Computing with simple groups: maximal subgroups and presentations

For the non-abelian simple groups G of order up to 10⁶ , excluding the groups PSL(2,q), q > 9, the presentations in terms of an involution a and an element b of minimal order (with respect to a) such that G= are well known. The presentations are complete in the sense that any pair (x,y) of generators of G satisfying x²=yᵐ=1, with m minimal, will satisfy the defining relations of just one presentation in the list. There are 106 such presentations. Using a computer, we give generators for each maximal subgroup of the groups G. For each presentation of G, the generators of maximal subgroups are given as words in the group generators. Similarly generators for a Sylow p-subgroup of G, for each p, are given. For each group G, we give a representative for each conjugacy class of the group as a word in the group generators. Minimal presentations for each Sylow p-subgroup of the groups G, and for most of the maximal subgroups of G are constructed. To obtain such presentations, the Schur multipliers of the underlying groups are calculated. The same tasks are carried out for those groups PSL(2,q) of order less than 10⁶ which are included in the "ATLAS of finite groups". For these groups we consider a presentation on two generators x, y with x²=y³=1. A finite group G is said to be efficient if it has a presentation on d generators and d+rank(M(G)) relations (for some d) where M(G) is the Schur multiplier of G. We show that the simple groups J₁, PSU(3,5) and M₂₂ are efficient. We also give efficient presentations for the direct products A₅xA₆, A₅xA₆,A₆xA₇ where Ĥ denotes the covering group of H

Identification and ranking of important bio-elements in drug-drug interaction by Market Basket Analysis

Introduction: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are the main causes of the adverse drug reactions and the nature of the functional and molecular complexity of drugs behavior in the human body make DDIs hard to prevent and threat. With the aid of new technologies derived from mathematical and computational science, the DDI problems can be addressed with a minimum cost and effort. The Market Basket Analysis (MBA) is known as a powerful method for the identification of co-occurrence of matters for the discovery of patterns and the frequency of the elements involved. Methods: In this research, we used the MBA method to identify important bio-elements in the occurrence of DDIs. For this, we collected all known DDIs from DrugBank. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by MBA method. All drug-enzyme, drug-carrier, drug-transporter and drug-target associations were investigated. The extracted rules were evaluated in terms of the confidence and support to determine the importance of the extracted bio-elements. Results: The analyses of over 45 000 known DDIs revealed over 300 important rules from 22 085 drug interactions that can be used in the identification of DDIs. Further, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family was the most frequent shared bio-element. The extracted rules from MBA were applied over 2 000 000 unknown drug pairs (obtained from FDA approved drugs list), which resulted in the identification of over 200 000 potential DDIs. Conclusion: The discovery of the underlying mechanisms behind the DDI phenomena can help predict and prevent the inadvertent occurrence of DDIs. Ranking of the extracted rules based on their association can be a supportive tool to predict the outcome of unknown DDIs

Comparison of sensory processing between children with hearing aid and their normal peers in Shiraz City (2019)

Background:  Sensory processing is an important factor in development and affects the function of the senses in daily living activities. Hearing impairment may lead to some difficulties in sensory processing in children with hearing impairment. Objectives:  In this cross-sectional study, the sensory processing of children with hearing impairment and that of their normal hearing peers who were between 3 to 6 years old were compared. Methods: The study population consisted of 60 normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children with hearing aids in Shiraz who were between 3 and 6 years of age. Dunn’s Short Sensory Profile was utilized in both groups. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21, and a p-level of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Independent t-test results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in total sensory processing (p -value = 0.097), touch sensitivity (p -value = 0.043), olfactory and taste sensitivity (p -value = 0.259), movement sensitivity (p -value = 0.079), sensory seeking (p -value = 0.229), hearing processing (p-value = 0.390), low energy and weakness (p-value = 0.916), or hearing and vision sensitivity (p -value = 0.429). The total mean score was 15.28 ± 4.8 for children with hearing aids and 15.28 ± 4.6 for normal-hearing children. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the impact of hearing impairment on sensory processing is unperceivable and needs to be addressed through more research However, it does seem that hearing impairment may affect one area of sensory processing

The utility of Helicobacter pylori eradication in improving functional dyspepsia in adult population in Iran

