Praktik Jual Beli Tanah Garapan Milik Perhutani Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

This article discusses the practice of smallholders in Mekarjaya Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency purchasing and selling land owned by Perhutani in accordance with Islamic law. Perhutani BKPH Haurgeulis, Mekarjaya Village Government, and smallholders were observed in the field to collect data for this qualitative descriptive study. Interviewing, observation, and documentation studies are methods of data collection. According to the findings of the study, farmers in Mekarjaya Village purchased and disposed of arable land through secret agreements or without the knowledge of the landowner (Perhutani). The buying and selling is accomplished by making direct offers to interested parties, who then determine the desired price. If both parties agree, the transaction is completed with a receipt as evidence. Because the object being traded does not belong to the seller, the practice of buying and selling does not meet the criteria. This practice is prohibited by Islamic law because it violates the terms and conditions of buying and selling.Keywords: Buying and selling; Cultivated Land; Islamic law AbstrakArtikel ini mendiskusikan tentang praktik jual beli tanah garapan milik Perhutani oleh para petani penggarap di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Gantar Kabupaten Indramayu ditinjau dari kacamata Hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan data melalui studi lapangan terhadap pihak Perhutani BKPH Haurgeulis, Pemerintah Desa Mekarjaya, dan petani penggarap. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa praktik jual beli tanah garapan oleh petani Desa Mekarjaya dilakukan dengan akad bawah tangan atau tanpa sepengetahuan pihak pemilik tanah (Perhutani). Jual beli tersebut dilakukan dengan cara menawarkan langsung kepada yang berminat kemudian mereka menentukan harga yang dikehendaki. Jika kedua belah pihak setuju maka transaksi dilakukan dengan bukti kwitansi. Praktik jual beli tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat khususnya dalam objek yang diperjualbelikan, karena bukan milik si penjual. Dalam pandangan Hukum Islam praktik tersebut tidak diperbolehkan karena adanya pelanggaran mengenai ketentuan dan syarat-syarat jual beli.Kata Kunci: Jual beli; Tanah Garapan; Hukum Islam 

Morphometric analysis of drainage basins in the Western Arabian Peninsula in relation to geomorphic processes and lithologic control

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 小口 高, 東京大学教授 斎藤 馨, 東京大学教授 須貝 俊彦, 東京大学准教授 芦 寿一郎, 東京大学准教授 早川 裕

Finite Element Analyses of a TLA-type Synchronus Reluctance Machine

Abstract— Generating energy efficient and eco-friendly electrical machines has been recently focused by researchers due to rapid decline in energy sources and increase in greenhouse gas effect. Since Inductance Machines have some drawbacks: low torque capability, low efficiency hence high energy consumption, and high carbon dioxide emission, designing Synchronous Reluctance Machines is crucial to overcome these drawbacks of Inductance Machines. Synchronous Reluctance Machines have attractive features: higher torque capability, enhanced efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emission, longer lifetime and maintenance period comparing with Inductance Machines. In this study, flux barrier number, shape of flux barriers and rotor position effects on machine’s performance is carried out by Finite Element Analyses. The analyses has concluded that the hyperbolic shaped machine with four barriers is the optimum design considering performance parameters and rotor position considerably affects torque, saliency ratio, power factor and efficiency of machines

Design and comprehensive analyzes of a highly efficient TLA-Type synchronous reluctance machine including the effects of conductor per slot and wire size

Consuming energy sources and greenhouse gas emission are one of the most prominent problems of the latest century. Most of the energy consumed globally and carbon dioxide emissions originate from electric motors used in the industry. Therefore, researchers have recently focused on the production of highly efficient, eco-friendly, and low-priced machines: Synchronous Reluctance Machines. In this study, the design and comprehensive Finite Element Analysis of a TLA-SynRM including the effects of the number of conductors per slot and wire diameter directly affecting stator slot fill factor and crucial for obtaining more realistic results from experiments has been initially carried out. Moreover, power factor, saliency ratio, and efficiency of the novel SynRM are enhanced by utilizing a fine-tuning process based on d- and q-axes flux paths. Additionally, the layer structure of the initial design is changed to a double-layer structure to improve the performance of the machine in the fine-tuning process. In the final step of this study, the machine has been manufactured, and experiments have been accomplished. This study has concluded that the novel SynRM have low torque ripple, high power factor, saliency ratio, and efficiency, whose value is within the range of IE5 efficiency class

Design and Comprehensive Analyzes of a Highly Efficient TLA-Type Synchronous Reluctance Machine including the Effects of Conductor per Slot and Wire Size

Consuming energy sources and greenhouse gas emission are one of the most prominent problems of the latest century. Most of the energy consumed globally and carbon dioxide emissions originate from electric motors used in the industry. Therefore, researchers have recently focused on the production of highly efficient, eco-friendly, and low-priced machines: Synchronous Reluctance Machines. In this study, the design and comprehensive Finite Element Analysis of a TLA-SynRM including the effects of the number of conductors per slot and wire diameter directly affecting stator slot fill factor and crucial for obtaining more realistic results from experiments has been initially carried out. Moreover, power factor, saliency ratio, and efficiency of the novel SynRM are enhanced by utilizing a fine-tuning process based on d- and q-axes flux paths. Additionally, the layer structure of the initial design is changed to a double-layer structure to improve the performance of the machine in the fine-tuning process. In the final step of this study, the machine has been manufactured, and experiments have been accomplished. This study has concluded that the novel SynRM have low torque ripple, high power factor, saliency ratio, and efficiency, whose value is within the range of IE5 efficiency class. © 2023 by the authors

Pemberdayaan Usaha Kecil Menengah Sepatu Melalui PenerapanTeknologi Emboss dan Perbaikan Manajemen

The community service program carried out in Sidoarjo Regency aims to help solve priority problems experienced by shoe MSME partners. There are two priority problems that must be resolved to empower partner MSMEs to improve the quality and quantity of their production, namely: (1) low quality and quantity of leather shoe brand labeling production, and (2) poor financial management. Methods to overcome the problem of low quality and quantity of brand labeling production are carried out through the application of semi-automatic leather embossing machines with electric energy and to overcome poor financial management through training and mentoring of financial management with a participatory approach. The results of this community service program are: (1) Electric energy semi-automatic leather embossing press machine, 2) a simple cash book. The conclusion of the results of the implementation of PKM activities that have been carried out with partners is that by increasing the quality and quantity of partner shoe brand labeling production with a magnitude of 30 times faster or (3000%) increase besides that the financial management of partner SMEs has been carried out properly through recording business financial flows using simple ledger

Conformal mapping of unbounded multiply connected regions onto canonical slit regions

We present a boundary integral equation method for conformal mapping of unbounded multiply connected regions onto five types of canonical slit regions. For each canonical region, three linear boundary integral equations are constructed from a boundary relationship satisfied by an analytic function on an unboundedmultiply connected region. The integral equations are uniquely solvable. The kernels involved in these integral equations are the modified Neumann kernels and the adjoint generalized Neumann kernels