Chemistry for engineering education

We will look at the practical implementation of the disciplines of chemistry intechnological orientation programs. It is shown that with the uniformrequirements of the GEF to the quality of training, volumes for disciplines ofchemistry differ significantly. These shortcomings inherent in the existingteaching methods and ways to improve the learning process are discussed. Notedthat the promising direction of the basic educational program is to build themin a modular fashion.Рассмотрена практика реализации дисциплин химии в программах технологической направленности. Показано, что при единых требованиях ФГОС к качеству подготовки специалистов объемы дисциплин химии существенно различаются. Указаны недостатки, присущие существующей методике обучения, и рассмотрены пути повышения эффективности учебного процесса. Отмечено, что перспективным направлением реализации ООП является построение их по модульному принципу

Recycling of Gold Tailings of Silicate-Carbonate Ores

The implementation of the method for extracting gold, including melting of silicate-carbonate technogenic material, showed that gold passes into a free state, and the size of its particles increases significantly. However, when the material melts, a significant amount of slag is formed, which must be disposed. The chemical composition of the slag was compared with the norms of approximate and maximum permissible concentration. The content of Cu, As, Sb, S, and Mn exceeds the established standards. When the melt is blown with air and natural gas, sulfur, arsenic, and antimony will pass into the gas phase. In this regard, the installation must be equipped with a dust and gas cleaning system. If 12 wt.% CaO is added to the initial mixture before melting, the slag will meet the requirements when it is used as a correcting additive in cement. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in accordance with the state assignment for Ural State Mining University No. 0833-2020-0008 “Development and environmental and economic substantiation of the technology for reclamation of land disturbed by the mining and metallurgical complex based on reclamation materials and fertilizers of a new type”. We obtain the scientific results using the equipment of the Centre for the collective use of scientific equipment of the Federal Scientific Centre of biological systems and agricultural technologies of RAS as well (No Ross RU.0001.21 PF59, the Unified Russian Register of Centres for Collective Use - http://www.ckp-rf.ru/ckp/77384)

COAGULATION OF MICRODISPERSED GOLD DROPLETS IN AN OXIDE MELT

The work considers the coagulation of microdispersed gold droplets in an oxide melt. It was found that the pyrekinetic coagulation of gold droplets does not occur in the oxide melt. Coagulation, which occurs due to the movement of gas bubbles in the melt, is possible even at low gold contents.Работа выполнена при поддержке грантов РФФИ №19-38-90080\19 и №18-29-24081\19

Reduction of Gold and Platinum Content into Slag during the Melting of Sulfide Materials

Based on the experiments performed, it was shown that slag blowing with an inert gas and the addition of fluorite to the initial charge can reduce the content of gold, platinum and non-ferrous metals in the slag by 1.1-5.5 times during the melting sulfide materials.Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РФФИ №18-29-24081\20

The use of coal in a solid phase reduction of iron oxide

The results of the research process of producing metalized products by solid-phase reduction of iron using solid carbonaceous reducing agents. Thermodynamic modeling was carried out on the model of the unit the Fe-C-O and system with iron ore and coal. As a result of modeling the thermodynamic boundary reducing, oxidizing, and transition areas and the value of the ratio of carbon and oxygen in the system. Simulation of real systems carried out with the gas phase obtained in the pyrolys of coal. The simulation results allow to determine the optimal cost of coal required for complete reduction of iron ore from a given composition. The kinetics of the processes of solid-phase reduction of iron using coal of various technological brands

