Study of the combined effects of oxidation and adsorption process in removing MTBE from wastewater

Treatment of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) from wastewater supplies presents specific challenges due to the physicochemical properties of MTBE which depend strongly on its hydrophilic nature, and translate into a high solubility in water. MTBE has very low Henry‘s constant and very low affinity for common adsorbents. An investigation was carried out for the treatability of metyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in synthetic wastewater. In this research, experimental rig and bench-scale studies using granular activated carbon (GAC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were conducted to observe the treatability of MTBE in synthetic wastewater. An experimental rig was built up that consist of three conjugated system. Subsequently, MTBE was amended to the H2O2 and air flow, followed by adsorption treatment with GAC. Generally, the major finding suggests that the longer cycle pulsation time (3 minutes open valve + 5 seconds closed valve) with air flow rate at 6 L/min over the synthetic wastewater caused a greater removal of MTBE. The result of this study can help to provide specific guidance into process parameter selection for treating MTBE in wastewaters. The optimum operating conditions are very important for treating the wastewater effectively in a larger scale

Energy loss through the steam trap in a steam system

This thesis is about the energy loss through the steam trap in the steam system. In industry, steam traps frequently fail but they are not noticed except when they are leaking. If steam trap fail in failed open, live steam can escape to surrounding. High amount of energy will loss from the steam system. It takes weeks or months before it being repaired or replaced. The first objective of this study is to measure the heat loss for normal thermodynamic steam trap in respond to operating pressure for different condensate load. The second objective is to measure the heat loss for failed open thermodynamic steam trap in respond to operating pressure for different condensate load. The last objective is to compare energy loss between normal and failed open steam trap. From the last objective, the actual energy loss if failed steam trap is not repaired is determined. Thermodynamic steam trap has been tested in the experiment and the operating pressure is below 1 bar. Condensate that discharges from steam trap is collected to record the reading of its temperature and weight. These data is used to determine the energy loss through the steam trap. For normal steam trap, energy loss for high condensate load is higher than low condensate load. For failed open steam trap, energy loss for high condensate load is lower than low condensate load. Finally, after comparing the result, steam system that has low condensate load has higher energy loss compare to high condensate load

STUDIES UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATE SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION AND USE OF CAMELINA SATIVA IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN PLAIN CONDITIONS (I)

The present paper is the first part of a series dedicated to the development of an integrate system for production and use of Camelina Sativa. There will be studied during a five years research programme the optimum crop technologies for the Transylvanian Plain conditions, together with the best use of the crop. The agricultural year 2011-2012 was characterized by being very dry. The first experimental results were encouraging, demonstrating that Camelina sativa is not claiming special cropping conditions, being suitable for the Transylvanian Plain area. The best results (1,95 t/ha) were achieved using a 176 plants/m2 density and a ration N/P/K of 100/66,8/40 (25 cm between the rows). Harvesting one of the most important parts of the technological chain, as it could lead to high yield losses without and accurate adjustment of the combine.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE ROMANIAN FARMS CONDITIONS

In the paper there are presented the results of the BIOGEF research project that was carried on by and integrate team and was focus on the biogas production in the small medium farms conditions. Anaerobic digestion provides possibilities to produce renewable energy from organic wastes in decentralized sites, producing a methane rich biogas from manure (human and animal) and crop residues. Apart from supplying renewable energy the biogas plants have other positive effects including the strengthening of closed loop recycling management systems, reducing emissions from manure storage and producing a valuable organic fertilizer. It can also create new sources of income for farmers

BIOGAZUL O IMPORTANTĂ RESURSĂ ENERGETICĂ (I)

