Tartu Ülikooli vana anatoomikum ja farmakoloogiateaduse areng

Tartu Ülikooli taasasutamisega 1802. aastal avati 5 kateedrit ja üks prosektuur. Nende hul gas üks tähtsamaid teoreetilisi kateedreid oli dieteetika, materia medica (raviainete õpetuse) ning meditsiiniajaloo ja -kirjanduse kateeder. Loengud toimusid vanas ana toomikumis. 1865. aastal nimetati üksus ümber farmakoloogia, dieteetika ja arsti teaduse ajaloo kateedriks, millena ta töötas 20. sajandi alguseni, seega esimesed 100 aastat. Viimased 100 aastat on ta tuntud farmakoloogia kateedri/instituudi nimetuse all. Eesti Arst 2005; 84 (9): 608–61

Aliskiren – an orally active renin inhibitor. Review of pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, kinetics, and clinical potential in the treatment of hypertension

The importance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure has long ago been recognized. It has also been established that inhibition of RAAS, using inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), is an effective way to intervene with the pathogenesis of these disorders. Renin inhibitors block the RAAS at the highest level, at its origin, and might thus offer a new exciting approach for pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension. Aliskiren is the first in a new class of orally active, non-peptide, low molecular weight renin inhibitors, and so far the only renin inhibitor that has progressed to phase III clinical trials. This review summarizes the available data on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of aliskiren and its clinical development for treatment of arterial hypertension

Karistusõiguslik hinnang ohjeldamisele hooldusasutustes

Eesti Arst 2018; 97(8):442–44

Loovutatava isiku õigused loovutamismenetluses - kohtupraktika analüüs

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2656747~S1*es

Antibiootikumid : metoodiline abimaterjal arstiteaduskonna III-V kursuse üliõpilastele

• Sissejuhatus • Mikroobivastased antibiootikumid • Patogeensete seente vastased antibiootikumid • Viirusvastased ained • Kemoterapeotikumide kasutamise üldprintsiibid • Sisukordhttp://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1053865~S1*es

Stargardti tõvest, ülevaatlikult

Stargardti tõbi on kõige sagedasem juveniilne makuli düstroofia, põhjustades progresseeruvat nägemisteravuse halvenemist. Diagnoosi püstitamine võib olla üpriski keeruline, seda eriti haiguse algstaadiumis või juhtudel, kui esmased haigussümptomid ilmnevad hilisemas elueas. Tuginemine vaid oftalmoskoopilisele leiule ei ole diagnoosimiseks piisav, seetõttu on lisaks korralikule anamneesile vajalikud lisauuringud (autofluorestsentsfotograafia, optiline koherentne tomograafia, elektroretinograafia, fluorestseiinangiograafia ning geneetiline testimine). Artiklis on antud ülevaade Stargardti tõve tekkepõhjustest, kulust ning nüüdisaegsetest diagnostikavõimalustest. Eesti Arst 2013; 92(4):212–21

Analysis of candidate genes for macular telangiectasia type 2

Purpose: To find the gene(s) responsible for macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) by a candidate-gene screening approach.Methods: Candidate genes were selected based on the following criteria: those known to cause or be associated with diseases with phenotypes similar to MacTel, genes with known function in the retinal vasculature or macular pigment transport, genes that emerged from expression microarray data from mouse models designed to mimic MacTel phenotype characteristics, and genes expressed in the retina that are also related to diabetes or hypertension, which have increased prevalence in MacTel patients. Probands from eight families with at least two affected individuals were screened by direct sequencing of 27 candidate genes. Identified nonsynonymous variants were analyzed to determine whether they cosegregate with the disease in families. Allele frequencies were determined by TaqMan analysis of the large MacTel and control cohorts.Results: We identified 23 nonsynonymous variants in 27 candidate genes in at least one proband. Of these, eight were known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with allele frequencies of >0.05; these variants were excluded from further analyses. Three previously unidentified missense variants, three missense variants with reported disease association, and five rare variants were analyzed for segregation and/or allele frequencies. No variant fulfilled the criteria of being causal for MacTel. A missense mutation, p.Pro33Ser in frizzled homolog (Drosophila) 4 (FZD4), previously suggested as a disease-causing variant in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, was determined to be a rare benign polymorphism.Conclusions: We have ruled out the exons and flanking intronic regions in 27 candidate genes as harboring causal mutations for MacTel

Functional Analysis of Retinal Flecks in Stargardt Disease

To evaluate visual function of flecked areas in a series of patients with Stargardt disease (STGD) and compare them with adjacent non flecked areas

Hyperautofluorescent Dots are Characteristic in Ceramide Kinase Like-associated Retinal Degeneration.

There is a lack of studies which seek to discern disease expression in patients with mutations that alter retinal ceramide metabolism, specifically in the ceramide kinase like (CERKL) gene. This cross-sectional case series reports a novel phenotypic manifestation of CERKL-associated retinopathy. Four unrelated patients with homozygous CERKL mutations underwent a complete ocular exam, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF), quantitative autofluorescence (qAF), and full-field electroretinogram (ffERG). Decreased visual acuity and early-onset maculopathy were present in all patients. All four patients had extensive hyperautofluorescent foci surrounding an area of central atrophy on SW-AF imaging, which has not been previously characterized. An abnormal spatial distribution of qAF signal was seen in one patient, and abnormally elevated qA