PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN SISTEM BEKISTING KONVENSIONAL DAN ALUMINIUM PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN MALL X

Structural building components such as columns, beam and slab require formwork in its construction. Formwork plays an important role in forming the dimensions of the structure to fulfill the design. This study aims to determine the formwork comparison between conventional and aluminum in terms of characteristics, implementation methods and costs. This study compares the characteristics, implementation methods and costs using quantitative and comparative methods. Data on aluminum and conventional formwork were obtained by observing the project site implementation and studying the literature. In the construction of project mall X building, several types of formwork were used, including semi-system formwork (semi peri) and aluminum formwork used for columns and conventional formwork used for beams. That consideration is needed to determine the most efficient formwork in terms of characteristics, method of implementation and costs. The result shows that in project mall X building, aluminum formwork has the same cost as conventional formwork but the process is faster and more efficient than conventional formwork. In addition, aluminum formwork does not produce wood waste and can be reused for 150-200 installation. after the researchers analyzed the installation of the formwork system in the mall X construction project. For the development of further research, it is suggested to make a comparison of project X with other projects, besides that it also makes a comparison of the types of formwork with several variables so that it can consider the use of the type of formwork in terms of construction needs

Growth and development of children living with human immunodeficiency virus in South India a comparative study

Background: Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (CLHIV) are physically stunted and underweight compared to normal children. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the physical growth (height, weight, and body mass index [BMI]) of children infected with HIV according to age, gender, sociodemographic factors, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and health status and to compare their physical growth with two other groups, i.e., exposed uninfected children and unexposed uninfected children and to determine the extent of growth retardation and the effect of ART on the reversal of growth retardation. Materials and Methods: A 3-year study on growth and development of CLHIV was conducted at Action, Service, Hope Foundation, a non-governmental institution working in the field of HIV/AIDS. Three groups of children were compared - 63 CLHIV, 98 exposed uninfected children, and 70 unexposed uninfected children. Their nutritional status in terms of weight for age, height for age, BMI, sexual maturity, hemoglobin, and serum albumin were compared. Results: Among CLHIV, 28.1% of children were underweight with Z score of <−2, compared to 12.5% of exposed uninfected children, and 14.3% unexposed uninfected children. Height for age Z scores showed 29.8% were stunted with Z score <−2 among CLHIV, with 16.7% and 11.4% among the exposed uninfected and unexposed uninfected, respectively. Statistically significant difference was also observed in Tanner’s sexual maturity with CLHIV showing slower sexual maturation. The incidence of anemia was highest among CLHIV and slightly higher in those on ART. Conclusions: This study shows that CLHIV are comparatively more stunted heightwise and have decreased weight for age, delayed sexual maturation, and more significant anemia when compared to exposed uninfected children and unexposed uninfected children. This physical growth retardation is not reversed completely by addition of ART

Combating Cybercrime Perpetrated Via Social Media Channels Using Individual Resilience Techniques

Cybercrime is a social vice associated with modern society due to the rapid development of technology. Various studies over the years have shown that there is no society without an element of cybercrime. Cybercrime also has negative economic implications for nations and businesses globally. Over the years, several approaches have been employed to reduce the rate of cybercrime by employing various combating techniques. Hence, this study explores individual resilience techniques used in combating cybercrime perpetrated via social media channels in Abuja. Three goals and research agendas were developed to guide the research toward achieving the stated goal: a review of relevant literature, a qualitative and quantitative survey design involving about seven million, one hundred and ten thousand internet subscribers that use social media in Abuja, and a sample size of four hundred respondents from the study area were selected using the Taro Yamane purposive sampling technique. The respondents’ data were collected using a twelve-item structured questionnaire. Completed instruments of the sample size were analysed using mean values and standard deviations designed using Google Forms. The results showed that identity theft, cyberstalking, malware attacks, and cyber-casing are major cybercrimes perpetrated online by cyber attackers, and these attacks have led to harassment, child exploitation, digital piracy, and intentional damage to individuals’ online reputations. However, anti-malware, outlier detection, password managers, and multi-factor authentication (MFA) are various individual resilience techniques social media users can employ to combat cybercrime on social media. Creating more awareness of cybercrime and the various individual resilience techniques required in protecting social media accounts on web-enabled devices and setting up a special task force void of bias to help cybercrime victims regain their assets were recommended

Exploring the barriers to accessing care and treatment for HIV-infected children in India: A diagnostic study

Each year 27 million births take place in India. A conservative estimate of HIV prevalence of 1 percent among antenatal women translates to about 80,000 HIV-infected children being born annually. The latest figures from the National AIDS Control Organisation show that there are about 5,600 documented HIV-positive children (0–14 years), but a very small number are receiving antiretroviral therapy. The Population Council and partners conducted a qualitative study in three high-prevalence states of India to explore the facilitators and barriers to accessing care for HIV-positive children and assessed the current level of adherence to ART among children receiving treatment. A cross-sectional study design was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers of HIV-positive children (\u3c12 years) and HIV-positive adolescents (12–16 years). A semistructured questionnaire with open-ended questions was used. Study participants were recruited from a convenience sample of community-based health facilities providing services for HIV-positive persons and positive networks in the three states. This brief focuses on findings from caregivers of HIV-infected children less than 12 years of age

A descriptive study on the users and utility of HIV/AIDS helpline in Karnataka, India

Background: Globally, Telephone help-lines have proved their utility in several crisis situations. They were introduced in India for helping persons in need of counseling or emergency care such as victims of suicide, cardiac arrests, etc. The utility of such help-lines in HIV/AIDS has not been established .Hence this study done in ASHA Foundation, Bangalore. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of persons who access the HIV/AIDS helpline. To determine the reasons for calling the helpline. To identify the gaps in the provision of this service. Materials and Methods: Details on all calls received on ASHA Foundation′s HIV/AIDS help line during the period January 2007 to December 2008, were entered on MS excel worksheet and analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: Majority of callers are male, are in the age group of 20-39 years and educated. The most common reasons for calling the helpline were for HIV testing, information about HIV/AIDS, care and support services and referrals to other services not linked to HIV/AIDS. Reasons for calling were linked to risk ( HIV testing, condom use etc) in younger persons, and to avail of care and support services in the older age-group. Conclusions: The main users of the HIV/AIDS helpline are urban ,young, educated males

In Vitro Selection of Cell-Internalizing DNA Aptamers in a Model System of Inflammatory Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive pathological condition marked by a gradual loss of kidney function. Treatment of CKD is most effective when diagnosed at an early stage and patients are still asymptomatic. However, current diagnostic biomarkers (e.g., serum creatinine and urine albumin) are insufficient for prediction of the pathogenesis of the disease. To address this need, we applied a cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) approach and identified a series of DNA aptamers, which exhibit high affinity and selectivity for cytokine-stimulated cells, resembling some aspects of a CKD phenotype. The cell-SELEX approach was driven toward the enrichment of aptamers that internalize via the endosomal pathway by isolating the endosomal fractions in each selection cycle. Indeed, we demonstrated co-localization of selected aptamers with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), a late endosomal and lysosomal marker protein, by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These findings are consistent with binding and subsequent internalization of the aptamers into cytokine-stimulated cells. Thus, our study sets the stage for applying selected DNA aptamers as theragnostic reagents for the development of targeted therapies to combat CKD. Keywords: cell-SELEX, DNA aptamers, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory kidney disease, cytokine