Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Diachronic English for Specific Purposes

Historical linguistics has been in constant rebirth and innovation to conform to new advances in the way texts are methodologically addressed. These methods of study have given way to several interdisciplinary focuses, which include the disciplines of historical sociolinguistics (Milroy, 1991; Conde-Silvestre, 2007), historical pragmatics (Jucker, 1995) or diachronic pragmatics (Arnovick, 1999), historical discourse analysis (Brinton, 2001; Berkenkotter, 2009; Navarro, 2008), and historical sociopragmatics (Culpeper, 2009). In this context, we have to mention the groundbreaking work on dialogue analysis by Jucker, Fritz and Lebsanft (1999), and the volume on historical speech acts by Jucker and Taavitsainen (2008). These two books represented an advance in the way both written and spoken discourse should be addressed at from a historical dimension. Historical pragmatics has proven to be the most fruitful discipline of all and, since the foundation of the Journal of Historical Pragmatics by Jucker in 2000 (John Benjamins), it seems to be constantly increasing.

El matrimonio en los florilegios latinos del siglo XVI

Florilegia, collections of excerpts from literary works, occasionally intended for teaching during Middle Ages and Renaissance, are an invaluable tool as the reflection of a period. In this article we will analyse a sellection of excerpta related to marriage, taken from some of the most relevant Latin florilegia of the sixteenth century (Mayer 1534, Estienne 1534, Mirandola 1538 and Schönborn 1565). From the selection and manipulation operated by the compilers, we will extract their ideas about the situation of marriage in this period, with special attention to the role of women. At the same time, we will analyse how these authors treated the classical texts in order to adapt them to their interests and turn them into a moral pedagogical product.En este artículo nos serviremos de una serie excerpta relacionados con el matrimonio, tomados de algunos de los florilegios latinos más relevantes del siglo XVI (Mayer 1534, Estienne 1534, Mirándola 1538 y Schönborn 1565) para extraer, a partir de la selección y manipulación operada por los compiladores, sus ideas sobre la situación del matrimonio en este periodo, con especial atención al papel de la mujer. A la vez, analizaremos cómo estos autores trataban los textos clásicos con el fin de adaptarlos a sus intereses y convertirlos en un producto pedagógico de carácter moral

Marriage in 16th century Latin Florilegia.

En este artículo nos serviremos de una serie excerpta relacionados con el matrimonio, tomados de algunos de los florilegios latinos más relevantes del siglo XVI (Mayer 1534, Estienne 1534, Mirándola 1538 y Schönborn 1565) para extraer, a partir de la selección y manipulación operada por los compiladores, sus ideas sobre la situación del matrimonio en este periodo, con especial atención al papel de la mujer. A la vez, analizaremos cómo estos autores trataban los textos clásicos con el fin de adaptarlos a sus intereses y convertirlos en un producto pedagógico de carácter moral.Florilegia, collections of excerpts from literary works, occasionally intended for teaching during Middle Ages and Renaissance, are an invaluable tool as the reflection of a period. In this article we will analyse a sellection of excerpta related to marriage, taken from some of the most relevant Latin florilegia of the sixteenth century (Mayer 1534, Estienne 1534, Mirandola 1538 and Schönborn 1565). From the selection and manipulation operated by the compilers, we will extract their ideas about the situation of marriage in this period, with special attention to the role of women. At the same time, we will analyse how these authors treated the classical texts in order to adapt them to their interests and turn them into a moral pedagogical product

CoEDApplets: colaborando en el desarrollo de Applets orientados a la enseñanza

Presentamos en este trabajo la herramienta CoEDApplets, una aplicación web orientada a la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la programación y de la algorítmica en las ingenierías. Tal y como su predecesora, EDApplets, está basada en la tecnología de Applets Java, y se orienta a la animación y visualización mediante trazas de algoritmos y estructuras de datos. Frente al carácter estático de su predecesora, CoEDApplets se presenta como un portal de tipo cooperativo en el que distintos profesionales de la enseñanza puedan incorporar dinámicamente Applets que persigan el mismo objetivo. El portal facilita, además, el proceso de internacionalización de los Applets, también de forma dinámica. Los/as colaboradores/as podrán contribuir no sólo con códigos sino con su traducción a diversos idiomas. De este modo se consigue que el proceso de cooperación trascienda más allá de las fronteras de paises que no hablan el mismo idioma. CoEDApplets introduce de este modo elementos de soporte a diversidad en el nuevo marco de enseñanza en el espacio europeo de educación superior, en el que se espera una alta movilidad de alumnado.Peer Reviewe

Diseño e implementación de una propuesta didáctica para la mejora de la fluidez y flexibilidad creativa musical en Educación Primaria.

