Impact of Death Anxiety and Hopelessness on Psychological Wellbeigh among War Soliders

The current research was conducted to find out the effect of “Impact of Death Anxiety and Hopelessness on Psychological Well Being among War Soldiers” who are fighting against Terrorism in Northern Areas. For this purpose data was collected from target sample soldiers deployed in district Bannu. The selection of sample based on the philosophy of operation Zarb –e- Azab. Results indicate that the death anxiety and hopelessness develops among war soldiers due to fear of uncompleted life tasks.  From the analysis of data we can conclude that in the death anxiety, hopelessness develops among war soldiers due to the fear of uncompleted life tasks. Uncompleted life task means that most of the soldiers wants to leave some sort of financial benefits to their family members (e.g. Parents/spouse/children’s). As most of the benefits available to lower cadre soldier are not enough to meet their family requirements. Hence the fear about their family member wishes create fear about life, when they are performing their jobs in war affected areas. Most of the soldiers who belongs to urban areas and those who are married are affected from death anxiety. On the other hand hopelessness is also related with psychological well-being of deployed soldiers. If soldier will be mentally, psychologically satisfied from their job nature and they are intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to perform their duties than the factor of hopelessness will be minimum. Findings of the study suggest that the research should be conduct in different cities of Pakistan

Energy Consumption, Manufacturing Output and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach

The study investigates the short and long run relationship between energy consumption (DEN), manufacturing output (MG) and economic growth (EG), in Pakistan by applying ARDL bound testing approach. The time series employed is covering the period from 1981 to 2014. With Error Correction Model, our findings exhibit that both energy consumption and manufacturing output has established a positive long run relationship with economic growth. Moreover, by using the granger causality, the results provide the unidirectional causal relationship between manufacturing output and economic growth whereas, a bidirectional causality has been found between energy consumption and manufacturing output. The study implicates that Pakistan needs to enhance the capacity of the energy sector for the efficacy of the manufacturing productivity leading to economic growth. Since, Pakistan is facing an energy shortfall it is necessary for the policy makers to take restructuring of energy sector into account, including capacity enhancement while considering environment and eco-friendly renewable energy sources. Keywords: Manufacturing output, energy consumption, economic growth, ARDL bound testing, Granger causality. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-6-03 Publication date:March 31st 201

Determinant’s of Job Satisfaction & Employee Turnover in Pakistan Paint Industry

Purpose The aim of this research is to identify the factors that affect job satisfaction and turnover in the “Paint Industry” of Pakistan. Specifically, the study seeks to examine the relative effects of demographic and environmental factors on job satisfaction and turnover among the employees of such industries. Design/methodology/approach A scale development process was used. The first stage was a review of the literature on the determinants of job satisfaction in order to generate a pool of items that reflect job satisfaction along with turnover construct. A list of items was then gathered to cover all facets of job satisfaction and turnover. In?depth interviews and thorough questionnaires were employed to generate additional items. Findings Overall, the findings show that in an Eastern culture such as the Pakistan, especially in the Paint Industry, internal factors play a more important role as the determinant’s of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction that can lead to high or conversely, low turnover. Originality/value Given the importance of understanding the determinants of job satisfaction and turnover coupled with the dire need to fill the niche of research on the topic in our country; this study is of great importance to both academia and practitioners in the Paint Industry of Pakistan

Estimation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential in an Educational Institute of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Pakistan is on verge of facing severe water scarcity issues by 2025. An exponential increase in population increases the water demand as most of the population in the country depends on groundwater. Over extraction of groundwater is causing depletion in the groundwater table at an alarming rate. Water conservation is becoming the need of time. Rainwater Harvesting is one the best methods that can be used to conserve water. This paper aims to determine the total volume of water that can be conserved from Rainfall on the Rooftop at the University of Faisalabad, Amin Campus located in an industrial city Faisalabad, Pakistan. For this purpose, water usage on the campus is estimated. The area of the campus rooftop is measured by conducting a topographic survey. Rainfall data from the year 1981-2021 is collected and average monthly rainfall is calculated. The soil Conservation Service Curve Number method is adopted to calculate the run-off. Results indicated that about 1300 cubic meters of water can be conserved per year which will cover about 20-25 percent of the total water demand of the campus if a Rainwater Harvesting System is installed at the campus.Keyword: Rainwater Harvesting, Water Conservation, Water Scarcit

Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Self-Healing Phenomena by adding Bacteria, Silica fume and Fibres

Concrete which is the most useable material in the world after the water has flaws, it is susceptible to cracking over time. These cracks occur in the form of shear cracks, flexural cracks, tension cracks, shrinkage cracks etc. With these cracks, some hair-like cracks also occur in concrete which are not visible during the visual inspection. The propagation of these cracks in concrete allows the water and many other chemicals to seep inside the concrete and leads to a decrease in its properties. Such properties include decreasing durability, erosion of rebars, and progressive failure in the concrete strength. Therefore, the repair of hair-like cracks is also essential for the long-term safety of structures. In the present study the Silica fume, and Polypropylene fibres are added to a rich concrete along with the bacteria named Bacillus Subtilis and Calcium Lactate for enhancement of its mechanical properties and self-healing phenomena. The effect of bacteria in the healing phenomenon and other properties is compared to normal concrete by casting the cylinders and beams. The slump, compressive strength, tensile strength, and self-healing phenomena are tested and found the increase in mechanical properties of concrete. The self-healing phenomena of cracks is observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

PRIMARY GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOUR OF THE PROSTATE: A CASE REPORT OF A RARE TUMOUR

A 70-year-old gentleman underwent prostatectomy for bladder outlet obstruction due to enlarged prostate and was found to have primary extragastrointestinal stromal tumour (EGIST). He has been started on imatinib therapy and is presently on follow-up. Prostatic EGIST should be one of the differential diagnoses in patients with enlarged prostate with normal prostate-specific antigen levels.Key words: Prostate, gastrointestinal stromal tumour, PSA 

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: A Case Series of 9 Patients With Literature Review.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an increasingly recognized nonatherosclerotic cause of acute coronary syndrome. Reports regarding the prognosis and natural history of this disease are limited. In addition to the diagnostic difficulty, this condition poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to the lack of specific management guidelines. We present here a case series of 9 patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Additionally, this article reviews the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, therapeutic approaches, and patterns of recurrence in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection

Lafora Disease Masquerading as Hepatic Dysfunction

Lafora disease is fatal intractable progressive myoclonic epilepsy. It is frequently characterized by epileptic seizures, difficulty walking, muscle spasms, and dementia in late childhood or adolescence. We chronicle here an unusual case of an asymptomatic young male soccer player who presented with elevated liver enzymes. Neurological examination was unremarkable. The diagnostic workup for hepatitis, infectious etiologies, autoimmune disorders, hemochromatosis, Wilson\u27s disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and other related diseases was inconclusive. He subsequently underwent an uneventful percutaneous liver biopsy. Based on the pathognomonic histopathological findings, Lafora disease was considered the likely etiology. The present study is a unique illustration of this rare disorder initially manifesting with abnormal liver enzymes. It underscores the importance of clinical suspicion of Lafora disease in cases with unexplained hepatic dysfunction. Prompt liver biopsy and genetic testing should be performed to antedate the onset of symptoms in these patients

Mid to Long-term Outcome of Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion

Background: Cervical degenerative conditions such as intervertebral disc prolapse and degenerative cervical spondylosis results in pain and disability, especially in the middle age and elderly. The treatment of choice is surgical decompression once conservative treatment fails. We studied the outcome of anterior cervical decom-pression with instrumented fusion in order to analyse its effectiveness in terms of pain and disability improve-ment. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. 30 patients were operated during June 2013 and May 2015 (2 years). All patients operated for cervical degenerative conditions were included.Data was collected about neck pain and functional impairment preoperatively using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. The same scales were used during the follow-period for 6 months. Favourable outcome was defined as 50% reduction in pain and functional improvement to Grade 1 (12 – 15) or normal scores (16 – 17). Results: Mean age was 59.70 years ±8.12SD.Mean preoperative VAS was 6.70 and it was 1.80 ± 0.85 SD at 6 – month follow-up. Mean JOA score was 11.57 preoperatively while at 6-month follow-up, it was 14.97 ± 1.92 SD. There was a significant difference between mean VAS score preoperatively and mean VAS score postoperatively (mean difference; 4.9, 95% CI; 4.48 to 5.32, p < 0.001, t(29): 23.86). Similarly, there was statistically significant difference between mean JOA score preoperatively and mean JOA scores postoperatively (mean difference; -3.4, 95% CI; -3.95 to -2.85, p < 0.001, t(29): -12.61). Conclusion: Anterior cervical decompression with graft placement and instrumented fusion are safe and effective methods for relieving pain as well functional improvement in patients with cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy.Keywords: , , , , surgical outcome