Background: This review aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in improving the symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia in Iranian adult population. Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic review. Data were collected from the Medline database by searching some keywords including &quot;Helicobacter pylori&quot;, &quot;eradication&quot;, &quot;effectiveness&quot;, &quot;dyspepsia&quot;, and &quot;Iran&quot;. After obtaining the full text of articles, the critical review was performed based on article titles and abstracts. For each article, information regarding benefits, side effects and efficacy was identified. Then, scenarios were extracted according to the mentioned data. Results: From a total of 28 reviewed papers, 6 were systematic reviews (with the level of evidence 1a), 18 articles were randomized interventional trials (with the level of evidence 1b) and 4 articles were longitudinal studies (with the level of evidence 2b). Most studies reported improvement in symptoms, although some of them did not report the statistically significant difference. After extracting data related to the scenarios from the articles, they were rated regarding the clinical advantage and the ability to localize each scenario. Conclusion: Considering the results of analyzing the articles and extracted scenarios, Helicobacter pylori eradication is recommended in Iranian adult patients with functional dyspepsia, normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and documented Helicobacter pylori infection

Computer Implementation of a New Therapeutic Model for GBM Tumor

Modeling the tumor behavior in the host organ as function of time and radiation dose has been a major study in the previous decades. Here the effort in estimation of cancerous and normal cell proliferation and growth in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumor is presented. This paper introduces a new mathematical model in the form of differential equation of tumor growth. The model contains dose delivery amount in the treatment scheme as an input term. It also can be utilized to optimize the treatment process in order to increase the patient survival period. Gene expression programming (GEP) as a new concept is used for estimating this model. The LQ model has also been applied to GEP as an initial value, causing acceleration and improvement of the algorithm estimation. The model shows the number of the tumor and normal brain cells during the treatment process using the status of normal and cancerous cells in the initiation of treatment, the timing and amount of dose delivery to the patient, and a coefficient that describes the brain condition. A critical level is defined for normal cell when the patient’s death occurs. In the end the model has been verified by clinical data obtained from previous accepted formulae and some of our experimental resources. The proposed model helps to predict tumor growth during treatment process in which further treatment processes can be controlled

Confidence and Use of Communication Skills in Medical Students

Background: Well-designed interventions can improve the communication skills of physicians. Since the understanding of the current situation is essential for designing effective interventions, this study was performed to determine medical interns’ confidence and use of communication skills.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed in spring 2013 within 3 branches of Islamic Azad University (Tehran, Mashhad, and Yazd), on 327 randomly selected interns. Data gathering instrument was a questionnaire with 14 items for confidence and 17 items for use of communication skills. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics as well as Spearman and Mann- Whitney U tests.Results: Students’ confidence and use of communication skills was evaluated moderate. There was a significant positive correlation between students’ confidence and use of communication skills (r=0.42, p=0.001). Male students reported higher scores for confidence and use of communication skills compared to female, but this was not significant (p=0.055 and p=0.292, respectively).Conclusion: Considering significant correlation between confidence and use of communication skills, designing educational interventions is recommended for development of confidence and resulting use of communication skills in medical students

Examining the Epic Language and Tone in Farrokhi Sistani's Poems

The tone is the speaker's attitude and feeling The most important factor is to create an atmosphere and influence the audience in the poem. Knowing the language and its tone plays an important role in understanding any text. The language and tone of the epic are the results of the choice of words, combinations, imagery, novelty, and the choice of weight to suit the type of epic. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in creating epic language and tone in Farrokhi Sistani's poems using descriptive-analytical methods, it has been done in a library way. Farrokhi Sistani has given his poems an epic tone and atmosphere by the use of internal and external music, vocabulary selection, and epic combinations, and using epic arrays such as exaggeration, metaphor, and numerous references to Iranian heroes, and epic and mythological characters. The results of the studies show that the poet has an epic, thoughtful mind, and it is reflected in the forms, words, and combinations used in his poems. This kind of mindset and imagination is linked to the society of the fifth century and the beliefs and ideas that govern the culture and literature of that period and of course it is effective

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers-short Version in Patients with Stroke

Background: Considering the prevalence of stroke, an economical and reliable questionnaire is needed for use in research and rehabilitation to measure the amount of burden on caregivers of stroke patients. True to our knowledge, there is no exclusive Persian language instrument for assessing the burden of stroke caregivers. The current study investigated the validity and reliability of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers-short version (BSFC-s) for stroke patients’ caregivers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 stroke patients and their caregivers were studied using the above-named questionnaire translated from English into Persian. Construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by Spearman and Eta correlation. Cronbach’s Alfa was used to assess internal consistency. Factorial structure was evaluated by exploratory analysis.Results: The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.93, and the questionnaire’s internal consistency was 0.93. The construct validity of the questionnaire was acceptable.Conclusions: In general, it can be said that this questionnaire has a good structure for assessing the burden of caregivers. In addition, by 10 items we can consider this questionnaire as an economically viable option in research and practice