La creatividad musical en la educación es un ámbito bastante inexplorado y que debe priorizarse debido a que impulsa actitudes y habilidades en el alumnado tales como la iniciativa, la relación social, la comunicación o la propia expresión artística. Además, el proceso creativo es un aspecto que está implícito en todas las actividades que giran en torno a la educación musical y, por tanto, su didáctica merece ser estudiada con profundidad. Es por ello que, desde la perspectiva docente, es necesario esclarecer las pautas a seguir en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje del mismo. La presente investigación pretende abordar el cambio que revela una muestra de alumnado de 5º de Educación Primaria de dos centros educativos de la isla de Tenerife, tras la implementación de un diseño didáctico para la mejora de la expresión de la fluidez y la flexibilidad creativa en la materia de Música. La hipótesis propuesta para esta investigación se comprueba de manera parcial, debido a que se considera que la temporización de la intervención tiene que ser más amplia y debe sustentarse en un mayor conocimiento de la muestra para plantear una secuencia didáctica más especializada, basada en el nivel de partida de las variables a investigar en el alumnado y en el contexto de este.Musical creativity in education is a rather unexplored area that should be prioritised because it promotes attitudes and skills in students such as initiative, social relations, communication, or artistic expression itself. Moreover, the creative process is an aspect that is implicit in all the activities that revolve around music education and, therefore, its didactics deserves to be studied in depth. This is why, from a teaching perspective, it is necessary to clarify the guidelines to be followed in the teaching-learning processes. The following research aims to address the change revealed by a sample of students in the 5th year of Primary Education in two schools on the island of Tenerife, after the implementation of a didactic design for the improvement of the expression of fluency and creative flexibility in the subject of Music. The hypothesis proposed for this research is partially tested because it is considered that the timing of the intervention needs to be broader and should be based on a better knowledge of the sample in order to propose a more specialised 1 didactic sequence, based on the starting level of the variables to be investigated in the pupils and their context

Porphyrinoid biohybrid materials as an emerging toolbox for biomedical light management

The development of photoactive and biocompatible nanomaterials is a current major challenge of materials science and nanotechnology, as they will contribute to promoting current and future biomedical applications. A growing strategy in this direction consists of using biologically inspired hybrid materials to maintain or even enhance the optical properties of chromophores and fluorophores in biological media. Within this area, porphyrinoids constitute the most important family of organic photosensitizers. The following extensive review will cover their incorporation into different kinds of photosensitizing biohybrid materials, as a fundamental research effort toward the management of light for biomedical use, including technologies such as photochemical internalization (PCI), photoimmunotherapy (PIT), and theranostic combinations of fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganismsThe work carried out to write this review article has received funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN under REA grant agreement no. GA 316975. This work was supported by the EU (CosmoPHOS-nano, FP7-NMP-2012-6, 310337-2), Spanish MINECO (CTQ2017-85393-P (TT), CTQ-2014-53673-P and CTQ-2017-89539-P (AdlE), PCIN-2017-042/EuroNanoMed2017-191, TEMPEAT (TT)), and the Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (FOTOCARBON, S2013/MIT-2841). IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the ‘Severo Ochoa’ Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant SEV-2016-0686

Tuning the nanoaggregates of sialylated biohybrid photosensitizers for intracellular activation of the photodynamic response

