Consequences of BSE on Consumers' Attitudes, Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Certified Beef in Spain

The BSE crisis has increased consumers' concerns on beef safety. Product quality systems and controls have been reinforced. Traceability certification and quality labels have been developed to communicate consumers the safety characteristics of the labelled beef and recover consumption. As a consequence, production costs have increased, which have been ultimately transmitted to consumer prices. The objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual model able to analyse main factors influencing consumers' willingness-to-pay for certified beef. A three-equation recursive model is jointly estimated. Results indicate that income, level of beef consumption, the average price consumers paid for beef and beef safety perception are main determinants of Spanish consumers' willingness- to-pay for certified beef.Certified beef, willingness-to-pay, attitudes, food safety, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Spanish Consumers' Attitudes and Acceptability towards GM Food Products

The objective of this paper is to analyse consumers’ attitudes and acceptability of GM food products in Spain. From the methodological point of view, a three-equation model of consumer behaviour is estimated assuming a kind of causal chain among the degree of knowledge, attitudes and buying intentions. Explanatory variables include socioeconomic characteristics of respondents as well as endogenous variables of the previous equations. The model provides a better knowledge of how attitudes and buying intentions towards GM food are formed. Higher educated consumers, more concerned about labelling information and less about price, and regular buyers of organic foods show a higher (not necessarily better) knowledge on GM technology and its consequences. However, those consumers with a lower level of knowledge, together with those who are not concerned about safety, are not used to recycle but to purchase fast food generate more positive attitudes towards GMs, which finally determine future purchasing intention.GM foods, Spain, consumers' attitudes, econometric model,

NUTRIENT EFFECTS ON CONSUMER DEMAND: A PANEL DATA APPROACH

The objective of this paper is to analyze the Spanish demand for food taking into account the consumer's concern about the relationship between food diet and health. This concern is forcing food demand analysts to assume that consumer utility is a function of nutrients instead of simply the food products themselves. A CBS demand model has been considered to model the new demand function obtained, which is estimated with a complete panel data set. Ten broad categories, nine nutrients and the most relevant socio-economic variables have been considered. Finally, after an appropriate model selection strategy, expenditure, price and nutrient elasticities, as well as main sociodemographic effects, have been calculated.Nutrients, demand for food, CBS, panel data, Spain., Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

The Impact of Price Intervention Policies to Improve Dietary Quality in Spain

Many commentators have claimed that farm subsidies have contributed significantly to the “obesity epidemic” by making fattening foods relatively cheap and abundant and, symmetrically, that taxing “unhealthy” commodities or subsidizing “healthy” commodities would contribute to reducing obesity rates. This paper makes three contributions. First, we review evidence from the literature on the impacts on food consumption and obesity resulting from subsidies applied in the past to production or consumption of farm commodities. Second, we develop and present new arguments and preliminary evidence on the impacts of past government investments in agricultural R&D on food consumption and obesity—through research-induced increases in agricultural productivity and the consequences for prices, production, and consumption of farm commodities. Third, we consider and compare the economic efficiency of hypothetical agricultural research policies (changing the orientation of agricultural research investments) versus hypothetical agricultural commodity subsidies and taxes as alternative mechanisms for encouraging consumption of healthy food or discouraging consumption of unhealthy food, or both.Spain, taxes, Food demand, Dietary quality, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy,

Spanish Demand for Food Away From Home: A Panel Data Approach

In this paper, the Spanish demand for food away from home is analysed. A panel data set is built and appropriate techniques for estimating limited dependent variable models have been applied. Results indicate that where there are zero expenditures, these are largely due to infrequency of purchase rather than to abstention or to economic reasons. Furthermore, important differences appear among households. On the one hand, those households whose head is a highly-educated person, male, young and living on a salary in a large town are more likely to purchase food away from home. On the other hand, increases in income only provokes more than proportional increases in expenditure for those households headed by an unschooled person, a female or a person older than 55 and also for those households with more than half of its members older than 60 years.Demand for food away from home, household production theory, panel data., Consumer/Household Economics, C23, C24, D12,

Embryology and fertility of the natural tetraploid Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Asteraceae, Vernonieae): taxonomic implications

Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) is a small natural tetraploid shrub that inhabits rocky highlands from South America. The population studied inhabits and covers an extensive region of a private reserve with high local biodiversity and animal and plant endemisms. With the purpose of providing insights into the cyto-embryology of this tetraploid species, the aims of this study were: to perform an ontogenetic study of the male and female gametophytes of L. plantaginoides; to carry out detailed meiotic analysis and evaluate the fertility of this species; to document and provide highlights on taxonomic implications of their reproductive aspects. Lessingianthus plantaginoides presented the following male and female gametophyte traits: dicotyledonous type of anther wall development, tetrahedral tetrads, 3-celled mature pollen grains; development of the chalazal megaspore, monosporic embryo sac and Polygonum type of megagametophyte development. The meiotic behavior was regular, the spores were tetrads of equal size and the pollen grains were highly stainable. Lessingianthus plantaginoides is a highly diplodized autotetraploid that reproduces sexually and has high meiotic regularity; which is apparently responsible for its colonization potential. It now seems certain that polyploid speciation plays a significant role in the establishment and diversification of the genus.Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) é um pequeno arbusto com tetraploidia natural que habita as formações rochosas da América do Sul. A população estudada ocorre e se estende por uma região de uma reserva privada com elevada biodiversidade local e endemismos de animais e vegetais. Com o intuito de fornecer conhecimentos sobre a citologia desta espécie tetraploide, realizamos um estudo ontogenético dos gametófitos masculinos e femininos de L. plantaginoides; fizemos uma análise meiótica detalhada e avaliamos a fertilidade desta espécie; documentamos e demos destaque às implicações taxonômicas dos seus aspectos reprodutivos. Lessingianthus plantaginoides apresentou os seguintes traços dos gametófitos masculinos e femininos: desenvolvimento da parede da antera é do tipo dicotiledôneo, tétrades tetraédricas, grãos de pólen maduros tricelular; desenvolvimento do megásporo calazal, saco embrionário monospórico e desenvolvimento do megagametófito tipo Polygonum. O comportamento meiótico é regular, os esporos são tétrades de igual tamanho e os grãos de pólen são altamente tingíveis. Lessingianthus plantaginoides é um autotetraplóide com alta diplodização que se reproduz sexualmente e tem uma elevada regularidade meiótica; o que é aparentemente responsável pelo seu potencial de colonização. Ao que tudo indica a especiação poliplóide desempenha um papel significativo no estabelecimento e diversificação do gênero.Fil: Pérez, Yanina de Jesús. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Angulo, Maria Betiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Honfi, Ana Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Dematteis, Massimiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Embryology and fertility of the natural tetraploid Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Asteraceae, Vernonieae): taxonomic implications

Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) is a small natural tetraploid shrub that inhabits rocky highlands from South America. The population studied inhabits and covers an extensive region of a private reserve with high local biodiversity and animal and plant endemisms. With the purpose of providing insights into the cyto-embryology of this tetraploid species, the aims of this study were: to perform an ontogenetic study of the male and female gametophytes of L. plantaginoides; to carry out detailed meiotic analysis and evaluate the fertility of this species; to document and provide highlights on taxonomic implications of their reproductive aspects. Lessingianthus plantaginoides presented the following male and female gametophyte traits: dicotyledonous type of anther wall development, tetrahedral tetrads, 3-celled mature pollen grains; development of the chalazal megaspore, monosporic embryo sac and Polygonum type of megagametophyte development. The meiotic behavior was regular, the spores were tetrads of equal size and the pollen grains were highly stainable. Lessingianthus plantaginoides is a highly diplodized autotetraploid that reproduces sexually and has high meiotic regularity; which is apparently responsible for its colonization potential. It now seems certain that polyploid speciation plays a significant role in the establishment and diversification of the genus.Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) é um pequeno arbusto com tetraploidia natural que habita as formações rochosas da América do Sul. A população estudada ocorre e se estende por uma região de uma reserva privada com elevada biodiversidade local e endemismos de animais e vegetais. Com o intuito de fornecer conhecimentos sobre a citologia desta espécie tetraploide, realizamos um estudo ontogenético dos gametófitos masculinos e femininos de L. plantaginoides; fizemos uma análise meiótica detalhada e avaliamos a fertilidade desta espécie; documentamos e demos destaque às implicações taxonômicas dos seus aspectos reprodutivos. Lessingianthus plantaginoides apresentou os seguintes traços dos gametófitos masculinos e femininos: desenvolvimento da parede da antera é do tipo dicotiledôneo, tétrades tetraédricas, grãos de pólen maduros tricelular; desenvolvimento do megásporo calazal, saco embrionário monospórico e desenvolvimento do megagametófito tipo Polygonum. O comportamento meiótico é regular, os esporos são tétrades de igual tamanho e os grãos de pólen são altamente tingíveis. Lessingianthus plantaginoides é um autotetraplóide com alta diplodização que se reproduz sexualmente e tem uma elevada regularidade meiótica; o que é aparentemente responsável pelo seu potencial de colonização. Ao que tudo indica a especiação poliplóide desempenha um papel significativo no estabelecimento e diversificação do gênero.Fil: Pérez, Yanina de Jesús. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Angulo, Maria Betiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Honfi, Ana Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Dematteis, Massimiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentin

Reduction-Responsive Cationic Vesicles from Bolaamphiphiles with Ionizable Amino Acid or Dipeptide Polar Heads

This paper presents a study of the aggregation of cationic bolaamphiphilic molecules into vesicles. These molecules are based on a cystamine core with protonated terminal dipeptide groups. The study found that vesicles can be formed at pH 4 for all of the dipeptide-terminated bolaamphiphiles containing different combinations of L-valine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan. The concentration for aggregation onset was determined by using pyrene as a fluorescent probe or light dispersion for compounds with tryptophan. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that the vesicles have diameters ranging from 140 to 500 nm and show the capability of loading hydrophobic cargos, such as Nile red, and their liberation in reductive environments. Furthermore, the bolaamphiphiles are only fully protonated and prone to vesicle formation at acidic pH, making them a promising alternative for gastrointestinal delivery.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

Revestimiento de superficies scaffolds “espumas de Mg” con soluciones de colágeno para evaluar la velocidad de corrosión en un ambiente simulado de condiciones fisiológicas

Reviste las superficies de scaffolds “espumas de Mg” con distintas concentraciones de solución de colágeno para evaluar la velocidad de biocorrosión en un ambiente simulado de condiciones fisiológicas. En el campo innovador de los nuevos materiales, los scaffolds "espumas de magnesio" particularmente las aleaciones AZ31 se han vuelto una alternativa sumamente oportuna en situaciones donde se requiere la utilización de implantes ortopédicos. Sus funciones de biocompatibilidad, biodegradabilidad, propiedades mecánicas y promoción de la regeneración ósea hacen que este dispositivo temporal sea adecuado para evitar una nueva intervención quirúrgica como también dolencias e incomodidad.Perú. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado. Programa de Promoción de Tesis de Pregrado. C19070351-PCONFIG

Análisis de la calidad de vida en los países de la OCDE: Convergencia y bienestar

El bienestar y la calidad de vida es un problema económico y de reputación de las economías mundiales a la hora de marcar su territorio en el mercado global. La creciente preocupación por el mismo y la extensa información recopilada por la OCDE, es un marco extraordinario para desarrollar este proyecto. La particularidad, es la elección de una variable fácilmente comprensible y muy accesible, la renta per cápita. A través de su evolución desde el año 2000, hasta el 2014, vamos a intentar demostrar que existe un estado estacionario común para los países de la OCDE. Esta posible convergencia, debería poder explicar la tendencia en el bienestar de estas zonas. La problemática de la relación entre renta y bienestar, será discutida basándose en datos teóricos y empíricos. Las conclusiones que se extraigan serán útiles para comprender la coyuntura mundial y las políticas económicas que se adoptaran en próximos ejercicios