Integration of solar energy and optimized economic dispatch using genetic algorithm: A case-study of Abu Dhabi

© 2017 IEEE. The United Arab Emirates is focusing on cultivating Renewable Energy (RE) to meet its growing power demand. This also brings power planning to the forefront in regards to keen interests in renewable constrained economic dispatch. This paper takes note of UAE's vision in incorporating a better energy mix of Renewable Energy (RE), nuclear, hybrid system along with the existing power plants mostly utilizing natural gas; with further attention for a sound economic dispatch scenario. The paper describes economic dispatch and delves into the usage of Genetic Algorithm to optimize the proposed system of thermal plants and solar systems. The paper explains the problem formulation, describes the system used, and illustrates the results achieved. The aim of the research is in line with the objective function to minimize the total costs of production and to serve the purpose of integrating renewable energy into the traditional power production in UAE. The generation mix scenarios are assessed using genetic algorithm using MATLAB simulation for the optimization problem

Afghanistan's cross-border trade with Pakistan and Iran and the responsibility for conflict-sensitive employment

Border areas are sites of intensive interaction between states and interregional business. Political tensions and armed conflicts have a particularly strong impact on trade flows. In fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS), where states have limited power and where the enforcement of laws, rules and regulations is weak, irregular economies tend to thrive along borders, where state officials often deal with border formalities in arbitrary ways. This Working Paper focuses on transporters, i. e. hauliers, as important actors in the border areas between Afghanistan and its neighbours Pakistan and Iran. The transport sector is sensitive to market fluctuations and a volatile business environment, reacting strongly with increasing or declining employment. This study addresses the question of how haulage companies and workers operate in an insecure environment as found in the border areas of FCAS and identifies strategies for conflict-sensitive employment. Based on the analysis of academic studies, bilateral treaties and their implementation, media reports and interviews with owners and managers of haulage companies and small hauliers, drivers and labourers, this Working Paper presents the particularities of formal and informal trade in the border areas of Afghanistan. A major finding is that states, large companies, small transporters and workers greatly differ in their perceptions of violent conflict, which range from views of alarming insecurity to regarding it as negligible. Moreover, businessmen tend to perceive corrupt practices by state officials and the police as a source of more uncertainty than acts by non-state armed groups. A third insight is that Pakistan and Iran consider cross-border trade with Afghanistan a minor issue as both states are pursuing particular interests in the larger region. Pakistan’s tense relationship with India and Iran’s struggle with Western sanctions inform the trade strategies of these countries, while Afghanistan is a marginal player in these power struggles. Some conflict-sensitive employment strategies, such as employing drivers and assistants according to cultural criteria to facilitate safe passage through areas under the control of various power holders and affected by violent conflict are adopted by cross-border haulage companies out of self-interest. The paper presents additional strategies that major companies can use

A comprehensive review on preparation of pure immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulins are also known as antibodies. Plasma cells are responsible for the production of immunoglobulins. Beta cells are activated against a pathogenic attack and facilitated the formation of different types of immunoglobulins naturally. These immunoglobulins are also artificially synthesized by non-specific laboratorial techniques include fractionation precipitation, electrophoretic methods, gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography and by the specific immuno- adsorbent methods. Third generation immunoglobulins are effectively used for therapeutic purpose against viral infections intravenously. Second generation immunoglobulins synthesis involved removal of anti-complement contaminants and IgG aggregates, through enzymatic degradation and chemical modification. The harmful effects of intravenous immunoglobulins can be reduced by using ultraviolet light, P-propiolactone, and pepsin at pH 4. Intravenous immunoglobulin drugs lead to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various infections. The mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulins is dependent on the binding between the Fc portion of injected IgG and target cell receptors. Radiolabeling is performed by two methods as in vivo, in which radiolabeled antibodies are incorporated into the body to bind with the antibodies and in vitro method, radioactive material is bound with already formed antibodies. This chapter highlighted the artificial methods adopted for production of radiolabeled immunoglobulins holding significant therapeutic and diagnostic applications

Globally Published Literature on Library and Information Science Professionals: A Bibliometric Review ( 1970-2021)

The study targets examining the exploration yield on the key terms of librarianship within 52 years (1970-2021). The investigation cover essentially the quantity of articles, language of articles, top research oriented organizations and countries, topmost publication source, highly productive authors, highly interested research area, commonly used keyword and so forth. A complete bibliometric study was directed utilizing the Science Citation Index data set, Web of Science (Core Collection). This research fills in as an asset for future research activities by revealing insight into librarianship.  In particular, the outcomes uncover that the mostly chosen publication category is article and the research referred to articles are from United States and the top productive organization is also from USA. The preferred language is English for publications and the most favored research area is the “Information Science Library Science” during this time span. This bibliometric research is significant for all those researchers who relates to librarianship and who need to see the publication trends in this profession

Research is a Scientific Capital: The Role of University Libraries in Higher Education Institutions

This paper attempts to examine the research support services in university libraries of higher education institutions in the Punjab, Pakistan. University libraries are providing traditional and as well as modern facilitation to scholars, students, and teachers for face to face and online learning in the globe generally and in Pakistan specifically. A quantitative study design opted and a sample of 90 university libraries was taken out of 116 libraries including sub-campuses libraries from the Punjab Province. A well-structured questionnaire was administered and pretested to conduct a representative survey. The study findings indicated that there was a significant difference in research support facilities between government and private sector university libraries in the Punjab Province. There was also a significant difference in the training of library staff regarding research support activities among university types. The study recommended that training on research support services in the library should be provided to library professional staff, researchers, and students for the best utilization of library services

Stability Criteria for Volterra Integrodynamic System

We study conditions under which the solutions of linear Volterra integrodynamic system of the form yΔt=Atyt+∫t0tKt,sysΔs are stable on certain time scales. We construct a number of Lyapunov functionals on time scales from which we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of Volterra integrodynamic system and also we prove several results concerning qualitative behavior of this system

Analysis of mRNA Expression for Injury-Age Estimation

Background: Determination of wound age is pivotal in forensic medical sciences, criminal and civil cases for the construction of crime scene and answering the questions like, time of infliction, manner of wound infliction, how long the person survives after infliction of wound and characterizing antemortem or postmortem wounds. The findings differ considerably among individuals due to the biological variations. Previous developed method in the injury-age determination is clinical, microscopic, enzymatic reaction at the wound margins, histological, and immunohistochemistry with the pitfalls associated with it.Methods: This study is conducted on blunt injuries, particularly lacerated wound (type of wound inflicted by blunt weapon) to analyze the different expression pattern in injury-age up to 72hrs in total 21 individuals randomly grouped in different time intervals. To determine the time of injury, transcript abundance of mRNA of Fibronectin (FBN), IL1β, VEGFA, and GM-CSF was analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction. 18S-rRNA was used as control marker.Results: Percent knockdown (%KD) was calculated to determine the expression of mRNA for the determination of injury-age. IL1β and GM-CSF showed the predictive behavior for wound age up to 36hrs, Fibronectin (FBN) showed predictive behavior up to 12hrs while VEGFA showed prediction beyond 72hrs.Conclusion: The detection of gradual decrease of mRNA of Fibronectin (FBN), IL1β, VEGFA, and GM-CSF may provide an estimation of wound-age.Keywords: mRNA Expression; Injury-Age Estimation; Antemortem wounds; Postmortem wound