Työhyvinvointi palvelutalon henkilöstön kokemana

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoitus oli selvittää palvelutalon hoitajien työhyvinvointia heidän kokemanaan. Tavoite oli tuottaa tietoa hoitajien työhyvinvoinnista. Opinnäytetyötä voidaan hyödyntää työhyvinvoinnin kehittämisessä kyseisessä työpaikassa. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin laadullista tutkimusta. Tutkimustieto kerättiin avoimella kyselylomakkeella, johon hoitajat vastasivat essee muodossa. Kyselylomakkeet saatekirjeineen vietiin paikan päälle. Kaikkiaan kyselylomakkeita jaettiin 11 kpl, josta saatiin takaisin 9 kpl. Vastausprosentti työpaikalla oli siis 81.8 %. Tutkimuksen tuloksista voidaan havaita, että hoitotyö kyseisen yksikön työntekijöiden kokemana on kuormittavaa työtä. Hyvä ja avoin työyhteisö tukee työhyvinvointia toimipaikassa. Haasteellisena koettiin työnmäärä ja ristiriitaiset kokemukset esimiestyöstä.The purpose of this thesis was to investigate service home nurses’ wellbeing at work from their perspective. The aim of this thesis was generate empirical information about the nurses’ well-being at work. The results of this thesis can be used when developing the nurses’ wellbeing in the workplace in question. The research method used in the thesis was qualitative. The data was collected with an open questionnaire in which the nurses submitted their answers in an essay form. The questionnaires with their covering letters were taken to the service home. A total of eleven questionnaires were distributed and nine were returned. Hence, the return percentage was 81, 8 %. Based on the results of the study, it could be seen that nursing in the unit in question was stressful work. A good and open work community supports wellbeing at work. According to the nurses, the challenges in their work were related to their workload and to their conflicting experiences of the work of their superiors

The Impact of V Doping on the Carbothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous Mo Carbides

A series of bimetallic carbides of the form β-(Mo_1–<i>x</i>­V_<i>x</i>)₂­C (0 < <i>x</i> < 0.12) was synthesized by carbothermal reduction of corresponding <i>h</i>-Mo_1–<i>x</i>­V_<i>x</i>O₃ precursors. The oxides were synthesized by precipitation, and the subsequent carbide phase development was monitored. The reduction mechanism is discussed on the basis of observed structural evolution and solid-state kinetic data. The reduction is observed to proceed via a complex mechanism involving the initial formation of defective Mo^IV oxide. Increasing the V content retards the onset of reduction and strongly influences the kinetics of carburization. The carbides exhibit a trend in the growth morphology with V concentration, from a particulate-agglomerate material to a packed, nanofibrous morphology. The high-aspect-ratio crystallites exhibit pseudomorphism, and in the case of the V-containing materials, some preferential crystal orientation of grains is observed. An increasing mesoporosity is associated with the fibrous morphology, as well as an exceptionally high surface area (80–110 m²/g). The synthesis was subsequently scaled up. By adapting the heating rate, gas flow, and pretreatment conditions, it was possible to produce carbide materials with comparable physical properties to those obtained from the small scale. As a result, it was possible to synthesize Mo₂C materials in multigram quantities (5–15 g) with BET surface areas ranging from 50 to 100 m²/g, among the highest values reported in the literature

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms

Quantum-Chemical Investigation of Hydrocarbon Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Spin-Active Carbon Catalyst Clusters

Graphene-like carbon clusters with oxygen-saturated zigzag and armchair edges were used as models for density-functional theory investigations of the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of hydrocarbon molecules over carbon catalysts. The product of the first elementary step of the reaction, which is either a hydrocarbon radical or a surface ether, is found to be strictly dependent on the spin multiplicity of the catalyst, although energies of the initial state are spin-degenerate. The barriers of the first step of the ODH of light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and propane) over zigzag-edge carbon clusters are higher (59–104 kJ/mol) than those for ethylbenzene (18–58 kJ/mol), and the barrier of the second H abstraction is generally rate-limiting (82–106 kJ/mol). The armchair edge is passive toward reaction with hydrocarbons, but it reacts almost without a barrier with hydrocarbon radicals. The barrier of reoxidation by O₂ was found to decrease from 161 to 69 kJ/mol with an increasing level of saturation with H atoms