BEB/ 098391/2008, PTDC/SAU-BEB/098392/2008 and the Strategic Project PEST-C/FIS/UI607/2011