The relationship between carbonic anhydrase-III expression and oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue

Objective: High-fat foods increase adipose tissue size, and induce obesity. Although carbonic anhydrase III is abundantly found in brown adipose tissue, its function is not fully defined. In this study, we investigated the relationship between carbonic anhydrase III enzyme mRNA expression and malondialdehyde, oxidative stress marker, in brown adipose tissue of rats that were fed high-fat diets. In addition, we investigated potential effect of N-acetylcysteine as an antioxidant in this relationship. Methods: In our study three experimental groups were formed and each contained 6 rats (control, obese, and antioxidant groups). The experimental groups were fed for a duration of 85 days with high fat diets. In these groups, carbonic anhydrase III mRNA expression, total carbonic anhydrase hydratase activitie, and malondialdehyde levels were measured in brown adipose tissues dissected from rat scapula regions. Results: According to our findings, carbonic anhydrase III mRNA expression was higher in the obese group than in the control group (p = 0.004), and malondialdehyde levels were lower in the obese group than in the control group (p =0.03). It was observed that carbonic anhydrase III mRNA expression was higher in the antioxidant group than in the control group (p = 0.006), and malondialdehyde levels were lower in the antioxidant group than in the control group (p = 0.006). In addition, in the obese group carbonic anhydrase III mRNA expression was higher than in the antioxidant group (p=0.01). Conclusion: In brown adipose tissue of rats that were fed high-fat diets, this study showed that the carbonic anhydrase III mRNA expression increased and the malondialdehyde level decreased

The efficacy of ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum block for pain management following lumbar spinal surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a fascial plane block. There is no randomized study on the efficacy of QLB for lumbar surgery. We evaluated the efficacy of QLB for postoperative pain management and patient satisfaction after lumbar disc herniation surgery (LDHS). Methods: Sixty patients with ASA score I-II planned for LDHS under general anesthesia were included. We allocated the patients into two groups: the QLB group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). QLB was performed with 30 ml 0.25% bupivacaine in the QLB group. Paracetamol 1 g IV 3 × 1 was ordered to the patients at the postoperative period. If the NRS score was ≥ 4, 1 mg/ kg tramadol IV was administered as rescue analgesia. Results: There was a reduction in the median static NRS at 0 h and 2 h with QLB compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the resting NRS at any other time point up to 24 h. The median dynamic NRS was significantly lower at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 h in the QLB group (p < 0.05). The need for rescue analgesia was significantly lower in the QLB group. The incidence of nausea was significantly higher in the control group. The postoperative patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the QLB group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found that the QLB is effective for pain control following LDHS

IL-10 and IL-17 Gene Polymorphisms In Adult Idıopathıc Thrombocytopenıc Purpura

Aim:Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 17 (il-17) cytokine gene polymorphisms were investigated in many autoimmune diseases and there were significant results in some studies but a few published studies on IL-10 and il-17 gene polymorphisms in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were seen in the literature. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the IL-10 (-592 A/C) and IL-17 (A126G) gene polymorphisms and their serum levels in adult patients with ITP.Materials and Methods:The IL-10 (-592 A/C) and IL-17 (A126G) gene polymorphisms in 50 patients with ITP and 51 healthy control groups were determined after DNA isolation and serum levels of these cytokines were measured by ELISA method, in 32 patients with ITP in the same group and 32 healthy volunteers.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in IL-10 (-592 A/C) and IL-17 (A126G) gene polymorphisms between the patients and control groups, whereas serum IL-10 levels were found to be statistically significant higher in ITP patients than control group (p=0.003). Serum IL-17 levels were similar in patients and control groups. In addition, age, sex, response to treatment and platelet values at diagnosis were compared between the groups, but there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusion:In our study, IL-10 (-592 A/C) and IL-17 (A126G) gene polymorphisms were not found to be different in patients with ITP compared to healthy subjects, although IL-10 levels were found to be higher in the ITP group than healthy group. When we look the datas in the literature, we thought that more studies with larger series are needed in this field in order to clarify the importance of cytokines in the diagnosis and follow-up of ITP

Effect of edaravone on lungs and small intestine in rats with induced radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is a frequently used method for treatment of cancer which is regarded as one of the top two diseases causing premature death worldwide. However, radiotherapy is known to have many side effects. In this study, we evaluated biologically and histologically the possible protective effects of edaravone, the free radical scavenger and neuroprotective agent used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, on lung and small intestine against radiation-induced early side effects of 15 Gy total body irradiation in single fraction. Thirty-two rats were divided randomly into four equal groups. Groups were administered 15 Gy of external ionizing radiation to the whole body after 30 minutes of EDA administration (a dose of 500 and 50 mg/kg). Rats were sacrified at 72 h of the experiment. Tissues were separated to investigate levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA); and evealuate histopathological changings. The protective effect of EDA showed statistically significant in MDA, SOD and GSHPX values of lungs except CAT and statistically significant effect was observed in MDA in small intestine. Also, we showed statistically significant values with histopathological changings. Pediatric cancer patients who have a longer life expectancy are as important as their recovery from their normal life. We are expecting that EDA as a modulator of free radical scavenging pathways in many organs can reduce the side effects of radiation damage on lungs and small intestine

