Detecting and classifying lesions in mammograms with Deep Learning

In the last two decades Computer Aided Diagnostics (CAD) systems were developed to help radiologists analyze screening mammograms. The benefits of current CAD technologies appear to be contradictory and they should be improved to be ultimately considered useful. Since 2012 deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been a tremendous success in image recognition, reaching human performance. These methods have greatly surpassed the traditional approaches, which are similar to currently used CAD solutions. Deep CNN-s have the potential to revolutionize medical image analysis. We propose a CAD system based on one of the most successful object detection frameworks, Faster R-CNN. The system detects and classifies malignant or benign lesions on a mammogram without any human intervention. The proposed method sets the state of the art classification performance on the public INbreast database, AUC = 0.95 . The approach described here has achieved the 2nd place in the Digital Mammography DREAM Challenge with AUC = 0.85 . When used as a detector, the system reaches high sensitivity with very few false positive marks per image on the INbreast dataset. Source code, the trained model and an OsiriX plugin are availaible online at https://github.com/riblidezso/frcnn_cad

Archeometric Investigation of the Stone Tools of the Vatya Culture (Pest County, Hungary)

With the analysis of the middle Bronze Age (2000–1350 BC) Vatya culture findings in Pest county (Central Hungary) comprising of more than 400 polished stone tools and instrument tools this is the first archaeometric study with such scale in Hungary. In order to characterize petrographically the raw-material of the stone tools macroscopic and microscopic stone analyses were made together with mineralogical and geochemical analyses. In the course of the work a new digital database the Archaeometric Stone Tool Database was established. Based on the results, the material of the instrument stones is mainly sandstone and quartzite that were easy to collect from their source areas. Local volcanics, mostly amphibole containing andesite variations dominated among the material of the polished stone tools. Ophiolites (metamorphic basic rocks, serpentinized basic and ultrabasic rocks) were the raw-material of stone axes that indicate either more distant travels for raw-material or exchange import

Miscellanea. Folyóirat-referátumok

A megismételt vágtafutás csökkenti a zsírokban dús étkezést követő triglyceridaemiát és kivédi az endothelfunkció romlását (Effect of repeated sprints on postprandial endothelial function and triacylglycerol concentrations in adolescent boys) Sedgwick, M. J., Morris, J. G., Nevill, M. E., et al. (School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Egyesült Királyság): J. Sports Sci., 2015, 33(8), 806–816. | A D-vitamin és az okspecifikus halálozás kockázata: áttekintő, összefoglaló és randomizált, valamint kohorszvizsgálatok metaanalízise (Vitamin D and risk of cause specific death: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort and randomised intervention studies) Chowdhury, R., Kunutsor, S., Vitezova, A., et al. (Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, Egyesült Királyság; e-mail: [email protected]. ac.uk): BMJ, 2014, 348, g1903

More than just noise? – Field investigations of intraspecific acoustic communication in dogs (Canis familiaris)

Besides being a widely investigated behavioural phenomenon, barks of dogs often represent a factor of nuisance for people. Although some argue that dog barking has no or only minimal communicative function, it was shown recently that these acoustic signals carry various information that humans can decipher. However, apart from a few laboratory studies, until now no targeted research has been done about the communicative role of barks in the intraspecific domain. In this field experiment companion dogs were tested with bark playbacks at home, in a suburban environment. From a hidden sound system, placed near to the gate outside of the property, each subject was exposed to pre-recorded barks of an unfamiliar and a familiar dog. Barks for the playbacks were recorded in two different contexts: when the dog was either left alone or when it was barking at a stranger at the fence. We found differences in the behaviour of dogs depending on both the familiarity and context of the playback barks. The position of the dogs (near the house or near the gate) was mainly influenced by the context of the barks (p = 0.011), in a significant interaction with the familiarity of the barking dog (p = 0.020). Subjects stayed at the gate (nearest to the source of the sound) the longest when they heard an unfamiliar dog barking at a stranger (padj = 0.012). Meanwhile they stayed at the house mostly during the barks of a lonely unfamiliar dog (padj = 0.001). Dogs oriented more towards the house (where the familiar dog stayed during the experiment) when they heard the familiar dog's barking (p = 0.019). Subjects barked more often when they heard the ‘stranger’ barks, independently of the familiarity of the caller (p = 0.035). As a conclusion, dogs seemingly distinguished among the callers based on familiarity and between the contexts of the barks. This is the first study on companion dogs in their natural environment that found evidence that dogs are able to extract detailed information from the barks. The relevance of our findings for the management of excessive bark is discussed

Miscellanea. Folyóirat-referátumok. Beszámoló

Folyóirat-referátumok. Gyermekgyógyászat Agyrázkódást követő pihenés és szigorú ágynyugalom gyermekeknél – egy randomizált vizsgálat (Benefits of strict rest after acute concussion: a randomized controlled trial) Thomas, D. G., Apps, J. N., Hoffmann, R. G., et al. (Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Amerikai Egyesült Államok; e-mail: [email protected]): Pediatrics, 2015, 135 (2), 213–223. | Szülészet Újítások a terheskönyvben és a praenatalis ultrahangszűrésben (Neuerungen im Mutterpass und pränatalen Ultraschallscreening) Siemer, J., Schild, R. L., Hoopmann, M . (Frauenklinik, Klinikum Pforzheim, Pforzheim, Németország): Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2013, 73 (7), R49–R62. | Beszámoló. XVII. Országos Járóbeteg- szakellátási Konferencia és a XI. Országos Járóbeteg- szakdolgozói Konferencia Balatonfüred, 2015. szeptember 16–18