A Framework for Vulnerability Detection in Software Application H2S and Protection Against Command Injection Flaw

"Application Security Assessment" is a process of providing complete security to the application from various vulnerabilities. Through this paper we are trying to detect what all vulnerabilities does our application "H2S" has and try to understand how can it affect our application. Application is taken as input from the user along with applications docume ntation. Also, User ID and password is to be given by the customer. After having all the required documents, application is deeply studied and understood . The main benefit of this application is that users can prevent their application and the essential i nformation that an application has from getting affected by the external attackers. Firstly a threat profile is created and then vulnerabilities are checked. Various vulnera bilities checked by the project are: INJECTION FLAW , CROSS - SITE SCRIPTING (XSS) , C ROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY (CSRF) , RE - DIRECTIONAL FLAW , SESSION MANAGEMENT , MALICIOUS FILE EXECUTION, INSECURE DIRECT OBJECT REFERENCE , INFORMATION LEAKAGE AND IMPROPER ERROR HANDLING After checking for available vulnerabilities, risk is calculated using ris k ranking matrix and finally provide solution so that application fully secured from external attacks

Study on Crop Diversification through Area Status of Crops in Kharif Season of Chhattisgarh

In the State of Chhattisgarh, nicknamed the Rice Bowl of India, about 80% of the population is engaged in agriculture. It has been mostly engaged in the paddy-based mono-cropping system for a long period. So, crop diversification (a shift of area away from a less profitable crop toward more profitable ones) is one of the measures, expected to enhance the economic growth of the farmers in this State. Therefore, the present study attempts to assess the status of the area under different crops in the Kharif season in Chhattisgarh, based on secondary data for the period of 19 years, i.e., 2000-01 to 2018-19. For the Kharif season, the area is under crops such as pigeon pea and maize have, in general, increased over the period 2001-19. while the area under moong and sesamum over the period has decreased

Most frequent South Asian haplotypes of ACE2 share identity by descent with East Eurasian populations

It was shown that the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of recent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and variation in this gene may affect the susceptibility of a population. Therefore, we have analysed the sequence data of ACE2 among 393 samples worldwide, focusing on South Asia. Genetically, South Asians are more related to West Eurasian populations rather than to East Eurasians. In the present analyses of ACE2, we observed that the majority of South Asian haplotypes are closer to East Eurasians rather than to West Eurasians. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that the South Asian haplotypes shared with East Eurasians involved two unique event polymorphisms (rs4646120 and rs2285666). In contrast with the European/American populations, both of the SNPs have largely similar frequencies for East Eurasians and South Asians, Therefore, it is likely that among the South Asians, host susceptibility to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 will be more similar to that of East Eurasians rather than to that of Europeans

Customized implant full-mouth rehabilitation: A biomechanical depiction

The rationale for implant full-mouth rehabilitation is believed to present the better quality of life to the older population. This type of modalities preserves the soft and hard tissue of oral cavity. It is also helpful to check the temporomandibular joint disease. Literature exposes that implant full-mouth fixed rehabilitation is one of the taxing procedures in the field of prosthodontics. The current clinical report discusses a customized biomechanical approach for the fabrication of implant complete-mouth rehabilitation. A systematic approach in managing this patient can lead to a predictable and favorable prognosis. This article also presents the stages of prosthodontic rehabilitation from diagnosis to final treatment planning as a customized radiographical Gutta Percha template, precise implant surgery of 12 implants (ADIN, Dental Implant System, Israel) over the both the arches and provisional restorations with group function occlusion. Lastly, full-mouth restorations were fabricated as cement-retained (open hole) metal-ceramic restoration. Advocated patient is absolutely happy with customized implant full-mouth rehabilitation

Human satellite-III non-coding RNAs modulate heat-shock-induced transcriptional repression

The heat shock response is a conserved defense mechanism that protects cells from physiological stress, including the thermal stress. Besides the activation of heat shock protein genes, the heat shock response is also known to bring about global suppression of transcription, the mechanism for which however is poorly understood. One of the intriguing aspects of the heat shock response in human cells is the transcription of Satellite-III (Sat3) long-noncoding RNAs and their association with nuclear stress bodies (nSBs) of unknown function. Besides the Sat3 transcript, the nSBs are also known to recruit transcription factors HSF1, and CREBBP, and several RNA binding proteins, including the splicing factor SRSF1. We demonstrate here that the recruitment of CREBBP and SRSF1 to nSBs is Sat3-dependent, and that loss of Sat3 transcripts relieves the heat shock-induced transcriptional repression of a few target genes. Conversely, forced expression of Sat3 transcripts results in the formation of nSBs and the transcriptional repression even without a heat shock. Our results thus provide a novel insight into the regulatory role for the Sat3 transcripts in the heat shock-dependent transcriptional repression

Redesigning telemedicine: preliminary findings from an innovative assisted telemedicine healthcare model