Ahmet Mithat’ın Mesâil-i Muğlȃka Romanındaki Gayrimüslim Karakterlerin Analizi <br> An Analysis of Non-Muslim Characters in Ahmet Mithat’s Novel Mesȃli-i Muğlȃka

In the XIX Century, the slow decline of the Ottoman State, losingits former glory, moving away from its military power and facing manypolitical and administrative problems paved the way for the Europeanstates to increasingly interfere in the domestic matters of the Ottomanstate particularly through the life of non-Muslim elements within theOttoman borders and thus to awaken their national feelings against thestate. In order to secure its territorial integrity against nationalistmovements, to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughlyinto Ottoman society and to prevent the European powers frominterfering in its domestic issues, the Sultan introduced The TanzimatReforms in 1839. In this context, by getting rid of the Millet system andsecond class citizienship, non-Muslims were granted more civil libertiesand rights that were equal to the majority.This article examines the way in which the prominent writer of theperiod Ahmed Midhat Efendi deals with non-Muslim characters interms of ethical, religeous and cultural aspects and how he positionsthem in his 1898 novel Mesâil-i Muğlâka . The article analyzes thehistorical and political background and the author’s ideologicalposition. The image and role of non-Muslim characters in the work isdependant upon the author’s approach to religion, ethnical identity andhis understanding of civilization. He evaluates the positive characters interms of their moral, religeous and honour codes whereas he positionsthe negative characters in terms of their distance from them. In thiscontext, the non-Muslim characters of the novel who live in France arenot categorized according to their faith, but instead are categorized interms of the moral values which he consideres to be the basis of Islam. <br> XIX. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti eski ihtişamını kaybetmesi, askerî gücünden uzaklaşması, siyasi ve idarî bir çok sorunla karşı karşıya kalması Avrupa devletlerinin Osmanlı’nın içişlerine ve özellikle de sınırları içinde yaşayan gayrimüslim unsurlara sıklıkla müdahale etmelerine imkan tanımıştır. Egemenlik haklarına gölge düşüren bu durum karşısında Osmanlı devlet adamları, Batılı devletler ve kendi tebaası huzurunda 1839'da Tanzimat Fermanı’nı ilan ederek devletin yönetim felsefesinde önemli değişikliklere gitmişleridir. Böylelikle, müslim ve gayrimüslimler arasında mal, namus ve can güvenceleri ile vatandaşlık hak ve ödevleri bakımından eşitlik ilkesi kabul edilmiş, ikinci sınıf vatandaşlık uygulaması son bulmuştur.Bu çalışmada, Ahmet Mithat Efendi’nin Mesâil-i Muğlâka (1898) adlı romanında, gayrimüslim karakterleri nasıl ele aldığı ve onları romanında nasıl konumlandırdığını dönemin tarihsel ve politik gelişmelerinin arka planı ve yazarın bu konuda benimsediği ideoloji ile ilişkilendirilerek incelenmiştir. Ahmet Mithat, romandaki gayrimüslim unsurları farklı bir kimlik olarak keskin bir şekilde ötekileştirmese de İslam normalarını, ahlak kurallarını ve dindarlık unsurunu ölçüt olarak almıştır. Olumlu karakterleri dindar olmalarına, ahlak ve namus kavramlarına önem vermelerine göre çizdiği tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın Ahmet Mithat, bu anlayışla bağdaşmayan karakterleri ise olumsuz karakterler olarak konumlandırdığı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, romanın Fransa’da yaşayan, gayrimüslim karakterleri mensup oldukları Hristiyanlık dinine göre kategorize edilmemiş, İslam’ın temel hususlarından biri olan ahlaklı ve namuslu olmalarına göre romanın kurgusuna dahil edilmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte, Ahmet Mithat’ın romanda idealize ettiği tip olan Abdullah Nahifi’nin örnek tavırları ile Osmanlı Türk-İslam düşünce ve ahlak anlayışının temsilcisi olduğu da açık ve net bir açıdan okuyucuya sunulmuştur

Catalytic ozonation by iron coated pumice for the degradation of natural organic matters

