10 research outputs found
METODOLOGIAS EM TESES DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA
O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados do levantamento das metodologias de pesquisa utilizadas nas teses de doutorado em Administração na área de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC). Foram analisadas as teses defendidas na última década (2001 a 2010) dos cursos de Administração brasileiros com avaliação CAPES mínima de cinco no triênio de 2007 a 2010. Os resultados foram comparados com estudos internacionais e brasileiros. Predominam os estudos empíricos (75% do total) e o emprego de métodos qualitativos (82%), tendo oito destas teses (29%) utilizado também métodos quantitativos. Em consonância com as revisões de literatura em RSC anteriores, foi observada a adoção preferencial pelo método de estudos de caso (64%) e de survey (36%). Conclui-se que as teses na área de RSC não parecem estar sujeitas de forma tão proeminente à exigência de método quantitativo da maioria das publicações acadêmicas. Estes resultados seguem direções diferentes das encontradas nas revisões de literatura anteriores
The Enteric Glial Network Acts in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis and in Intestinal Disorders
The enteric nervous system (ENS), also known as second brain, innervates our gastrointestinal tract controlling its functions, such as motility, fluid secretion, nutrient absorption, and even involvement in the control of immunity and inflammatory processes. In the gut, the gliocytes are known as enteric glial cells (EGCs). Enteric glial cells form a network that permeates the entire gut. Enteric glia express the cell surface hemichannel of connexin-43 (Cx43) necessary for the propagation of Ca2 + responses, necessary to maintain their functions. In this chapter, besides the development of ENS and its glial cells and the similarities with the astrocytes in the central nervous system, we approached the important role of the glial network in the control of gut homeostasis, in the interaction with the immune system, and its participation in pathological conditions. EGCs are even capable of replacing lost neurons. Thus the enteric glia is a multifunctional cell, which through its multiple interactions maintains the integrity of the ENS allowing it to be resistant to the different and constant aggressions suffered by the digestive system
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data
Ethical Decision-Making: The Role of Self-Monitoring, Future Orientation, and Social Networks
[pt] ÉTICA NA TOMADA DE DECISÕES: O PAPEL DO AUTO MONITORAMENTO, ORIENTAÇÃO FUTURA E REDES SOCIAIS
Apesar da crescente consciência dos problemas éticos nas empresas,
diariamente são divulgadas notícias de fraude e corrupção mostrando o quanto
ainda é necessário ser feito para coibir o comportamento antiético. Esta pesquisa
se propõe a contribuir na compreensão do processo de tomada de decisão ética por
meio da adoção de múltiplos e simultâneos fatores (individuais e situacionais).
Baseado em uma extensa revisão da literatura, este estudo propõe uma teoria
integrada dos conceitos de auto monitoramento e orientação futura como fatores
individuais e redes sociais no ambiente de trabalho para analisar sua influência em
tomadas de decisões éticas. Um questionário e um experimento, ambos online,
foram utilizados para descobrir fontes de intenção e comportamento antiético. A
amostra foi composta, principalmente, por indivíduos em cargos de gestão de
diferentes indústrias, incluindo um número considerável de mulheres em cargos
corporativos de alto nível. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se diferentes
ferramentas quantitativas – modelagem de equações estruturais e análise de
agrupamento – para fornecerem resultados complementares sobre a teoria. Este
estudo encontrou evidências de que não só fatores individuais, especialmente auto
monitoramento, mas também a estrutura fechada da rede social do indivíduo
aumentam o risco de tomada de decisão antiética. Além disso, o gênero
desempenha um papel diferenciado na estrutura de rede dos entrevistados. Um
padrão invertido da estrutura da rede surgiu entre os entrevistados que escolheram
as opções antiéticas, em comparação com a estrutura da rede dos entrevistados
éticos. Os resultados forneceram evidências de que fatores individuais e a
consequente criação de redes sociais interagem proporcionado risco mais elevado
de decisões antiéticas.Despite the growing awareness of ethical problems in corporations, the daily
news around the world is replete with cases of fraud and corruption, suggesting
that much is still to be understood to curb unethical behavior. This research
represents a step forward to our understanding of ethical decision-making through
the adoption of multiple and simultaneous factors. Based on an extensive review
of the literature, this study proposed an integrated theory of self-monitoring,
temporal orientation as individual factors, and social networks influencing
unethical options. A web survey and a web experiment were used to uncover
sources of unethical intention and behavior. The sample consisted mostly of
individuals from management positions in different industries, including a
considerable number of women in high-level corporate positions. Data were
analyzed using different quantitative analytical tools – structure equation
modeling and cluster analysis –to provide supplemental results over theory. This
study found evidence that individual factors, especially self-monitoring but also
future orientation, increase the risk of unethical decision-making. Moreover,
gender plays a role in the network structure, and the high self-monitors in network
closure are the ones who increase the likelihood of unethical acts. An inverted
pattern of the network structure emerged among respondents who chose the
unethical options, compared to the network structure of the ethical respondents.
