Prevalência de HIV, sífilis e hepatites virais entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da saúde na atenção básica e de média complexidade em Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia

O trabalho em saúde é mediado pelos seus profissionais num eixo entre o ambiente físico e condições psicológicas. Assim, processos dinâmicos e as relações do trabalho tendem a gerar uma ordem dualista de saúde/doença, agravada pelos acidentes de trabalho e condições ocupacionais, requerendo ações de vigilância epidemiológica (BRASIL, 2002)

Situação vacinal dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da saúde na atenção básica e média complexidade em Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia

A imunização por meio da vacinação é uma das medidas mais eficazes na redução da morbidade e mortalidade por doenças imunopreveníveis e parte essencial dos programas de controle e prevenção de infecção para os profissionais de saúde (PINTO; ALMEIDA; PINHEIRO, 2011)

MONITORAMENTO DA INFECÇÃO LATENTE POR TUBERCULOSE EM TRABALHADORES E TRABALHADORAS DA SAÚDE DE FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHIA

Segundo dados coletados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS, 2018), a tuberculose (TB) no mundo foi uma das 10 principais causas de morte, principal causa de morte por um único agente infeccioso em pessoas vivendo com HIV (cerca de 251.000 óbitos), aproximadamente 10 milhões de pessoas foram acometidas por esta doença, sendo 500.000 casos de TB resistente a rifampicina (TB-RR) dos quais 390.000 eram TB multirresistente (TB-MR) e estimou-se 1,2 milhão de mortes ocorridas em pessoas HIV-negativos. Apesar de ser uma doença com tratamento desde a década de 60, ela continua a ser um problema de saúde pública e uma preocupação mundial

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS ACIDENTES DE TRABALHO COM EXPOSIÇÃO A MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO ENTRE TRABALHADORES DO SETOR SAÚDE DE SANTO ANTÔNIO DE JESUS, BA

Os trabalhadores da saúde (TS), segundo Orestes-Cardoso (2009) são sujeitos a um ambiente causador de doenças, com os mais diversos riscos e fatores predisponentes ao desequilíbrio biopsicossocial. Dentre esses, atualmente, há um crescente aumento no número de pesquisas em doenças infecciosas pelo mundo, sendo estas, hepatites virais (B e C), sífilis, arboviroses e HIV

AVALIAÇÃO DE MARCADORES LABORATORIAIS DE ANEMIA EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é um quadro capaz de produzir declínio significativo da capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos (FASSBINDER, 2015)

PERFIL DE MARCADORES LABORATORIAIS DO METABOLISMO MINERAL E ÓSSEO EM INDIVÍDUOS SOB TERAPIA DIALÍTICA

De acordo com a National Kidney Foundation (NKF), a Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) abrange um conjunto de condições com potencial de degradar progressivamente e irreversivelmente as funções renais (NKF, 2002). Ela é caracterizada por início silencioso que dificulta o diagnóstico precoce, e, quando instalada, produz sofrimento acentuado, impacto financeiro importante e redução da funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. Durante esse processo, existem complicações que estão associadas à maior velocidade de progressão da doença, redução da qualidade de vida e aumento da mortalidade, incluindo o distúrbio mineral e ósseo da doença renal crônica (DMO-DRC) (NKF, 2002; KDIGO, 2013)

Effect of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of preterm and low birth weight infants: systematic review

Premature infants have an immature intestinal microbiota when compared to a full-term baby, colonized with a reduced number of beneficial bacterial species and, therefore, are more likely to have their microbiota populated by pathogenic species. The administration of probiotics can positively influence the intestinal colonization of premature babies. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review evidences of the effect of administering probiotics on the microbiota of premature newborns and their safety. It was designed as follows: population (premature newborns), intervention (probiotics), comparison (placebo or no treatment), outcome (changes in the microbiota of premature newborns), study type (randomized clinical trials). The studies were searched in the Cochrane Library, Medline via PubMed and Embase databases and, in a complementary way, through manual searches on Google Scholar and the Brazilian CAPES journal portal (www.periodicos.capes.gov.br). We included 23 studies involving 3,670 preterm infants, of which 65.2% (n=15) were classified as having a low risk of bias, 17.4% (n=4) with some risk of bias and 17.4% (n= 4) with high risk of bias. Probiotics have been used in order to colonize the intestinal microbiota. Finally, some Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains tested seem to have benefits and safety for the microbiota and health of premature newborns

