Un esfuerzo más latinoamericanxs para imaginar la Patria Grande

he current American situation (last 5 years) demands dissimilar ways of adding and creating, it forces us to leave the "comfortable" and imagine, because as Daiset Sarquis says, imagination, the detonator of any creative work and different from dreams, simply a means to escape from the harsh life, it is the generating force of the imagined world, a drive that sets in motion the movement towards the place of the unknown. Go there, get off the map, lose, see the other side, see the other.a coyuntura nuestramericana actual (últimos 5 años) exige disímiles maneras de sumar y crear, nos obliga a salir de lo “cómodo” e imaginar, porque como dice Daiset Sarquis la imaginación, detonadora de cualquier obra creativa y distinta a la ensoñación, no es simplemente un medio para escapar de la dura vida, es la fuerza generadora del mundo imaginado, una pulsión que pone en marcha el movimiento hacia el lugar de lo desconocido. Ir allá, salir del mapa, perder, ver hacia el otro lado,ver al otro

El rol anticolonial de las lenguas creoles en Haití y el gran caribe: una entrevista con Jean Casimir

El día 26 de octubre de 2018, el profesor Jean Casimir dictó una conferencia titulada “La lengua creol y su desarrollo contra la plantación desde la Colonia hasta nuestros días”. El evento tuvo lugar en el Centro Cultural Ojos Abiertos en la localidad de Hinche (Ench), Haití, y fue organizada por el MRCPBB, un movimiento social juvenil que forma parte de la articulación continental de Movimientos Sociales hacia el ALBA. En ese contexto, integrantes de la Brigada Jean-Jacques Dessalines de Solidaridad con Haití y del Colectivo Latinoafricano, sostuvimos una dilatada y amena conversación con quién volviera a confirmar la extrema hospitalidad del pueblo haitiano y la cercanía y generosidad de sus exponentes intelectuales, siempre sentados al pie de los odiosos (y antipedagógicos) pedestales académicos. Como personajes de frontera que somos, militantes e intelectuales nómades y hablantes no nativos de creol haitiano, quisimos oficiar de puente con un país que sólo es noticia en casos de deflagración social o catástrofe humanitaria, y nunca por la trascendencia de sus elementos culturales, tremendamente vitales y progresivos. La presente entrevista se vincula a uno de los más significativos: el creol, lengua nacional y popular de Haití, y por extensión a las diferentes lenguas creoles que cohabitan la región del Gran Caribe, aún tan lejana de nuestra comprensión e interés.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

El rol anticolonial de las lenguas creoles en Haití y el gran caribe: una entrevista con Jean Casimir

El día 26 de octubre de 2018, el profesor Jean Casimir dictó una conferencia titulada “La lengua creol y su desarrollo contra la plantación desde la Colonia hasta nuestros días”. El evento tuvo lugar en el Centro Cultural Ojos Abiertos en la localidad de Hinche (Ench), Haití, y fue organizada por el MRCPBB, un movimiento social juvenil que forma parte de la articulación continental de Movimientos Sociales hacia el ALBA. En ese contexto, integrantes de la Brigada Jean-Jacques Dessalines de Solidaridad con Haití y del Colectivo Latinoafricano, sostuvimos una dilatada y amena conversación con quién volviera a confirmar la extrema hospitalidad del pueblo haitiano y la cercanía y generosidad de sus exponentes intelectuales, siempre sentados al pie de los odiosos (y antipedagógicos) pedestales académicos. Como personajes de frontera que somos, militantes e intelectuales nómades y hablantes no nativos de creol haitiano, quisimos oficiar de puente con un país que sólo es noticia en casos de deflagración social o catástrofe humanitaria, y nunca por la trascendencia de sus elementos culturales, tremendamente vitales y progresivos. La presente entrevista se vincula a uno de los más significativos: el creol, lengua nacional y popular de Haití, y por extensión a las diferentes lenguas creoles que cohabitan la región del Gran Caribe, aún tan lejana de nuestra comprensión e interés.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Interleukin 18 activates MAPKs and STAT3 but not NF-kappa B in hippocampal HT-22 cells

Interleukin (IL)-18 is a cytokine previously demonstrated to participate in neuroinflammatory processes. Since the components of the IL-18 receptor complex are expressed in neurons throughout the brain, IL-18 is also believed to directly influence neuronal function. Here we tested this hypothesis on mouse hippocampal neurons by measuring the effects of IL-18 on three pathways previously shown to be regulated by this cytokine in non-neuronal cells: the MAPK pathways, p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs, STAT3 and NF-\u3baB. Experiments were carried out in vitro using the immortalized hippocampal neuronal line HT-22 or in vivo following i.c.v. injection with recombinant mouse IL-18. We showed that IL-18 did not activate NF-\u3baB in HT-22 cells whereas it induced a rapid (within 15min) activation of the MAPK pathways. Moreover, we demonstrated that IL-18 treatment enhanced P-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 ratio in the nucleus of HT-22 cells after 30-60min of exposure. A similar increase in P-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 ratio was observed in the whole hippocampus one hour after i.c.v. injection. These data demonstrate that IL-18 can act directly on neuronal cells affecting the STAT3 pathway; therefore, possibly regulating the expression of specific genes within the hippocampus. This effect may help to explain some of the IL-18-induced effects on synaptic plasticity and functionality within the hippocampal system

