Analytical Purity Method Development and Validation by gas Chromatography of L-valine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride for Production of Anti-hypertensive Drugs

Gas chromatography is the most widely used technique in pharmaceutical industry. Analytical chemistry research is largely driven by performance of sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, linear range, accuracy, precision. Validation is founded on but not specifically prescribed by regulatory requirements and is best viewed as an important and integral part of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice). Gas chromatography method has been developed for L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride. It is used for production of anti-hypertensive drug. The Gas Chromatography system was used for method development and method validation with an auto injector and detection was performed by means of flame ionization detector (FID) with capillary column DB-624, 30m length, 0.53mm diameter and 1.0µm thickness. Nitrogen an inert gas was used as carrier gas. The method was validated for precision (system precision and method repeatability), recovery, linearity range, robustness and sample solution stability. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirms the suitability of the method for purity of L-valine methyl ester hydrochlride. It has been found from data of validation criteria that the proposed method has adequate reproducibility and specificity therefore suitable in pharmaceutical industry. Key words: Validation, Gas chromatography, FID, GMP, Pharmaceutical industry

Kesesuain Karakteristik Pekerja dan Pekerja Pada Lingkungan Kerja Industri Mebel Ukir di Desa Petekeyan, Jepara-Jawa Tengah

This study aims to describe the work environment in the furniture industry based on the suitability of the characteristics of workers and jobs. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The study was conducted on a case that occurred at the center of the carving furniture industry in Petekeyen, Jepara-Central Java. Data collection techniques are done by interview, observation and documentation. Then the data is analyzed inductively. The results showed that the working environment in the carved furniture industry can be identified based on the suitability of the job characteristics namely the work risks faced to set safe working environment limits, the characteristics of the worker on the role of workers in his work in accordance with work procedures and work experience, and the value of the agreement norms that shape safe environmental behaviors and their interactions. The results of the study can be a material for recommendations for further research related to work environment issues that explore more deeply from the side of other phenomena that are based on cultural characteristics and safety behaviors and also on the wage mechanism so that it can know the utility value of wages and risks received

Antibiotic resistance among Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A in Pakistan (2001-2006).

Objectives: To compare antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A isolates from Pakistan. Methods: Blood samples were collected through \u3e 175 laboratory collection points in major cities and towns across the country. The study included 3,671 S. Typhi and 1,475 S. Paratyphi A isolates (2001-2006). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to first-line agents co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Results: In total, 79.3% S. Typhi and 59.9% S. Paratyphi A were isolated from Patients under 15 years of age. During the study period, the MDR rate increased in S. Typhi (34.2 to 48.5% p 1 microg/ml) increased in both S. Typhi (1.6 to 64.1% p4 microg/ml) was greater in S. Paratyphi A when compared to S. Typhi. Resistance to first-line drugs was higher in those Conclusion: Differences between S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, in terms of evolution of resistance to first-line agents and to quinolones, are evident in this population. The rapid increase in quinolone resistance in S. Paratyphi A when compared to S. Typhi is concerning and requires further study

Comparison of postoperative analgesia and sedation responses of intravenous dexmedetomidine and esmolol during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Although, the concept of laparoscopic surgeries has revolutionised the surgical practice and has markedly reduced the incidence of complications especially postoperative pain. However, the menace of postoperative pain still remains challenge, especially in first 24 hours. The present study was conducted to comparatively analyse the postoperative pain and sedation using intravenous dexmedetomidine and intravenous esmolol during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Study was conducted on 90 adult patients aged 18-60 years of ASA grade I or II of both genders, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomized into three groups of 30 patients each. Patients of group A received esmolol infusion (loading: 1 mg/kg and maintenance: 5-15 µg/kg/min), patients of group B received dexmedetomidine infusion (loading: 0.7 µg/kg and maintenance: 0.4 µg/kg/hour) and group C (control group) received normal saline infusion. During the post-operative period of 24 hours, patient were monitored for sedation using Ramsay sedation score like pain, using visual analogue score (VAS), incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and use of any drug for pain, vomiting and any other side effect.Results: Frequency of pain was highest in group C at all post periods, followed by group A and was least in group B. The mean sedation score of group B was comparatively higher as compared to both group C and group A.Conclusions: The inference authors drew was that dexmedetomidine is better analgesic with aurousable sedation

Studi Meta Analisis: Pengaruh Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi

Laporan penelitian ini membahas tentang penerapan model problem based-learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan Literasi numerasi

Pengaruh Aktiva Pajak Tangguhan Dan Beban Pajak Tangguhan Terhadap Earnings Response Coefficient

The purpose of this study is determine the influence of deferred tax assets and deferred tax expense on earnings response coefficient in partially. The study method used in this study was associative descriptive method. This type of study was a type of causality research. The population in this study were property and real estate manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 7 companies for 5 year, so the selected sample was 35 samples. By testing classical assumptions, and testing hypotheses and statistical analysis, namely multiple linier regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1) Deferred tax assets have no effect on earnings response coefficient, 2) Deferred tax expense have no effect on earnings response coefficient

Sexual dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia patients: results from European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial

Sexual dysfunctions (SDs) occur frequently in schizophrenia patients and have a huge impact on quality of life and compliance. They are often associated with antipsychotic medication. Nicotine consumption, negative or depressive symptoms, and physical illness are also discussed as contributing factors. Data on SD in first-episode schizophrenia patients are scarce.As part of the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial, first-episode schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to 5 medication groups. We assessed SD by analyzing selected items from the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersugelser at baseline and at 5 following visits.Differences between antipsychotics were small for all SDs, and fairly little change in the prevalence of SDs was seen over the course of the study. A significantly larger increase of amenorrhea and galactorrhea was seen with amisulpride than with the other medications. In men, higher age, more pronounced Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale general psychopathology symptoms, and higher plasma prolactin levels predicted higher rates of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptoms and higher age were predictors for decreased libido.In women, higher prolactin plasma levels were identified as a predictor of amenorrhea. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative symptoms predicted decreased libido.All evidence taken together underscores the influence of the disease schizophrenia itself on sexual functioning. In addition, there is a strong correlation between the prolactin-increasing properties of amisulpride and menstrual irregularities

Maternal and fetal attachment before birth: Trends in pregnant women of urban Karachi

Background: Maternal-fetal attachment is a multidimensional phenomenon and product of diverse physiological, psychological, and socio-emotional factors. The prenatal period is crucial in forming this bond and further predicts postnatal attachment.Methodology: The present research was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design. Sixty-six participants filled out the survey regarding practices, perceptions, and attitudes toward maternal-fetal attachment after attending an online session on Talking to the Baby in the Womb. Results: Analysis revealed that participants talk to their baby in their tummy. Wondering when the baby starts thinking, feeling, and hearing within also aids in forming a maternal-fetal relationship. A statistically significant difference (p=0.013) was found between HCP and PW in terms of attitude towards feeding the baby and perception of a mother giving up on the baby (p=0.04).Conclusion: The following research allows us to study the differences in the practices between healthcare providers and pregnant women so that interventions can be designed accordingly

Postnatal outcomes of infants affected by rhesus hemolytic disease in a tertiary care center in Northern India

Background: Advances in prenatal and postnatal care of neonates with rhesus hemolytic disease of the newborn (RHDN) have led to improved outcomes. Studies evaluating the postnatal outcomes in rhesus (Rh) isoimmunized infants from developing countries are limited. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the postnatal outcomes of neonates ≥32 weeks gestation with RHDN. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2016 in a tertiary care neonatal unit in North India. Neonates affected by RHDN were managed as per the standard protocol and were followed up for the first 6 months of life. Primary outcomes were the duration of phototherapy (PT), need for exchange transfusion (ET), occurrence of late-onset anemia, and need for top-up transfusions. Results: A total of 33 newborns with RHDN were included in the study. Median duration of PT was 138 h (interquartile range 64–188) and was inversely correlated with intrauterine transfusion number (Spearman correlation coefficient −0.46; p=0.02). Of 33 neonates with RHDN, 14 (42.4%) neonates required ET. Late-onset anemia was seen in 25 (75.7%) neonates and 17 (51.5%) required at least one top-up transfusion. Cholestasis was seen in 5 (15.1%) neonates. Conclusions: Despite advances in care, short-term morbidities in neonates affected by RHDN are common and require intensive management

Co-occurrence of pectenotoxins and Dinophysis miles in an Indonesian semi-enclosed bay

The study aims to unravel the variability of Dinophysis spp. and their alleged toxins in conjunction with environmental drivers in Ambon Bay. Phytoplankton samples, lipophilic toxins and physiochemical water properties were analysed during a 1.5-year period. Three Dinophysis species (D. miles, D. caudata, and D. acuminata) were found in plankton samples, of which D. miles was the most abundant and persistently occurring species. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and its secoacid (PTX2sa) were detected throughout, and PTX2sa levels strongly correlated with D. miles cell abundance. The toxin showed a positive correlation with temperature, which may suggest that D. miles cells contain rather constant PTX2sa during warmer months. Dissolved nitrate concentrations were found to play a major role in regulating cell abundances and toxin levels. This study adds adequate information regarding marine biotoxins and potentially toxic species for future Harmful Algal Bloom management in Ambon and Indonesia at large