Optimal order quantities with volume discounts before and after price increase

An inventory problem in which annual demand is normally distributed with known means and standard deviations is considered. A purchase price increase is imminent before the next order is placed. Volume discounts are also given in accordance to the size of the order. A model to compute an optimal order quantity and an optimal delivery point is presented. This model can also account for any price change that may occur from time to time

Scheduling of material through a steel plant

This paper addresses the optimal scheduling of material in a steel plant. The genetic algorithm is adapted to handle various constraints in the processing mills

Optimization of deliveries from distribution points

We solve an optimization problem involving the assignment of transport routes to a delivery point. The general and particular cases of the optimization problem are described. An algorithm for the simplified case and ideas for the general case is presented

Aquatic and shoreline vegetation of Lake Nubia, Sudan

The paper reports on the flora along the banks of Lake Nubia and the long-term changes that have taken place since the formation of the Aswan High Dam (AHD) Lake about 40 years ago. Both aquatic and shoreline vegetation were studied in 15 transects located across the lake, from Debeira (337.5 km south of the Aswan High Dam), to the Dal Cataract (500 km south of AHD). Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, electric conductivity and turbidity were measured in the field.Water and hydrosoil samples were collected and analysed for phosphates, nitrates, sulphates, carbonates, bicarbonates, calcium, magnesium, and silicates. The shoreline was classified into four moisture segments depending on the period of inundation, namely: wet (frequently inundated and recently exposed); moist (periodically inundated); semi-dry (rarely inundated); and dry (never inundated). Plants characterising each segment have been identified. Factors affecting the distribution of aquatic macrophytes in Lake Nubia were analysed using canonical correspondence analysis. Temporal and spatial variations of the shoreline vegetation were revealed

Impact of sea surface height anomalies on cyclone track

Predicting accurate cyclone tracks is crucial for disaster management practices. The unusual westward movement of the 6-11 May 2002 Arabian Sea cyclone has been investigated through community mesoscale National Centre for Atmospheric Research model by giving different sea surface temperatures (SST) in different experiments keeping all other conditions same. In one experiment, we converted sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs) to SST. Oceanic eddies and SSHAs, representing the subsurface thermal structure, played a prominent role in the unusual westward movement of this cyclone. This is the first time that the effect of eddies and SSHAs on cyclone track has been reported

The influence of a listening training programme on students' performance in listening comprehension : a study at teachers' college in the southwest region of Saudi Arabia

The primary concern of the present study is to investigate the influence of a listening training programme on students' performance in listening comprehension at the Teachers' College in the Southwest region of Saudi Arabia, with reference to their attitudes, motivation, parental encouragement, satisfaction with English courses taught at the secondary schools and their socio-economic status as independent variables. These variables were investigated after the pre-tests of both the experimental and control groups and were considered to be an attempt to analyse and discover the learners' interests, needs, strengths, weaknesses, difficulties and their level of proficiency in English language. It was hypothesised that there would be no significant correlation between the students' scores in these variables and their scores on the listening tests. It was also hypothesised that there would be no significant differences between the students' scores in the pre-tests and post-tests of the experimental and control groups.The data for the investigation were gathered from 240 male first year undergraduate students with an age range of 19-22 years at the Gizan Teachers' College in the Southwest region of Saudi Arabia. Three different questionnaires were administered in this study namely, Students' Attitude/Motivation Questionnaire, before the training programme, Students' Evaluation Questionnaire, after the training programme, and Teachers' Evaluation Questionnaire.In addition, interviews and observations were carried out with the supervisors of English at Gizan Educational Directorate, teachers of English in secondary schools, English native speakers staff in the British Council in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and at Hull University English Language Centre in the U. K. in order to gather more data concerning the learning and teaching of listening-based methods and the recent teaching methodology and modern facilities used in teaching ESL/EFL in both centres.The data results were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package For Social Science) with statistical techniques of frequency-distribution, Pearson's Product-moment correlation and t-tests for independent and paired samples.Analysis of the data revealed that in the pre-test, the scores on the listening comprehension test of the experimental group were relatively similar to the scores of the control group and had mostly significant relationships with the independent variables at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 with very low correlations ranging from r= -0.10 to r= 0.40. Post-tests results were also compared between the two groups in order to determine the differences of the two scores. Students in the experimental group scored more highly in the listening comprehension tests than those in the control group with mean difference of 42.75 in favour of the experimental group. The mean scores in the pre-tests and post-tests of the experimental group were also highly significant, p<0.001 showing a difference in means of 43.50 and a difference in standard deviations of 2.30. No differences were found between the means and standard deviations in the pre-tests and post-tests of the control on the listening comprehension tests (mean difference =0.02 and standard deviations difference = 0.27, p=<0.05). This indicated that participants in the experimental groups performed better and displayed greater improvements when they received training in listening tasks than those in the control group who received no training. Therefore, the hypotheses were rejected and it can be said that there were significant and high correlations between the pre-tests and post-tests of the experimental groups after -the training, r=0.8 5, p<0.001. Students were found to be instrumentally oriented with negative attitudes before the training programme in both the experimental group (EXG) and control group (COG). Students' attitudes in the experimental groups were changed from negative to positive after the training programme and their motivation was changed from instrumental orientation to integrative orientation. They emphasised learning English as a means of interaction with people who speak English inside and outside the college. Further research is needed to be carried out in other regions of Saudi Arabia regarding the findings of the present studies. Parents played a significant role in their children's progress in English and students were found to be satisfied with their level of proficiency in listening comprehension, speech production and reading pronunciation, with fewer errors in favour of the experimental group, although their socio-economic status was modest r=0.20, p<0.01.In the light of these results, certain recommendations were made for learning and teaching listening comprehension at Teachers' Colleges in Saudi Arabia as well as for the teachers' and students' training. The researcher particularly recommended that training in listening comprehension should be introduced into the Saudi education system for all levels of English proficiency, in order to facilitate the development of comprehension skills and increase students' acquisition of the target language. Andy Braithwaite, from the British Council in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia emphasised this by stating that "listening is an important skill. It should be taught at all levels and should be part of any course for better spoken English" (1997, p. 6 Teachers' Questionnaire). The choice of the listening materials should be left to the Ministry of Education to select what is appropriate to the levels of the learners graduating from simple to complex.Teachers' training should be regarded as an on-going process and should be taken seriously and implemented with the utmost zeal. A first step would be to hold specialised interviews and language proficiency tests in order to determine their level of proficiency and needs. Moreover, there should be scheduled and well-arranged meetings, particularly at the beginning of each semester, in order to keep both the supervisors and teachers up-to-date with developments in teaching methods and new techniques and facilities used in teaching the target language as well as to develop their competence in oral speech.In this respect, the recommendations for training programmes and the scheduled meetings were mainly based on the fact that 94% of the 50 teachers and lecturers at the secondary schools and teachers' colleges were in agreement with the use of the listening-based methods to teach listening comprehension, although they had not had any previous experience in learning or teaching using these methods either pre-service or in-service. Only 6% of them had undertaken training in the listening-based methods during their spare time in the summer, at the American University in Egypt or at the British Councils in Egypt, Sudan, Jordan and Saudi Arabia.Finally, it is of great and vital importance to point out that the habit of translating the grammatical rules and the reading passages from English into Arabic should be abandoned during the teacher/student interaction in the classroom. Concentration on the target language would train the learners to develop their comprehension skills and their thinking strategies in spoken English (Hashim and Sahil, 1994, pp. 1-3)

Quantifying residues of insecticide applied for management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer

The experiment was undertaken to detect and quantify carbosulfan residues on brinjal fruit with comparison with maximum residue level (MRL) recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Carbosulfan was applied at the recommended rate of 1.5 ml·L-1 and the elevated rate of 3.0 ml·L-1 of water under tropical conditions.  Samples were collected at different days after treatment (DAT) to determine presence, and degradation of, residues. A residue above the MRL was detected up to 3 DAT for the 1.5 ml·L-1 rate and 10 DAT for 3.0 ml·L-1 rate. Degradation shortly after application proceeded more slowly, but the rate of degradation increased over time. Carbosulfan is still legal for use on brinjal and it should not be applied above 1.5 ml·L-1 and the pre-harvest interval should not be less than 7 days

The evaluations of facebook as an educational technology tools in polytechnic’s entrepreneurship courses

Entrepreneurship is integrated into the curriculum structure designed for students studying subjects other than Business. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usage of Facebook as an educational technology tool in entrepreneurship course in TVET institution particularly in Polytechnic Malaysia. The 400 sample was selected randomly among the students from theMalaysian Polytechnic Institutions. Tool analysis using IBM-SPSS version 21.The constructs of Cronbach’s alpha is 0.932. The results supported. It shows the averages mean value scores for educational technology tools is on the approximate scale of 4.0 (3.93). Usages of Facebook as an educational technology tools onto entrepreneurship course was well received by Polytechnics’ studentsKeywords: Facebook usage; educational technology tools; entrepreneurship course;polytechnics; DoI theories

Servant Leadership Kepala Sekolah Di SD Negeri 1 Grobogan Kabupaten Grobogan

In this study, there are three objectives: 1) Describe the application of servant leadership principals in managing human resources; 2) To describe the application of servant leadership principals in the management of school infrastructure (sarpras); 3) describe the application of the principals of servant leadership in the financial management of the school in SD Negeri 1 Grobogan, District Grobogan, Grobogan. Type of study is a qualitative research design ethnography. The subject of his research principals and teachers SD Negeri 1 Grobogan, District Grobogan, Grobogan. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis technique starting from data collection, data reduction, data display, and verification / conclusions. Data validation was done by triangulation data. The results of this study were 1) human resource management starts with making the school self-evaluation, school profile, continued school work plan and annual work plans; 2) The infrastructure manager is programmed according to the results of school self-evaluation, planned by the head of the school with the teachers and the committee, the school held a school facilities and infrastructure maintenance; 3) for school operations using the BOS funds, financial management is transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficienc

Effects of iso-nitrogenous fertilizers as nutrient sources on carp polyculture in Bangladesh

A 120-day long experiment was conducted to find out the effects of urea plus triple super phosphate (UT), cow manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) having iso-nil:rogen content on pond productivity and fish yield. Three fertilizer treatments, with three replicates each, were randomly assigned into nine earthen ponds of 100 m2 each. The stocking fish were rohu (Labeo ruhita), catla ( Catla catla) and mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala) in each treatment pond at the rate of 10000/ha with the ratio of 1:1:1. All ponds were fertilized fortnightly at the rate of 125 kg/ha urea plus 100 kg TSP/ha, 7000 kg/ha cow manure and 3500 kg/ha poultry manure for the treatment of UT, CM and PM, respectively, having an iso-nitrogen content of 56 kg in each. Though the physicochemical water quality parameters were more or less similar in all treatment ponds, the chlorophyll-a content and abundance of total plankton were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the ponds receiving the treatment PM. Final growth as well as per unit production of fish was significantly higher (p<O.OS) with the treatment of PM (2067 kg/ha/4 months) followed by UT (1639 kg/ha/4 months) and CM (1246 kg/ha/4 months). The overall results showed that the poultry manure proved to be superior to urea plus TSP and cow manure, even when nitrogen content is similar, in carp polyculture system under prevailing conditions