Purification and properties of a HeLa cell enzyme able to remove the 5'- terminal protein from poliovirus RNA

Using a rapid phenol extraction assay, an enzyme was purified from uninfected HeLa cells that can cleave the 5'-terminal protein (VPg) from poliovirus RNA. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts had enzymes with similar behavior. A polypeptide of molecular weight 27,000 was the major one present in the purified preparation. Assuming that this protein is the enzyme, a very low turnover number was calculated for it. The purified enzyme would cleave the tyrosine-phosphate bond linking VPg to poliovirus RNA with minimal degradation of the RNA or of VPg. If the RNA was first treated with proteinase K to degrade VPg, leaving a small peptide on the RNA, this peptide could also be removed by the enzyme. If the RNA was degraded with T1 RNase, leaving VPg attached to a nonanucleotide, the enzyme still would cleave off VPg, although incompletely. If the RNA was degraded completely, leaving either pUp or pU attached to VPg, the enzyme would not remove the nucleotides from the protein. Thus, for the enzyme to be active requires some length of polynucleotide attached to the protein but only a short peptide need be present for the enzyme to act

Supplements to the "Catalogue of the Swiss spiders" -: 1. New records from 1990 to 1993.

Als Nachtrag zum "Katalog der schweizerischen Spinnen bis 1990" (MAURER & HÄNGGI 1991) werden 7 Arten erstmals für die Schweiz gemeldet: Diplocephalus aff. procer (SIMON, 1884), sensu THALER (1972), Diplocephalus protuberans (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1875), Tapinocyba praecox (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1873), Trichoncus saxicola (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1861), Zelotes pseudoclivicola GRIMM 1982, Ozyptila (=Oxyptila) sanctuaria (0. P. -CAMBRIDGE, 1871), Talavera (=Euophrys) aperta (MILLER, 1971). Weitere 8 Arten wurden bereits anderweitig publiziert, sind aber als Ergänzung zum "Katalog" nochmals zusammengefasst: Mecynargus (=Rhaebothorax) foveatus (F. DAHL, 1912), Tapinocyba maureri THALER, 1991, Bathyphantes setiger F.O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1894, Tallusia (=Centromerus) vindobonensis (KULCZYNSKI, 1889), Cybaeus intermedius MAURER, 1992, Cybaeus montanus MAURER, 1992, Zelotes atrocaeruleus (SIMON, 1878), Talavera inopinata WUNDERLlCH, 1993.As a supplement to the 'Katalog der schweizerischen Spinnen bis 1990' (MAURER & HÄNGGI 1991) 7 species are recorded for the first time for Switzerland: Dlplocephalus aff. procer (SI MON, 1884) sensu THALER (1972), Dip/ocephalus protuberans (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1875), Tapinocyba praecox (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE; 1873), Trichoncus saxicola (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1861), Zelotes pseudoclivicola GRIMM 1982, Ozyptlla (=Oxyptlla) sanctuaria (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1871), Talavera (=Euophrys) aperta (MILLER, 1971). Further 8 species, already published elsewhere, are recorded here to complete the 'Catalogue': Mecynargus (=Rhaebothorax) foveatus (F. DAHL, 1912), Tapinocyba maureri THALER, 1991, Bathyphantes setiger F.O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1894, Tallusia (=Centromerus) vindobonensis (KULCZYNSKI, 1889), Cybaeus intermedius MAURER, 1992, Cybaeus montanus MAURER, 1992, Zelotes atrocaeruleus (SIMON, 1878), Talavera inopinata WUNDERLlCH, 1993

What means "best practice" in addiction treatment?

The concept of best treatment practice is a response to the growing diversity of therapeutic experience and to the frequently inadequacy of service reality and guidelines. Ideally, best practice guidelines are based on the available research evidence about effi cacy and effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. But limitations of outcome research must be taken into consideration as well as limitations of guideline applicability. Circumstantial factors are also relevant for treatment outcomes, and clinicians are expected to adapt evidence-based recommendations to such factors in their daily practice with individual patients. In addition, availability and access to recommended treatments are in the responsibility of service planners and providers, thereby facilitating the implementation of best practices. We understand best practice not as treatment provided in some centres of excellence, but as a system providing all those in need of treatment in the best possible way. Finally, major changes are expected for the future, redirecting the focus from a traditional evaluation of clinical usefulness for populations to an assessment of individually optimised interventions (personalised medicine: 'treating the patient, not the disease')

Supplement to "Katalog der schweizerischen Spinnen" - 2. new records from 1993 to 1999

Since the first supplement in 1993 38 species are recorded as new to Switzerland. 14 species are recorded here for the first time for Switzerland: Enoplognatha oelandica (THORELL, 1875); Theridion hemerobium SIMON, 1914; Diplocephalus crassilobus (SIMON, 1884); Diplocephalus pavesii PESARINI, 1996; Linyphia tenuipalpis SIMON, 1884; Porrhomma cambridgei MERRETT, 1994; Porrhomma rosenhaueri (L.KOCH, 1872); Pachygnatha terilis THALER,1991; Hahnia candida SIMON, 1975; Cryptodrassus hungaricus (BALOGH, 1935); Zelotes devotus GRIMM, 1982; Zelotes hermani (CHYZER,1897); Zelotes tenuis (L.KOCH, 1866); Tmarus stellio SIMON, 1875.24 species were published in other papers and are listed here only to complete the catalogue: Episinus maculipesCAVANNA, 1876; Robertus kuehnae BAUCHHENSS & UHLENHAUT, 1993; Centromerus capucinus (SIMON, 1884); Diplocephalus dentatusTULLGREN, 1955; Lepthyphantes arenicola DENIS, 1964; Lepthyphantes insignis (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1913); Lessertia dentichelis (SIMON, 1884); Maro lepidus CASEMIR, 1961; Prinerigone vagans (AUDOUIN, 1826); Pseudomaro aenigmaticus DENIS, 1966; Silometopus bonessi CASEMIR, 1970; Acantholycosa norvegica (THORELL, 1872); Acantholycosa rupicola (DU FOUR, 1820); Pardosa alacris (C. L. KOCH, 1933); Pardosa baehrorum KRONESTEDT, 1999; Pardosa saltans TOPFER-HOFMANN im Druck;Altella biuncata(MILLER, 1949); Agroecainopina O. P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1886; Clubiona pseudoneglecta WUNDERLlCH, 1994; Zodarion italicum (CANESTRINI, 1868);Synaphosus sauvageOVTSHARENKO, LEVY & PLA TNICK, 1994;Zora parallela SIMON, 1878; Thanatus atratus SIMON, 1875; Ozyptila pul/ata (THORELL, 1875).4 species have to be deleted from the catalogue: Diplocephalus foraminifer (O.P.-CAMBRIDGE, 1875); Diplocephalus aft. procer (SIMON, 1884) sensu THALER (1972); Acantholycosa pyrenaea (SIMON, 1876); Zodarion gal/icum (SI MON, 1873). The actual number of known species in Switzerland is 926

¿Qué significa "mejores prácticas" en el tratamiento de las toxicomanías?

El concepto de las mejores prácticas en el tratamiento constituye una respuesta al aumento de la diversidad de las experiencias terapéuticas y a la frecuente insufi ciencia de la realidad y de las directrices de la asistencia. De forma ideal, las directrices de prácticas recomendables se fundamentan en los resultados disponibles de la investigación de la efi cacia y la efectividad de los enfoques terapéuticos. Sin embargo, es esencial tener en cuenta las limitaciones de la evaluación de resultados así como las limitaciones de la aplicabilidad de las directrices. Los factores circunstanciales también son relevantes en los resultados del tratamiento y se espera que los terapeutas clínicos adapten las recomendaciones fundamentadas en pruebas científi cas a dichos factores en su trato diario con los pacientes. Además, la disponibilidad y el acceso a los tratamientos recomendados son responsabilidad de los planifi cadores y proveedores de servicios, facilitando de este modo la implantación de las mejores prácticas. Consideramos que el término 'mejores prácticas' no signifi ca la asistencia proporcionada en ciertos centros de excelencia, sino el sistema que facilita la mejor asistencia posible a todos los que necesitan tratamiento. Por último, se esperan cambios importantes en el futuro, para reorientar el enfoque desde la evaluación tradicional de la utilidad clínica para las poblaciones hacia una evaluación de las intervenciones optimizadas individualmente (medicina personalizada: 'tratando al paciente, no la enfermedad')