Socioeconomic risk markers of leprosy in high-burden countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Over 200,000 new cases of leprosy are detected each year, of which approximately 7% are associated with grade-2 disabilities (G2Ds). For achieving leprosy elimination, one of the main challenges will be targeting higher risk groups within endemic communities. Nevertheless, the socioeconomic risk markers of leprosy remain poorly understood. To address this gap we systematically reviewed MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science for original articles investigating the social determinants of leprosy in countries with > 1000 cases/year in at least five years between 2006 and 2016. Cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, and ecological studies were eligible for inclusion; qualitative studies, case reports, and reviews were excluded. Out of 1,534 non-duplicate records, 96 full-text articles were reviewed, and 39 met inclusion criteria. 17 were included in random-effects meta-analyses for sex, occupation, food shortage, household contact, crowding, and lack of clean (i.e., treated) water. The majority of studies were conducted in Brazil, India, or Bangladesh while none were undertaken in low-income countries. Descriptive synthesis indicated that increased age, poor sanitary and socioeconomic conditions, lower level of education, and food-insecurity are risk markers for leprosy. Additionally, in pooled estimates, leprosy was associated with being male (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.06-1.67), performing manual labor (RR = 2.15, 95% CI = 0.97-4.74), suffering from food shortage in the past (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.05-1.85), being a household contact of a leprosy patient (RR = 3.40, 95% CI = 2.24-5.18), and living in a crowded household (≥5 per household) (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.14-1.67). Lack of clean water did not appear to be a risk marker of leprosy (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.65-1.35). Additionally, ecological studies provided evidence that lower inequality, better human development, increased healthcare coverage, and cash transfer programs are linked with lower leprosy risks. These findings point to a consistent relationship between leprosy and unfavorable economic circumstances and, thereby, underscore the pressing need of leprosy control policies to target socially vulnerable groups in high-burden countries

Correction: Geographic and socioeconomic factors associated with leprosy treatment default: An analysis from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007714.]

Geographic and socioeconomic factors associated with leprosy treatment default: An analysis from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Although leprosy is largely curable with multidrug therapy, incomplete treatment limits therapeutic effectiveness and is an important obstacle to disease control. To inform efforts to improve treatment completion rates, we aimed to identify the geographic and socioeconomic factors associated with leprosy treatment default in Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using individual participant data collected in the Brazilian national registries for social programs and notifiable diseases and linked as part of the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, we evaluated the odds of treatment default among 20,063 leprosy cases diagnosed and followed up between 2007 and 2014. We investigated geographic and socioeconomic risk factors using a multivariate hierarchical analysis and carried out additional stratified analyses by leprosy subtype and geographic region. Over the duration of follow-up, 1,011 (5.0%) leprosy cases were observed to default from treatment. Treatment default was markedly increased among leprosy cases residing in the North (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.25-1.97) and Northeast (OR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.17-1.78) regions of Brazil. The odds of default were also higher among cases with black ethnicity (OR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.01-1.69), no income (OR = 1.41; 95%CI 1.07-1.86), familial income ≤ 0.25 times Brazilian minimum wage (OR = 1.42; 95%CI 1.13-1.77), informal home lighting/no electricity supply (OR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.28-1.82), and household density of > 1 individual per room (OR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.10-1.66). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study indicate that the frequency of leprosy treatment default varies regionally in Brazil and provide new evidence that adverse socioeconomic conditions may represent important barriers to leprosy treatment completion. These findings suggest that interventions to address socioeconomic deprivation, along with continued efforts to improve access to care, have the potential to improve leprosy treatment outcomes and disease control