In the endeavor of extending the clinical use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of superficial cancers and other neoplastic diseases, deeper knowledge and control of the subcellular processes that determine the response of photosensitizers (PS) are needed. Recent strategies in this direction involve the use of activatable and nanostructured PS. Here, both capacities have been tuned in two dendritic zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives, either asymmetrically or symmetrically substituted with 3 and 12 copies of the carbohydrate sialic acid (SA), respectively. Interestingly, the amphiphilic ZnPc-SA biohybrid (1) self-assembles into well-defined nanoaggregates in aqueous solution, facilitating cellular internalization and transport whereas the PS remains inactive. Within the cells, these nanostructured hybrids localize in the lysosomes, as usually happens for anionic and hydrophilic aggregated PS. Yet, in contrast to most of them (e. g., compound 2), hybrid 1 recovers the capacity for photoinduced ROS generation within the target organelles due to its amphiphilic character; this allows disruption of aggregation when the compound is inserted into the lysosomal membrane, with the concomitant highly efficient PDT responseThis work was supported by EU (CosmoPHOS-nano, EU-FP7- NMP-2012-LARGE-6, 310337), MINECO-Feder funds (CTQ2017- 85393-P (T.T.), CTQ-2014-53673-P and CTQ-2017-89539-P (A.d.l.E.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI18/00708 (A.J.), and PCIN-2017-042/EuroNanoMed2017-191, TEMPEAT (T.T.)), and Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (FOTOCARBON, S2013/MIT 2841). DLS measurements were carried out by VAM with a Nanotrac Wave analyzer, during an internship in the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology of the University of Twente. IMDEA Nanociencia also acknowledges support from the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, grant SEV-2016-0686

Shall y Will en el Corpus of History English Texts

Este artículo estudia los significados de las formas verbales shall y will en inglés moderno tardío, tal y como aparecen en el Corpus of History English Texts (1700-1900). Existen trabajos específicos sobre verbos modales en períodos históricos de la lengua inglesa, como Fachinetti (1997) y Gotti (2003). Para el estudio de estos modales, se emplean herramientas de corpus para identificar los sentidos de estos dos verbos en contexto. Los datos resultantes de este análisis se agrupan de acuerdo con estos significados. El concepto de modalidad que seguimos se basa principalmente en Palmer (1986; 2001), Hoye (2008) y van der Auwera y Plungian (1998). Las conclusiones muestran que estas formas verbales tenían, de hecho, significados modales, incluso si su uso perifrástico para indicar futuro era evidente.This paper deals with the meanings of the verbal forms shall and will in the late Modern English period, as evinced in the Corpus of History English Texts (1700-1900). Earlier literature on modal verbs in historical periods includes Fachinetti (1997) and Gotti (2003). We study these modals using corpus tools in order to identify the senses of these two verbs in context and to group findings according to meaning. Our notion of modality mainly follows from Palmer (1986; 2001), Hoye (2008) and van der Auwera and Plungian (1998). Conclusions show that these verbal forms had indeed modal meanings, even if their periphrastic use to indicate future was evident

Peripherally crowded cationic phthalocyanines as efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy is a treatment modality of cancer based on the production of cytotoxic species upon the light activation of photosensitizers. Zinc phthalocyanine photosensitizers bearing four or eight bulky 2,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenoxy substituents were synthesized, and pyridyl moieties were methylated. The quaternized derivatives did not aggregate at all in water and retained their good photophysical properties. High photodynamic activity of these phthalocyanines was demonstrated on HeLa, MCF-7, and EA.hy926 cells with a very low EC50 of 50 nM (for the MCF-7 cell line) upon light activation while maintaining low toxicity in the dark (TC50 ≈ 600 μM), giving thus good phototherapeutic indexes (TC50/EC50) above 1400. The compounds localized primarily in the lysosomes, leading to their rupture after light activation. This induced an apoptotic cell death pathway with secondary necrosis because of extensive and swift damage to the cells. This work demonstrates the importance of a bulky and rigid arrangement of peripheral substituents in the development of photosensitizersThe work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19-14758Y), Charles University (PRIMUS/20/SCI/013, GAUK 1620219, SVV 260 550), and by the project EFSACDN (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000841) cofunded by the ERDF. For affiliations ‡, ∥, and ⊥, the work was supported by MINECO-Feder funds (CTQ2017-85393-P (T.T.), CTQ-2014-53673-P and CTQ-2017-89539-P (A.d.l.E.), PCIN-2017-042/EuroNanoMed2017-191, TEMPEAT (T.T.)). Affiliation ⊥ (IMDEA Nanociencia) also acknowledges support from the ‘Severo Ochoa’ Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant SEV2016-0686