Chemical ecology of triatomines: current knowledge and implications for Chagas disease vector management

Triatomines (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), commonly known as conenose or kissing bugs, includes species of outstanding medical importance given their role as vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. Herein, we present an updated review of the chemical ecology of triatomines, with special reference to molecules involved in the communication of these insects. Infochemicals, including hormones and semiochemicals (pheromones and allelochemicals), have a pivotal role in mediating information and shaping interactions within and between triatomines, during distinct behavioural contexts. We analyse the new findings about the chemical composition of alarm, aggregation and sex pheromones, as well as on cuticular hydrocarbons, host attractants and repellents. We also discuss how triatomine hormones may serve as communication signals and highlight the importance of the reverse chemical ecology approach in studying the complex chemoecology of these arthropod vectors. In the final section, we outline how knowledge about triatomine chemical ecology can be used for implementing real-world control operations with proven epidemiological impact

Constitutive and LPS-regulated expression of interleukin-18 receptor beta variants in the mouse brain

Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is proposed to be involved in physiological as well as pathological conditions in the adult brain. IL-18 acts through a heterodimer receptor comprised of a subunit alpha (IL-18Rα) required for binding, and a subunit beta (IL-18Rβ) necessary for activation of signal transduction. We recently demonstrated that the canonical alpha binding chain, and its putative decoy isoform, are expressed in the mouse central nervous system (CNS) suggesting that IL-18 may act on the brain by directly binding its receptor. Considering that the co-expression of the beta chain seems to be required to generate a functional receptor and, a short variant of this chain has been described in rat and human brain, in this study we have extended our investigation to IL-18Rβ in mouse. Using a multi-methodological approach we found that: (1) a short splice variant of IL-18Rβ was expressed in the CNS even if at lower levels compared to the full-length IL-18Rβ variants, (2) the canonical IL-18Rβ is expressed in the CNS particularly in areas and nuclei belonging to the limbic system as previously observed for IL-18Rα and finally (3) we have also demonstrated that both IL-18Rβ isoforms are up-regulated in different brain areas three hours after a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection suggesting that IL-18Rβ in the CNS might be involved in mediating the endocrine and behavioral effects of LPS. Our data highlight the considerable complexity of the IL-18 regulation activity in the mouse brain and further support an important central role for IL-18

Mapping of the full length and the truncated interleukin-18 receptor alpha in the mouse brain

The cytokine IL-18 acts on the CNS both in physiological and pathological conditions. Its action occurs through the heterodimeric receptor IL-18Rα β. To better understand IL-18 central effects, we investigated in the mouse brain the distribution of two IL-18Rα transcripts, a full length and an isoform lacking the intracellular domain hypothesized to be a decoy receptor. Both isoforms were expressed in neurons throughout the brain primarily with overlapping distribution but also with some unique pattern. These data suggest that IL-18 may modulate neuronal functions and that its action may be regulated through expression of a decoy receptor

Mapping of the full length and the truncated interleukin-18 receptor alpha transcripts in the mouse brain

The cytokine IL-18 acts on the CNS both in physiological and pathological conditions. Its action occurs through the heterodimeric receptor IL-18Rα\β. To better understand IL-18 central effects, we investigated in the mouse brain the distribution of two IL-18Rα transcripts, a full length and an isoform lacking the intracellular domain hypothesized to be a decoy receptor. Both isoforms were expressed in neurons throughout the brain primarily with overlapping distribution but also with some unique pattern. These data suggest that IL-18 may modulate neuronal functions and that its action may be regulated through expression of a decoy receptor.L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore http://www.sciencedirect.com

Drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Mexico in representative gram-negative species: Results from the infivar network.

AimThis report presents phenotypic and genetic data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and representative carbapenemases-producing Gram-negative species in Mexico.Material and methodsA total of 52 centers participated, 43 hospital-based laboratories and 9 external laboratories. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance data for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in selected clinical specimens from January 1 to March 31, 2020 was analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 platform. The following clinical isolates recovered from selected specimens were included: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ESBL or carbapenem-resistant E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex, and P. aeruginosa. Strains were genotyped to detect ESBL and/or carbapenemase-encoding genes.ResultsAmong blood isolates, A. baumannii complex showed more than 68% resistance for all antibiotics tested, and among Enterobacteria, E. cloacae complex showed higher resistance to carbapenems. A. baumannii complex showed a higher resistance pattern for respiratory specimens, with only amikacin having a resistance lower than 70%. Among K. pneumoniae isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 68.79%, 72.3%, and 91.9% of isolates, respectively. Among E. coli isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 20.8%, 4.53%, and 85.7% isolates, respectively. For both species, the most frequent genotype was blaCTX-M-15. Among Enterobacteriaceae, the most frequently detected carbapenemase-encoding gene was blaNDM-1 (81.5%), followed by blaOXA-232 (14.8%) and blaoxa-181(7.4%), in A. baumannii was blaOXA-24 (76%) and in P. aeruginosa, was blaIMP (25.3%), followed by blaGES and blaVIM (13.1% each).ConclusionOur study reports that NDM-1 is the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding gene in Mexico in Enterobacteriaceae with the circulation of the oxacillinase genes 181 and 232. KPC, in contrast to other countries in Latin America and the USA, is a rare occurrence. Additionally, a high circulation of ESBL blaCTX-M-15 exists in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae