CCDM Model with Spatial Curvature and The Breaking of "Dark Degeneracy"

Creation of Cold Dark Matter (CCDM), in the context of Einstein Field Equations, leads to a negative creation pressure, which can be used to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Recently, it has been shown that the dynamics of expansion of such models can not be distinguished from the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model, even at higher orders in the evolution of density perturbations, leading at the so called "dark degeneracy". However, depending on the form of the CDM creation rate, the inclusion of spatial curvature leads to a different behavior of CCDM when compared to $\Lambda$CDM, even at background level. With a simple form for the creation rate, namely, $\Gamma\propto\frac{1}{H}$, we show that this model can be distinguished from $\Lambda$CDM, provided the Universe has some amount of spatial curvature. Observationally, however, the current limits on spatial flatness from CMB indicate that neither of the models are significantly favored against the other by current data, at least in the background level.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Bayesian analysis of CCDM Models

Creation of Cold Dark Matter (CCDM), in the context of Einstein Field Equations, leads to negative creation pressure, which can be used to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe. In this work we tested six different spatially flat models for matter creation using statistical tools, at light of SN Ia data: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Bayesian Evidence (BE). These approaches allow to compare models considering goodness of fit and number of free parameters, penalizing excess of complexity. We find that JO model is slightly favoured over LJO/$\Lambda$CDM model, however, neither of these, nor $\Gamma=3\alpha H_0$ model can be discarded from the current analysis. Three other scenarios are discarded either from poor fitting, either from excess of free parameters.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables. Corrected some text and language in new versio

The Fertilization of Forage Grasses with Phosphorus in the Cerrado Area of Uberaba-MG, Brazil

Using an area of Cerrado at the EPAMIG Experimental Station in Uberaba - MG, it was studied the response of four forage grasses to phosphorus application. It was used the grasses: Andropogon gayanus, Brachiaria brizantha, Hyparrhenia rufa, and Panicum maximum. The phosphorus fertilizer used was a yoorin termophosphate and the doses were: 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha of P2O5. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Each experimental unit measured 6x8m and the measured parameters were: dry matter production, protein production, percentage of dry matter, and protein, and the plant height at cutting time. The application of phosphorus increased dry matter production , crude protein production, and the plant height. Crude protein and dry matter contents were not influenced by the fertilization with phosphorus

Analytical results for long time behavior in anomalous diffusion

We investigate through a Generalized Langevin formalism the phenomenon of anomalous diffusion for asymptotic times, and we generalized the concept of the diffusion exponent. A method is proposed to obtain the diffusion coefficient analytically through the introduction of a time scaling factor $\lambda$. We obtain as well an exact expression for $\lambda$ for all kinds of diffusion. Moreover, we show that $\lambda$ is a universal parameter determined by the diffusion exponent. The results are then compared with numerical calculations and very good agreement is observed. The method is general and may be applied to many types of stochastic problem

Ocorrência e sobrevivência de Botryodiplodia theobromae Papouillard em sementes de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) produzidas no estado de Minas Gerais.

No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a ocorrência de B. theobromae (Papouillard 1892) em sementes de algodoeiro das regiões do Triângulo e Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, safra 90/91, utilizando-se sementes com e sem linter. O fungo foi detectado em 100% das amostras de sementes provenientes da região do Triângulo, independentemente da presença de linter. Na região Norte, foi detectado em 90,2 e 82% das sementes analisadas com e sem linter, respectivamente. Os níveis de ocorrência nas amostras estiveram, em geral, abaixo de 25%, que é a proposta para o padrão de tolerância do fungo na classe de sementes certificadas/ fiscalizadas no Brasil e menores na região Norte. A maioria das amostras apresentou crescimento médio de B.theobromae por semente, cobrindo mais de 50% de sua superfície visível, estimado através da atribuição de notas. A ocorrência de B. theobromae em sementes armazenadas durante 11 meses, sofreu declinio acentuado a partir do quarto mês e atingiu níveis próximos a zero a partir do oitavo mês, quando as sementes foram mantidas em ambiente de laboratório. A ocorrência do patógeno foi preservada ao longo deste período, quando as sementes foram mantidas em câmara fria e seca. A avaliação do percentual de germinação das sementes realizada em três épocas. durante o período de armazenamento, mostrou aumento aos 6 e 11 meses. sendo este efeito maior em ambiente de laboratório

Metabolic profiling and biological capacity of Pieris brassicae fed with kale (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Acephala).

Vegetables of the Brassica group are the most commonly grown and consumed worldwide. Food plants with apparent cancer and cardiovascular di sease-preventing properties include several varieties of Brassica oleraceae. The majority of the herbivorous insect species are specialized feeders, for which the behavioral decision to accept a plant as food or oviposition substrate is mainly related with sensory information. Pieris insects (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) are specialist herbivores of cruciferous plants