Background: Telemedicine holds immense potential to revolutionise healthcare delivery, particularly in resource-limited settings and for patients with chronic diseases. Despite proven benefits and policy reforms, the use of telemedicine remains low due to several patient, technology, and system-level barriers. Assisted telemedicine employs trained health professionals to connect patients with physicians, which can improve access and scope of telemedicine. The study aims to describe the design, service utilisation and chronic disease outcomes following the implementation of an assisted telemedicine initiative. Methods: This is an observational implementation study. Barriers and potential solutions to the implementation of telemedicine were identified through interviews with key stakeholders. The assisted telemedicine solution using an interoperable platform integrating electronic health records, point-of-care diagnostics, and electronic clinical decision support systems was designed and piloted at three telemedicine clinics in Tamil Nadu, India. Nurses were trained in platform use and facilitation of tele-consultations. Health records of all patients from March 2021 to June 2023 were included in the analysis. Data were analysed to assess the utilisation of clinic services and improvements in health outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Results: Over 2.4 years, 11,388 patients with a mean age of 45 (± 20) years and median age of 48 years, predominantly female (59.3%), accessed the clinics. The team completed 15,437 lab investigations and 26,998 consultations. Among 5542 (48.6%) patients that reported chronic conditions, diabetes mellitus (61%) and hypertension (45%) were the most frequent. In patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, 43% and 75.3% were newly diagnosed, respectively. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension patients had significant reductions in fasting blood sugar (-33.0 mg/dL (95% CI (-42.4, -23.7, P < 0.001)), and systolic (-9.6 mmHg (95% CI (-12.1, -7.0), P < 0.0001)) and diastolic blood pressure (-5.5 mmHg (95% CI (-7.0, -4.08), P < 0.0001)) at nine months from first visit, respectively. Conclusions: The ‘Digisahayam’ model demonstrated feasibility in enhancing healthcare accessibility and quality by bridging healthcare gaps, diagnosing chronic conditions, and improving patient outcomes. The model presents a scalable and sustainable approach to revolutionising patient care and achieving digital health equity, with the potential for adaptation in similar settings worldwide

Identification of Ser/Thr kinase and Forkhead Associated Domains in <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans:</i> Characterization of Novel Association between Protein Kinase Q and MupFHA

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i>, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer in humans, is unique among the members of <i>Mycobacterium</i> genus due to the presence of the virulence determinant megaplasmid pMUM001. This plasmid encodes multiple virulence-associated genes, including <i>mup011</i>, which is an uncharacterized Ser/Thr protein kinase (STPK) PknQ.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>In this study, we have characterized PknQ and explored its interaction with MupFHA (Mup018c), a FHA domain containing protein also encoded by pMUM001. MupFHA was found to interact with PknQ and suppress its autophosphorylation. Subsequent protein-protein docking and molecular dynamic simulation analyses showed that this interaction involves the FHA domain of MupFHA and PknQ activation loop residues Ser¹⁷⁰ and Thr¹⁷⁴. FHA domains are known to recognize phosphothreonine residues, and therefore, MupFHA may be acting as one of the few unusual FHA-domain having overlapping specificity. Additionally, we elucidated the PknQ-dependent regulation of MupDivIVA (Mup012c), which is a DivIVA domain containing protein encoded by pMUM001. MupDivIVA interacts with MupFHA and this interaction may also involve phospho-threonine/serine residues of MupDivIVA.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Together, these results describe novel signaling mechanisms in <i>M. ulcerans</i> and show a three-way regulation of PknQ, MupFHA, and MupDivIVA. FHA domains have been considered to be only pThr specific and our results indicate a novel mechanism of pSer as well as pThr interaction exhibited by MupFHA. These results signify the need of further re-evaluating the FHA domain –pThr/pSer interaction model. MupFHA may serve as the ideal candidate for structural studies on this unique class of modular enzymes.</p></div

Systematic Analysis of Mycobacterial Acylation Reveals First Example of Acylation-mediated Regulation of Enzyme Activity of a Bacterial Phosphatase

Protein lysine acetylation is known to regulate multiple aspects of bacterial metabolism. However, its presence in mycobacterial signal transduction and virulence-associated proteins has not been studied. In this study, analysis of mycobacterial proteins from different cellular fractions indicated dynamic and widespread occurrence of lysine acetylation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins regulating diverse physiological processes were then selected and expressed in the surrogate host Mycobacterium smegmatis. The purified proteins were analyzed for the presence of lysine acetylation, leading to the identification of 24 acetylated proteins. In addition, novel lysine succinylation and propionylation events were found to co-occur with acetylation on several proteins. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB), a secretory phosphatase that regulates phosphorylation of host proteins and plays a critical role in Mycobacterium infection, is modified by acetylation and succinylation at Lys-224. This residue is situated in a lid region that covers the enzyme's active site. Consequently, acetylation and succinylation negatively regulate the activity of PtpB

Docking analysis of PknQ with MupFHA domain.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Homology modeling derived structural models showing docking of wild-type PknQ (stick diagram) with the wild-type FHA domain variable loop region of MupFHA (green ribbon diagram). Phosphate group (orange) has been added to Ser¹⁷⁰ and Thr¹⁷⁴ of PknQ and the phosphorylated residues have been renamed as Sep170 and Tpo174, respectively. The red encircled region of interaction has been enlarged in (<b>B</b>). The residues Arg⁴¹, Arg⁵³, Ser⁵⁵, Arg⁵⁶ and Ser⁷⁵ of MupFHA show stable interactions with the PknQ activation loop and form H-bonds with the negatively charged pSer¹⁷⁰ (Sep170) and pThr¹⁷⁴ (Tpo174). (<b>C</b>) Enlarged region of interaction between PknQ-pThr¹⁷⁴ and MupFHA. Canonical interaction of pThr¹⁷⁴ is observed showing H-bonds with Arg⁵³, Ser⁵⁵ and Ser⁷⁵ of MupFHA (see text). (<b>D</b>) Enlarged region of interaction between PknQ-pSer¹⁷⁰ and MupFHA. PknQ-pSer¹⁷⁰ is shown to be anchored by the residues Arg⁴¹ and Arg⁵⁶ of MupFHA. (<b>E</b>) Region of interaction between PknQ-pThr¹⁷⁴ and MupFHA^S55A (in red stick). (<b>F</b>) Region of interaction between PknQ-pSer¹⁷⁰ and MupFHA^R41A (in red stick). Both (E) and (F) show the loss of H-bond network and thus destabilized interaction between PknQ and MupFHA.</p