Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory activities of Moringa peregrine- MINIREVIEW

Moringa peregrina is considered as miracle tree. Extracts as well as some isolated compounds of Moringa peregrine show valuable biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory. On the other hand, Moringa peregrina is used traditionally as home cleaning agent, fertilizer, foliar nutrient, green fertilizer, gum, honey- and sugar cane juice-clarifier, biopesticide. In this review, the natural distribution and the general features for Moringa peregrina were discussed and the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of Moringa peregrine extract were described. This review might guide researchers to undertake further investigation regarding this species and to use it as a source of active compounds

Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua

This study was carried out to isolate the active antimicrobial compounds from Neopetrosia exigua using bio-guided assay isolation against Staphylococcus aureus. N. exigua was extracted using methanol and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using solvents with different polarity (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water). Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions was done using Sephadex LH-20 and reverse phase chromatography. Based on the biological guided fractionation results, dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions yielded three compounds. The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated and found to be 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, cyclo-1`-demethylcystalgerone and avarol derivative. Avarol was showed potent bactericidal effect against S. aureus. N. exigua appears to be rich source of natural antimicrobial agents. Further studies are needed to investigate the mode of action of these compounds

Antimicrobial alkaloids isolated from marine sponges-MINIREVIEW

Marine natural products have attracted the attention of scientists to isolate novel biologically active metabolites. Several promising metabolites were discovered from marine sponges with different biological activities including antimicrobial and anticancer. By far, more than 36% of the metabolites discovered from marine organisms were isolated from sponges. In this study, the alkaloids isolated from marine sponges with antimicrobial activity were described

Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua

Neopetrosia exigua has received great attention in natural product chemistry. The diversity of N. exigua constituents has been demonstrated by the continued discovery of novel bioactive metabolites such as antimicrobial metabolites. In this study, in order to localise the active component of N. exigua biomass according to the polarity, a sequential gradient partition with different solvents (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol, and water) was performed to obtain fractions containing metabolites distributed according to their polarity. The antimicrobial activities of N. exigua fractions were then evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods (influence on the growth curve, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)). The results showed that the active metabolites were present in n-hexane, CH2Cl2, n-BuOH, and water fractions. n-hexane, CH2Cl2, and n-BuOH fractions were the most effective fractions. Among microbes tested, Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible microbe evaluated. The obtained results are considered sufficient for further study to isolate the compounds represent the antimicrobial activity

Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua

This study was carried out to isolate the active antimicrobial compounds from Neopetrosia exigua using bio-guided assay isolation against Staphylococcus aureus. N. exigua was extracted using methanol and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using solvents with different polarity (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water). Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions was done using Sephadex LH-20 and reverse phase chromatography. Based on the biological guided fractionation results, dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions yielded three compounds. The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated and found to be 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, cyclo-1`-demethylcystalgerone and avarol derivative. Avarol was showed potent bactericidal effect against S. aureus. N. exigua appears to be rich source of natural antimicrobial agents. Further studies are needed to investigate the mode of action of these compounds

Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua

This study was carried out to isolate the active antimicrobial compounds from Neopetrosia exigua using bio-guided assay isolation against Staphylococcus aureus. N. exigua was extracted using methanol and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using solvents with different polarity (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water). Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions was done using Sephadex LH-20 and reverse phase chromatography. Based on the biological guided fractionation results, dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions yielded three compounds. The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated and found to be 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, cyclo-1`-demethylcystalgerone and avarol derivative. Avarol was showed potent bactericidal effect against S. aureus. N. exigua appears to be rich source of natural antimicrobial agents. Further studies are needed to investigate the mode of action of these compounds

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Malaysian sea cucumber, (Holothuria edulis Lesson), extracts

Sea cucumber is a marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata and the class Holothuroidea that found on the sea floor worldwide. In Asia, many of sea cucumber species are considered as traditional food items and have been used in featment of numerous diseases such as eczema, arthritis and hypertension. Previous scientific studies have shown multiple biological activities of sea cucumber species as antinociceptive, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of aqueous and organic extracts from sea cucumber, Holothuria edulis. Two different free radical systems were used to evaluate antioxidant activity of H. edulis, stable radical l,l-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) and linoleic acid free radical mediated p-carotene bleaching. In addition, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was used to determine the total phenolic content of the exfacts. The inhibitory effect of the exfacts on proliferation of MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and TEI (Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) human cancer cell lines were demonstrated by 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our data showed that the gallic acid equivalent (GAE) of the total phenolic content in aqueous extract (GAE : 7.33 mglg) is higher than an organic extact (GAE = 2.17 mglg). An aqueous extract also exhibited higher.antioxidant capacity by using DPPH assay (ICso = 2.04 mg/ml vs. 8.73 mlmL in organic extract), as well as by using p-carotene bleaching assay (Antioxidant Activity : 42.69 %o vs. 28.52 % in organic extract). On the other hand, an organic extact showed higher antiproliferative effect against MCF-7 and TEI cancer cells, giving ICso : 28.0 and 17.5 pdmL, respectively than aqueous extract, that gave ICso : 133.0 pilmL against MCF- '7 and76.0 pgmL against TEl. In conclusion, frndings of this study revealed that H. edulis as a promising source ofnatural antioxidants and anticancer products

Antimicrobial alkaloids isolated from marine sponges-Minireview

Marine natural products have attracted the attention of scientists to isolate novel biologically active metabolites. Several promising metabolites were discovered from marine sponges with different biological activities including antimicrobial and anticancer. By far, more than 36% of the metabolites discovered from marine organisms were isolated from sponges. In this study, the alkaloids isolated from marine sponges with antimicrobial activity were described

Antimicrobial alkaloids isolated from marine sponges-Minireview

Marine natural products have attracted the attention of scientists to isolate novel biologically active metabolites. Several promising metabolites were discovered from marine sponges with different biological activities including antimicrobial and anticancer. By far, more than 36% of the metabolites discovered from marine organisms were isolated from sponges. In this study, the alkaloids isolated from marine sponges with antimicrobial activity were described