Biogas an important energy resource. European countries are committed to reduce CO2 emission originating from fossil fuels. On-farm produced biogas may replace energy produced from fossil fuels and so contribute to achieve the target.Biogas technology is a complete system in itself with its set objectives (cost effective production of energy and soil nutrients), factors such as microbes, plant design, construction materials, climate, chemical and microbial characteristics of inputs, and the inter-relationships among these factors. Brief discussions on each of these factors or subsystems are presented in this paper. Any biodegradable organic material can be used as inputs for processing inside the biodigester. However, for economic and technical reasons, some materials are more preferred as inputs than others. If the inputs are costly or have to be purchased, then the economic benefits of outputs such as gas and slurry will become low. Also, if easily available biodegradable wastes are used as inputs, then the benefits could be of two folds: (a) economic value of biogas and its slurry; and (b) environmental cost avoided in dealing with the biodegradable waste in some other ways such as disposal in landfill. One of the main attractions of biogas technology is its ability to generate biogas out of organic wastes that are abundant and freely available.Operating efficiency of the utilisation of the produced biogas effects decisively the amount of the energy produced

RESURSE DE BIOMASĂ PENTRU PRODUCEREA DE BIOENERGIE (I)

Biomass resurces for energy production. Production of renewable energy is an important target for all the EU countries in their action plans for reducing the GRG emissions. In the case of Romania biomass is an important resource that can be used for renewable energy production. In the present paper there is analysed the country potential considering the agro-pedological conditions

ALIMENTE ŞI ALIMENTAŢIE ÎN MILENIUL III (II) NECESARTUL ŞI CONSUMUL DE ENERGIE ALIMENTARĂ

Food and alimentation in the third millennium (II) Food energy necessary and consumption. The paper continues the presentation of the main aspects of food and feeding in the third millenium focusing this time on the energy necessary and consumption. The study considers the whole range of food structure, like proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc. It is presented in detail the calculus of the different foods demand together with the influence factors

ALIMENTE ŞI ALIMENTAŢIE ÎN MILENIUL III (I) POPULAŢIE ŞI RESURSE DE HRANĂ

Food and alimentation in the third millennium (I) population and food resource. Food and nutrition are among the most important focus points of the humanity in the XXI-st millennium. The present paper is opening a cycle of scientific works dedicated to this subject in the Romanian context. This paper is presenting the general context of food and nutrition in the actual context of exponential increase of population. The problem of food and nutrition is considered in an integrated manner, in close relation with energy consumption and available resources, in accord with the local traditions

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY BASED ON VALUING THE URBAN AND AGRI-FORESTRY SOLID CUMBERSOME WASTE

The study proposes a new process and plant construction for the gasification (through pyrolysis) of solid urban forestry and agricultural cumbersome waste that provides the obtaining ecologically three products: 1. synthesis gas with a high calorific power, resulting from the pyrolisis of the organic materials (wood, paper, forestry, agriculture and food industry waste, etc.). This gas can be used in producing second generation biofuels, including hydrogen 2. an alloy of liquid metal, used in the metallurgical industry; 3. a molten slag (usable after the hardening in the foundry or in building, mainly in road lying). The proposed biomass (waste) gasification process and of resulting gas using have several steps: collection; processing; gasification; gas cleaning and gas use (compressed 80 % for the use as fuel and 20 % can be liquefied). The syngas process has a high energy efficiency by a high purity of the synthesis gas and of a relatively low temperature (300-500 °C) in the purpose of direct use of the gas for producing heating, electricity and/or second generation biofuels. The syngas plant provides the continuous synthesis gas supplying during its whole working time (reaching decades) and can be used in the municipal landfill reducing in time their dimensions and in the rural areas (forestry or agriculture), also, for the gasification the solid waste specific for these areas (straw, grass, seeds, leaves, branches, etc.), case in which the plant of suitable dimensions can be mounted on a trailers to be moved at the biomass waste deposits. The main product (syngas) may be transformed in ethanol, other fuels or chemicals (even hydrogen), or in electricity and heat by very known procedures

AN EASY AND RELIABLE METHOD FOR PAH EXTRACTION FROM FOOD SAMPLES

A simple and reliable method for the determination of 16 PAHs from meat and meat products is introduced. The method uses just 10 g of sample and has a high recovery of 70-85%. Prior to the liquid/liquid extraction with cyclohexane the meat samples are saponified using an alcoholic solution of KOH. The samples were purified using a Florosil column and analyzed with a HPLC-FLD instrument. The method was tested on sever meat products that are found on the Cluj-Napoca market with excellent results