WOS: 000435191500048The use of iron-coated pumice (ICP) in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of natural organic matters (NOMs) in water, due to the synergistic effect of hybrid processes when compared to sole ozonation and adsorption. Multiple characterization analyses (BET, TEM, XRD, DLS, FT-IR, and pH(PZC)) were employed for a systematic investigation of the catalyst surface properties. This analysis indicated that the ICP crystal structure was alpha-FeOOH, the surface hydroxyl group of ICP was significantly increased after coating, the particle size of ICP was about 200-250 nm, the BET surface area of ICP was about 10.56 m(2) g(-1), the pH(PZC) value of ICP was about 7.13, and that enhancement by iron loading was observed in the FT-IR spectra. The contribution of surface adsorption, hydroxyl radicals, and sole ozonation to catalytic ozonation was determined as 21.29%, 66.22%, and 12.49%, respectively. The reaction kinetic analysis with tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA) was used as a radical scavenger, confirming that surface ferrous iron loading promoted the role of the hydroxyl radicals. The phosphate was used as an inorganic probe, and significantly inhibited the removal efficiency of catalytic NOM ozonation. This is an indication that the reactions which occur are more dominant in the solution phase.Environmental Engineering Department of Aksaray University; Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Aksaray University [2015-050]We would like to thank the Environmental Engineering Department of Aksaray University for funding this paper and support us. The authors thank Emine BASTURK for her technical assistance in the lab work. Thanks are due to a range of people who gave advice, offered comments or help in other ways during this paper. This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Aksaray University. The project number is 2015-050

Effects of homocysteine on adipocyte differentiation and CD36 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Demir, Selim/0000-0002-1863-6280WOS: 000377699100007PubMed: 26691520The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of homocysteine (Hcy), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke and obesity, on expression of CD36 that regulates uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) by adipocytes and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay, and density of triglycerides were measured with Oil Red O staining. the expression levels of CD36 were analyzed using SYBR green assay by quantitative RT-PCR. Our results showed that the addition of Hcy inhibited differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without a significant cell toxicity (p 0.05) compared to differentiated adipocytes. Hcy reduced adipocyte differentiation, but had no effect on the expression level of CD36 in vitro conditions. the effect of Hcy on uptake and clearance of Ox-LDL by adipose tissue now needs to be investigated in vivo.Karadeniz Technical University Research FundThis study was supported by the Karadeniz Technical University Research Fund

Disinfection by-products formation potential along the Melendiz River, Turkey; associated water quality P parameters and non-linear prediction model

WOS: 000448672400013Organic matters in raw water have a potential to generate harmful disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acid (HAA) during the chlorination process. The aim of this study was to investigate the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) in Melendiz River and to determine the effect of several factors including water quality parameters, distance, and seasonal variation. Water samples (n= 93) were collected at Melendiz River during December 2015-November 2016. The range of THMFP and HAAFP was 47.28-3348.73 mu g/L and 41.42-4952.68 mu g/L, respectively. ANOVA analysis was performed to understand the impact of the seasonal and/or distance changes on DBPs formation. It was found that the seasonal variations (sig. 0.80) at Melendiz River. Finally, a non-linear statistical model was developed based on Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis using highly correlated water quality parameters with TTHM and THAA 5 in Pearson Correlation Analysis. According to the results, among all factors, flow, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254, UV272 , bromide, temperature, and additional chlorine dose have a remarkable effect on THMFP and HAAFP. Especially, the Pearson correlation (P) values for the DOC and the Chlorine dosages are 0.583, 0.786 and 0.994 and 0.865 for THMFP and HAAFP models, respectively. In addition to this, the high R-2 (0.95) values were obtained when compared to other predictive models. The local model development should be utilized because each water source has different organic characterization. For this reason, the development of local models for each water source is important for achieving more consistent results.Environmental Engineering Department of Aksaray UniversityWe would like to thank the Environmental Engineering Department of Aksaray University for funding this paper and the Aksaray Municipality for helping to gather the samples in the field work. Thanks are due to a range of people who gave advice, offered comments or help in other ways during this paper

Development of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model for predict trihalomethane formation potential in distribution network simulation test

*Alver, Alper ( Aksaray, Yazar )Trihalomethanes (THMs), which is one of the major classes of DBP known to be highly cytotoxic and genotoxic, were formed and modeled under controlled conditions by laboratory-scale distribution network simulation test. The formation potentials of THM depending on the parameters such as natural organic matter, bromide, chlorine, pH, and contact time were determined. Subsequently, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model was developed using these parameters as inputs and THM formation potentials as output, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9817. In the range of the inputs, the ANFIS model representing the simulation test results were compared with THM formations of an actual distribution network system in dry and wet seasons. As a result, the predictions of the ANFIS model were little affected by the unidentified factors that were not used in model training but are known to affect THM formations in real waters and gave more consistent results than the EPA model