The findings provided evidence about the different dynamics of how individual
factors influence the creation of social networks, and how the connection of these
two can pose a higher risk of unethical business decision-making
Metodologias em teses de responsabilidade social corporativa
O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados do levantamento das metodologias de pesquisa utilizadas nas teses de doutorado em Administração na área de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC). Foram analisadas as teses defendidas na última década (2001 a 2010) dos cursos de Administração brasileiros com avaliação CAPES mínima de cinco no triênio de 2007 a 2010. Os resultados foram comparados com estudos internacionais e brasileiros. Predominam os estudos empíricos (75% do total) e o emprego de métodos qualitativos (82%), tendo oito destas teses (29%) utilizado também métodos quantitativos. Em consonância com as revisões de literatura em RSC anteriores, foi observada a adoção preferencial pelo método de estudos de caso (64%) e de survey (36%). Conclui-se que as teses na área de RSC não parecem estar sujeitas de forma tão proeminente à exigência de método quantitativo da maioria das publicações acadêmicas. Estes resultados seguem direções diferentes das encontradas nas revisões de literatura anteriores
Ethical Decision-Making: The Role of Self-Monitoring, Future Orientation, and Social Networks
This study examines the influence of individual factors (self monitoring, temporal orientation) on social networking, and their relationship with unethical decision-making. The study used surveys to measure the unethical intentions and social network data of 129 professionals. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings provided evidence that individual factors influence the development of social networks and, along with self-monitoring, the likelihood of unethical decision-making. In particular, being in positions of lower network centrality increased individuals’ risk of unethical intention. One explanation stems from the need for high situation control to reduce risk and ensure the success of an event, which only a closed network can provide. However, ethical low self-monitor women were also found to have low centrality, so social networks alone do not explain ethical decision-making. This research represents a step forward in our understanding of ethical decision-making through the adoption of multiple and simultaneous factors, proposing an integrated theory of individual and situational factors influencing unethical options
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORK AND SELF-MONITORING ON CAREER
This study aims to explore individual differences (gender and self-monitoring) and social network patterns of professionals, in order to explain barriers on women striving to ascend to the top of organizations, since a self-monitoring personality and social networks have both been found to affect performance evaluation, promotions and career in organizations. The results showed that males in management positions displayed the same network pattern, whereas females had different networks patterns, depending on their self-monitoring. Furthermore, social network differences were enhanced regarding low self-monitor males and females. High self-monitors males in gender homophilic networks were the ones more related to higher positions in the organization’s hierarchy. The contribution of these findings are discussed, with suggestions for future researc
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORK AND SELF-MONITORING ON CAREER
This study aims to explore individual differences (gender and self-monitoring) and social network patterns of professionals, in order to explain barriers on women striving to ascend to the top of organizations, since a self-monitoring personality and social networks have both been found to affect performance evaluation, promotions and career in organizations. The results showed that males in management positions displayed the same network pattern, whereas females had different networks patterns, depending on their self-monitoring. Furthermore, social network differences were enhanced regarding low self-monitor males and females. High self-monitors males in gender homophilic networks were the ones more related to higher positions in the organization’s hierarchy. The contribution of these findings are discussed, with suggestions for future researc
Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease: an observational study
Published by Elsevier Ltd.Background: Differences in the distribution of individual-level clinical risk factors across regions do not fully explain the observed global disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to investigate the associations between environmental and societal factors and country-level variations in mortality attributed to COVID-19 among people with rheumatic disease globally.
Methods: In this observational study, we derived individual-level data on adults (aged 18-99 years) with rheumatic disease and a confirmed status of their highest COVID-19 severity level from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry, collected between March 12, 2020, and Aug 27, 2021. Environmental and societal factors were obtained from publicly available sources. The primary endpoint was mortality attributed to COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations between environmental and societal factors and death, after controlling for individual-level risk factors. We used a series of nested mixed-effects models to establish whether environmental and societal factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death.
Findings: 14 044 patients from 23 countries were included in the analyses. 10 178 (72·5%) individuals were female and 3866 (27·5%) were male, with a mean age of 54·4 years (SD 15·6). Air pollution (odds ratio 1·10 per 10 μg/m3 [95% CI 1·01-1·17]; p=0·0105), proportion of the population aged 65 years or older (1·19 per 1% increase [1·10-1·30]; p<0·0001), and population mobility (1·03 per 1% increase in number of visits to grocery and pharmacy stores [1·02-1·05]; p<0·0001 and 1·02 per 1% increase in number of visits to workplaces [1·00-1·03]; p=0·032) were independently associated with higher odds of mortality. Number of hospital beds (0·94 per 1-unit increase per 1000 people [0·88-1·00]; p=0·046), human development index (0·65 per 0·1-unit increase [0·44-0·96]; p=0·032), government response stringency (0·83 per 10-unit increase in containment index [0·74-0·93]; p=0·0018), as well as follow-up time (0·78 per month [0·69-0·88]; p<0·0001) were independently associated with lower odds of mortality. These factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death attributable to COVID-19 (intraclass correlation coefficient 1·2% [0·1-9·5]; p=0·14).
Interpretation: Our findings highlight the importance of environmental and societal factors as potential explanations of the observed regional disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among people with rheumatic disease and lay foundation for a new research agenda to address these disparities.MAG is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K01 AR070585 and K24 AR074534 [JY]). KDW is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Rheumatology Research Foundation Scientist Development award. JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K23 AR069688, R03 AR075886, L30 AR066953, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577), the Rheumatology Research Foundation (K Supplement Award and R Bridge Award), the Brigham Research Institute, and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. NJP is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR-007258). AD-G is supported by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. RH was supported by the Justus-Liebig University Giessen Clinician Scientist Program in Biomedical Research to work on this registry. JY is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (K24 AR074534 and P30 AR070155).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio