313 research outputs found

    Controlling high-frequency collective electron dynamics via single-particle complexity

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    We demonstrate, through experiment and theory, enhanced high-frequency current oscillations due to magnetically-induced conduction resonances in superlattices. Strong increase in the ac power originates from complex single-electron dynamics, characterized by abrupt resonant transitions between unbound and localized trajectories, which trigger and shape propagating charge domains. Our data demonstrate that external fields can tune the collective behavior of quantum particles by imprinting configurable patterns in the single-particle classical phase space.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Ρ‚Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ– властивості N-(Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»)-2-гідрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3-карбоксамідів

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    Continuing the search for new analgesics among derivatives of azahetarylcaboxylic acids by the reaction of ethylΒ 2-hydroxy-9-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate and benzylamines in boiling ethanol the correspondingΒ group of N-(benzyl)-2-hydroxy-9-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides has beenΒ synthesized. The structure of the compounds obtained has been confirmed by the data of elemental analysisΒ and NMR 1H spectroscopy. It is noted that the signals of aromatic protons of pyrido-pyrimidine nuclei are shiftedΒ downfield and generally for a typical AMX spin system. At the same time, the signals of aromatic protons ofΒ benzilamide fragments on the contrary are shifted upfield in all cases and focused on very narrow segments of theΒ spectra, thereby undergoing strong distortion. According to the results of the primary pharmacological screeningΒ it has been found that using the standard model of β€œacetic acid writhings” all N-(benzyl)-2-hydroxy-9-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides without exception have analgesic properties to a greater or lesser Β degree. Practically the same regularities of the benzylamide fragment structure –biological effect relationship as inΒ the case of 4-hydroxyquinolin-2-ones analogues have been found. Based on it the conclusion about bioisosterismΒ of 4-hydroxyquinolin-2-one and 2-hydroxy-9-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine nuclei has been made.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Ρ поиск Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² срСди ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π·Π°Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… кислот, Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ этил 2-гидрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3-карбоксилата с Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² кипящСм этанолС мы осущСствили синтСз Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… N-(Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»)-2-гидрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]Β ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3-карбоксамидов. Для подтвСрТдСния строСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ элСмСнтный анализ ΠΈ спСктроскопия 1Н ЯМР. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сигналы ароматичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ-пиримидинового ядра сдвинуты Π² слабоС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ АМΠ₯ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ систСму. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя сигналы ароматичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΎ всСх случаях смСщСны Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΒ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ сосрСдоточСны Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ… спСктров, Π·Π° счСт Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ сильноС искаТСниС. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ фармакологичСского скрининга установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° стандартной ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ уксуснокислых Β«ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉΒ» всС Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ N-(Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»)-2-гидрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-3-карбоксамиды Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ свойствами. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ практичСски Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅ закономСрности влияния строСния Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° биологичСский эффСкт, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² случаС 4-гидроксихинолин-2-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ². На этом основании сдСлан Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ биоизостСрности 4-гидроксихинолин-2-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ 2-гидрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ядСр.Β ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡˆΡƒΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Π°Π»Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² сСрСд ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π·Π°Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… кислот, Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» 2-гідрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3-карбоксилату Π· Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρƒ киплячому Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ– ΠΌΠΈ здійснили синтСз Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΈ Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… N-(Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»)-2-гідрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3-карбоксамідів. Для під твСрдТСння Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ використані Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· Ρ‚Π° спСктроскопія 1Н ЯМР. ΠŸΠΎΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ,Β Ρ‰ΠΎ сигнали Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ядра зсунуті Ρƒ слабкС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Ρ– Π² Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡƒΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΒ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρƒ АМΠ₯ спінову систСму. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ час сигнали Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΈ Π² усіх Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π·ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ– Ρƒ відносно сильнС ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Ρ‚Π° зосСрСдТСні Π½Π° Π΄ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡƒΠ·ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ–Π΄Ρ€Ρ–Π·ΠΊΠ°Ρ… спСктрів, Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Ρ‡ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΡŽ. Π—Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ скринінгу встановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π½Π° стандартній ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ– оцтовокислих Β«ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‡Ρ–Π²Β» всі Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ N-(Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»)-2-гідрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½-3-карбоксаміди Π² Ρ‚Ρ–ΠΉ Ρ‡ΠΈ Ρ–Π½ΡˆΡ–ΠΉ ΠΌΡ–Ρ€Ρ– Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π½Π°Π»Π³Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ– властивості.Β ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ– ΠΆ закономірності Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΉ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡƒ 4-гідроксихінолін-2-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Π². На підставі Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ висновок Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ біоізостСрності 4-гідроксихінолін-2-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π° 2-гідрокси-9-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-оксо-4Н-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎ[1,2-a]ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ядСр

    CONSTRUCTIVE DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION CLASSES ON SURFACES IN R^3 AND R^4

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    Functional classes on a curve in a plane (a partial case of a spatial curve) can be described by the approximation speed by functions that are harmonic in three-dimensional neighbourhoods of the curve. No constructive description of functional classes on rather general surfaces in R 3 and R 4 has been presented in literature so far. The main result of the paper is Theorem 1

    Systematic NLTE study of the -2.6 < [Fe/H] < 0.2 F and G dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. I. Stellar atmosphere parameters

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    We present atmospheric parameters for 51 nearby FG dwarfs uniformly distributed over the -2.60 < [Fe/H] < +0.20 metallicity range that is suitable for the Galactic chemical evolution research. Lines of iron, Fe I and Fe II, were used to derive a homogeneous set of effective temperatures, surface gravities, iron abundances, and microturbulence velocities. We used high-resolution (R>60000) Shane/Hamilton and CFHT/ESPaDOnS observed spectra and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation for Fe I and Fe II in the classical 1D model atmospheres. The spectroscopic method was tested with the 20 benchmark stars, for which there are multiple measurements of the infrared flux method (IRFM) Teff and their Hipparcos parallax error is < 10%. We found NLTE abundances from lines of Fe I and Fe II to be consistent within 0.06 dex for every benchmark star, when applying a scaling factor of S_H = 0.5 to the Drawinian rates of inelastic Fe+H collisions. The obtained atmospheric parameters were checked for each program star by comparing its position in the log g-Teff plane with the theoretical evolutionary track in the Yi et al. (2004) grid. Our final effective temperatures lie in between the T_IRFM scales of Alonso et al. (1996) and Casagrande et al. (2011), with a mean difference of +46 K and -51 K, respectively. NLTE leads to higher surface gravity compared with that for LTE. The shift in log g is smaller than 0.1 dex for stars with either [Fe/H] > -0.75, or Teff 4.20. NLTE analysis is crucial for the VMP turn-off and subgiant stars, for which the shift in log g between NLTE and LTE can be up to 0.5 dex. The obtained atmospheric parameters will be used in the forthcoming papers to determine NLTE abundances of important astrophysical elements from lithium to europium and to improve observational constraints on the chemo-dynamical models of the Galaxy evolution.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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