Comparison of Patient- and Practitioner-Reported Toxic Effects Associated With Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Agreement between patient- and practitioner-reported toxic effects during chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer is unknown. To compare patient-reported symptom severity and practitioner-reported toxic effects among patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Forty-four patients participating in a phase 2 trial of deintensified chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma were included in the present study (conducted from February 8, 2012, to March 2, 2015). Most treatment (radiotherapy, 60 Gy, with concurrent weekly administration of cisplatin, 30 mg/m2) was administered at academic medical centers. Included patients had no prior head and neck cancers, were 18 years or older, and had a smoking history of 10 pack-years or less or more than 10 pack-years but 30 pack-years or less and abstinent for the past 5 years. Cancer status was untreated human papillomavirus or p16-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx or unknown head and neck primary site; and cancer staging was category T0 to T3, category N0 to N2c, M0, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1. Baseline, weekly, and posttreatment toxic effects were assessed by physicians or nurse practitioners using National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 4.0. Patient-reported symptom severity was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the CTCAE (PRO-CTCAE). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize raw agreement between CTCAE grades and PRO-CTCAE severity ratings. Baseline, weekly, and posttreatment toxic effects assessed using CTCAE, version 4.0, and PRO-CTCAE. Raw agreement indices between patient-reported toxic effects, including symptom frequency, severity, and interference with daily activities (score range, 0 [none] to 4 [very severe]), and practitioner-measured toxic effects, including swallowing, oral pain, and hoarseness (score range, 1 [mild] to 5 [death]). Of the 44 patients included in the analysis (39 men, 5 women; mean [SD] age, 61 [8.4] years), there were 327 analyzable pairs of CTCAE and PRO-CTCAE symptom surveys and no treatment delays due to toxic effects. Patient-reported and practitioner-reported symptom severity agreement was high at baseline when most symptoms were absent but declined throughout treatment as toxic effects increased. Most disagreement was due to lower severity of toxic effects reported by practitioners (eg, from 45% agreement at baseline to 27% at the final week of treatment for pain). This was particularly noted for domains that are not easily evaluated by physical examination, such as anxiety and fatigue (eg, severity of fatigue decreased from 43% at baseline to 12% in the final week of treatment). Practitioner-reported toxic effects are lower than patient self-reports during head and neck chemoradiotherapy. The inclusion of patient-reported symptomatic toxic effects provides information that can potentially enhance clinical management and improve data quality in clinical trials

Rapid clearance profile of plasma circulating tumor HPV type 16 DNA during chemoradiotherapy correlates with disease control in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer

Purpose: To identify a profile of circulating tumor human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA (ctHPVDNA) clearance kinetics that is associated with disease control after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Experimental Design: A multi-institutional prospective biomarker trial was conducted in 103 patients with (i) p16- positive OPSCC, (ii) M0 disease, and (iii) receipt of definitive CRT. Blood specimens were collected at baseline, weekly during CRT, and at follow-up visits. Optimized multianalyte digital PCR assays were used to quantify ctHPVDNA (types 16/18/31/33/35) in plasma. A control cohort of 55 healthy volunteers and 60 patients with non-HPV-associated malignancy was also analyzed. Results: Baseline plasma ctHPVDNA had high specificity (97%) and high sensitivity (89%) for detecting newly diagnosed HPV-associated OPSCC. Pretreatment ctHPV16DNA copy number correlated with disease burden, tumor HPV copy number, and HPV integration status. We define a ctHPV16DNA favorable clearance profile as having high baseline copy number (>200 copies/mL) and >95% clearance of ctHPV16DNA by day 28 of CRT. Nineteen of 67 evaluable patients had a ctHPV16DNA favorable clearance profile, and none had persistent or recurrent regional disease after CRT. In contrast, patients with adverse clinical risk factors (T4 or >10 pack years) and an unfavorable ctHPV16DNA clearance profile had a 35% actuarial rate of persistent or recurrent regional disease after CRT (P = 0.0049). Conclusions: A rapid clearance profile of ctHPVDNA may predict likelihood of disease control in patients with HPVassociated OPSCC patients treated with definitive CRT and may be useful in selecting patients for deintensified therapy

Acute kidney disease and renal recovery : consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup

Consensus definitions have been reached for both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and these definitions are now routinely used in research and clinical practice. The KDIGO guideline defines AKI as an abrupt decrease in kidney function occurring over 7 days or less, whereas CKD is defined by the persistence of kidney disease for a period of > 90 days. AKI and CKD are increasingly recognized as related entities and in some instances probably represent a continuum of the disease process. For patients in whom pathophysiologic processes are ongoing, the term acute kidney disease (AKD) has been proposed to define the course of disease after AKI; however, definitions of AKD and strategies for the management of patients with AKD are not currently available. In this consensus statement, the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) proposes definitions, staging criteria for AKD, and strategies for the management of affected patients. We also make recommendations for areas of future research, which aim to improve understanding of the underlying processes and improve outcomes for patients with AKD

An evaluation of the variability of tumor-shape definition derived by experienced observers from CT images of supraglottic carcinomas (ACRIN protocol 6658)

Accurate target definition is considered essential for sophisticated, image-guided radiation therapy; however, relatively little information has been reported that measures our ability to identify the precise shape of targets accurately. We decided to assess the manner in which eight “experts” interpreted the size and shape of tumors based on “real life” contrast-enhanced CT scans